Submitted by Geyciane Santos (geyciane_thamires@hotmail.com) on 2015-11-27T21:50:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Luís Mansuêto Pereira Filho.pdf: 32099305 bytes, checksum: 37222d510a6df05ca3a4b928481f8cbf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-12-01T19:41:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Luís Mansuêto Pereira Filho.pdf: 32099305 bytes, checksum: 37222d510a6df05ca3a4b928481f8cbf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-12-01T20:04:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Luís Mansuêto Pereira Filho.pdf: 32099305 bytes, checksum: 37222d510a6df05ca3a4b928481f8cbf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-01T20:04:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Luís Mansuêto Pereira Filho.pdf: 32099305 bytes, checksum: 37222d510a6df05ca3a4b928481f8cbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-05 / Não informada / This thesis aims to show how the economic capital (performativity) influence the migration of Science Discourse (SD) for the Science Communication Discourse (SCD). It was chosen the Discourse Analysis of French line methodology. The corpus was formed by four articles of trade magazine Superinteressante, for the months of January, February, March and May 2009. The period was randomly determined. We use the theory as a hypothesis of Agenda-Setting as influential in the process of migrating the SD for the SCD. We assume that news is a fact or an idea that interests a large number of readers as well as journalistic objectivity in the process of production of matter, that is, news is what journalists believe that interests the public. We verified that not everything that is being discussed by society migrate to SCD. We note that the performativity of news becomes one of main factors in this process, which can manifest through two ways. The first is by economic capital and the second by symbolic capital. The result is a change in formulation of Discourse on Science Communication. / Esta dissertação pretende mostrar como os capitais econômico (performatividade) e simbólico influenciam na migração do Discurso da Ciência (DC) para o Discurso da Divulgação Científica (DDC). Escolheu-se como metodologia a Análise do Discurso, de linha francesa. O corpus foi formado por quatro reportagens da revista comercial Superinteressante, referentes aos meses de janeiro, fevereiro, março e maio de 2009. O período foi determinado aleatoriamente. Utilizamos como hipótese a teoria do Agenda Setting como influenciadora do processo de migração do DC para o DDC. Partimos do pressuposto de que notícia é um fato ou uma ideia que interessa a um amplo número de leitores, bem como a objetividade jornalística no processo de produção da matéria. Isto é, notícia é o que os jornalistas acreditam que interessa ao público. Verificamos que nem tudo que está sendo discutido pela sociedade migrará para o DDC. Constatamos que a performatividade da notícia passa a ser um dos fatores principais desse processo, o qual pode se manifestar por meio de duas formas. A primeira é pelo capital econômico e a segunda pelo capital simbólico. O resultado é a alteração da formulação do Discurso da Divulgação Científica.

A escolha dos meios em que se vai comunicar a ciência é uma importante estratégia para progredir na carreira científica ou, simplesmente, garantir o cumprimento da demanda cotidiana. Publicar em periódicos considerados de melhor qualidade e visibilidade tem sido uma exigência cada vez mais comum entre cientistas, sobretudo da área de ciências biomédicas e exatas. A comunicação da ciência nestes quase 350 anos, desde a criação dos primeiros periódicos, ganhou dimensão, prestígio e influência. Nesse cenário, Nature e Science, periódicos centenários e multidisciplinares, estão entre as publicações de maior prestígio na academia mundial. Esta tese de doutorado busca entender a mudança de papel dos periódicos científicos, desde a primeira metade do século XX, e o histórico das contribuições brasileiras para a ciência mundial. Um levantamento sobre tais contribuições foi realizado, por meio de busca no banco de dados internacional Web of Science, totalizando 370 contribuições na Nature (1937- 2009) e 254 contribuições na Science (1936-2009). Também foram realizadas entrevistas com 16 cientistas que publicaram nesses periódicos para entender suas escolhas e os impactos pessoais e profissionais de suas contribuições. À estratégia para difundir e compartilhar informações para a construção da ciência somou-se o marketing científico a priorizar veículos, autores, instituições, áreas do conhecimento, temas, visões, paradigmas. Nature e Science são representantes ativos e paradigmáticos desse novo ciclo da comunicação e da própria percepção sobre a construção da ciência. Suas páginas sugerem um desenvolvimento da ciência feito em saltos qualitativos e revolucionários, o que contribui para uma visão parcialmente deturpada sobre a construção da ciência e, inclusive, para uma percepção distorcida dos próprios cientistas sobre suas colaborações para a ciência mundial, que passam da prioridade do envolvimento intelectual, para a visibilidade e os resultados cientométricos. / The choice of the means to communicate science becomes an important strategy to progress in the scientific career or, simply, to guarantee the fulfillments of daily demands. Publishing in journals considered of better quality and visibility has been a frequent requirement among scientists, mainly from the biomedical and hard sciences. The communication of science in the last 350 years, since the creation of the first journals, has acquired dimension, prestige and influence. In this scenario, Nature and Science, centenarian and multidisciplinary journals, are among the publications of greater prestige in the world-wide academy. This thesis aims at understanding the change of role of scientific journals, since the first half of 20th Century, and describing the Brazilian contributions for international science. A survey on such contributions was carried through, by searching in the international data base Web of Science, which totalized 370 contributions in Nature (1937-2009) and 254 in Science (1936-2009). Interviews had also been carried through with 16 scientists who had published in these journals to understand their choices and the personal and professional impacts of their contributions. The strategy to spread out and share information in order to build science up has been added to the science marketing which prioritizes journals and means of communication, authors, institutions, fields of knowledge, topics, opinions and paradigms according to the interest. Nature and Science represent active and paradigmatic assets of this new cycle of communication and of the perception of the construction of science. They suggest a development of science made in qualitative and revolutionary jumps, which contributes to a partially distorted perception about the construction of science and, also, about the scientists own contributions to science, that once has prioritized the intellectual involvement and now focuses on the visibility and the scietometric results.

Orientador: Germana Fernandes Barata / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T04:08:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Scalfi_GrazieleAparecidadeMoraes_M.pdf: 13101411 bytes, checksum: 00a2843d3941d4f144e71c98a9a9507d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O objetivo principal deste estudo é analisar os livros infantis como instrumento para divulgação científica, em especial os livros com potencial para divulgar a fauna brasileira, e contrapor-se ao livro Mami o quê? - um título infantil e interativo sobre os mamíferos brasileiros, por meio de um estudo de recepção com crianças de 3 a 6 anos do Centro de Convivência Infantil (CECI) da Unicamp. Acredita-se que, quando bem estruturados, os livros infantis podem ser excelentes aliados na divulgação da ciência e que eles podem sensibilizar, desde cedo, o público em relação ao tema, favorecendo a popularização científica e a consolidação de uma cultura científica na sociedade. A leitura é um convite para a criança pensar e fazer novas perguntas, logo, um livro de divulgação científica para crianças não deve ser um tratado sobre um tema científico nem um livro de estudo. A criança não deve se sentir obrigada a ler, mas sim cativada. Adicionalmente, o Brasil é um dos países com maior diversidade biológica do planeta e, ainda assim, a fauna e a flora nativas são pouco conhecidas pela população brasileira. Um dos fatores que contribuem para este cenário é a influência que a mídia exerce pela veiculação de desenhos animados, filmes, jogos e livros infantis que, frequentemente, destacam os grandes mamíferos africanos. Neste cenário, os livros infantis mostram-se um instrumento eficaz para auxiliar na comunicação, introdução e apresentação, desde a infância, da importância do que é genuinamente brasileiro para, quem sabe, despertar para a importância de se preservar essas espécies. De abordagem qualitativa, a pesquisa utilizou-se da análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011) na seleção de livros realizada, para verificar as estratégias adotadas pelos autores para divulgar os conhecimentos da ciência animal e avaliar a linguagem, o conteúdo e a imagem empregados, à luz da divulgação científica. Com um referencial teórico e sólido sobre a literatura infantil como ferramenta para a divulgação da ciência, foi possível avaliar o livro Mami o quê? por meio de atividades relacionadas ao tema e da inserção do exemplar no cotidiano das crianças, bem como, através da opinião dos pais e professores, tendo como instrumento os questionários. Esta pesquisa conclui que a literatura infantil pode ser aliada da divulgação da ciência, porém é preciso que os livros com este propósito se multipliquem. Quando o tema são os animais brasileiros, ainda são poucos os livros que se utilizam da divulgação científica para abordar o tema para crianças. Nesse contexto, o livro Mami o quê? apresentou potencial para divulgar a fauna brasileira, despertando o interesse das crianças, por meio de diferentes práticas. O livro não será capaz de suprir a carência de material sobre o tema ou ainda resolver a questão da divulgação da fauna nacional. Mas, pode contribuir para fortalecer iniciativas na área. Acredita-se que ainda são necessários esforços para produzir atividades que difundam a fauna brasileira, através de diferentes estratégias, tais como livros, filmes, desenhos e jogos. A fauna brasileira precisa ser "descoberta" para ser respeitada, valorizada e conservada / Abstract: The main objective of this study is to analyze children's books as a tool for scientific communication, especially the books with the potential to promote Brazilian fauna, and make a contraposition to the book Mami o quê? - an interactive children's title on Brazilian mammals, through a reception study with children from 3 to 6 years old, of Unicamp Center for Child Living (CECI). It is believed that, when properly structured, children's books can be great allies in the dissemination of science and they can earlier sensitize the public on the topic, favoring science popularization and the consolidation of a scientific culture in society. Reading is an invitation for the child think and ask new questions, so a book of science communication for children should not be a treatise on a scientific theme or a book study. The child should not feel obligated to read, but captivated to. Additionally, Brazil is among the countries with the greatest biodiversity on planet, and yet the native fauna and flora are little known by the Brazilian population. One of the contributing factors to this scenario is the influence that media exerts in placement of cartoons, movies, games and children's books, which often highlight the large African mammals. In this scenario, the children¿s books show to be an effective tool to assist in communication, presentation and introduction, since childhood, to the importance of what is genuinely Brazilian to, perhaps, awaken to the importance of preserving these species. With qualitative approach, the research used content analysis (BARDIN, 2011) in the selection of books carried out to verify the strategies adopted by authors to disseminate the knowledge of animal science and evaluate the used language, content and image, in the light of science. With a solid theoretical framework about children's literature as a tool for the dissemination of science, it was possible to evaluate the book Mami o quê? through activities related to the theme and with the copy inserted in the daily of children, as well as through the opinion of parents and teachers, with the questionnaires as instrument. This research concludes that children's literature can be combined with the dissemination of science, but is needed the multiplication of books with this purpose. When the topic is Brazilian animals, yet there are few books that use scientific publication to approach the issue for children. In this context, the book Mami o quê? has the potential to promote Brazilian fauna, attracting the interest of children, through different practices. The book will not be able to supply the lack of material on the subject or resolve the issue of disclosure of the national fauna. But, can contribute to strengthen initiatives in the area.. It is believed that efforts are still needed to produce activities that disseminate the Brazilian fauna, through different strategies, such as books, movies, cartoons and games. The Brazilian fauna needs to be "discovered" to be respected, valued and conserved / Mestrado / Divulgação Científica e Cultural / Mestra em Divulgação Científica e Cultural

De nombreux articles dans les journaux scientifiques font état du manque de reproductibilité des études biomédicales. Cette « crise de la reproductibilité » ne doit pas être confondue avec les problèmes de fraudes ou de plagiats. Elle recouvre un phénomène plus général aux disciplines scientifiques : un grand nombre de résultats publiés ne sont pas reproduits.Ce manque de reproductibilité n’est pas choquant en soi : la connaissance scientifique est un processus cumulatif qui évolue de résultats prometteurs mais incertains pour arriver à un consensus après réplication des observations par les pairs. L’incertitude est donc inhérente à la recherche en train de se faire. Cependant, cette incertitude ne semble pas être prise en compte dans les interactions entre recherche et société, notamment au travers des médias.Cette thèse s’intéresse à la façon dont l’incertitude est présentée dans les médias en se basant sur l’étude de la couverture médiatique de résultats de la recherche biomédicale dont la validité est connue. Nous avons constitué une large base de données regroupant des résultats de la recherche biomédicale couvrant 3 domaines de la recherche, la psychiatrie, la neurologie et un échantillon de 4 maladies somatiques. Nous avons sélectionné des études décrivant l’association de facteurs de risques (génétiques, environnementaux, biochimiques) avec différentes pathologies. La validité des études initiales a été calculée en comparant leurs résultats à ceux des méta-analyses sur le même sujet. Dans 65% des cas, les résultats des études initiales ne sont pas confirmés par ceux des méta-analyses et ce même si elles sont publiées dans les journaux prestigieux. Nous avons également identifié, parmi les études de la base de données, celles qui avaient retenu l’attention de la presse anglo-saxonne. Celle-ci privilégie les études scientifiques initiales publiées dans des journaux scientifiques prestigieux et présentant des implications directes pour le lecteur. La validité de ces études n’est pas meilleure que celles des publications scientifiques : plus de la moitié n’ont pas été confirmées et la presse ne s’en fait quasiment jamais l’écho. D’autre part, l’analyse du contenu des articles de presse révèle que les journalistes et leurs rédacteurs en chef ne prennent que rarement en compte l’incertitude scientifique. En effet, la majorité des articles précise qu'il s'agit bien d'une découverte initiale, mais seulement 21% mentionnent que la découverte doit être confirmée par des études ultérieures. Ces mentions sont principalement le fait des scientifiques et tendent à disparaître dans les articles les plus récents. Enfin, au travers d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de journalistes scientifiques, nous avons confirmé que ceux-ci utilisaient volontiers les résultats publiés dans les journaux scientifiques prestigieux qu’ils considèrent comme des sources fiables. L’enquête révèle que ces journalistes méconnaissent le fonctionnement de la recherche : les deux tiers ne savent pas que les résultats initiaux sont incertains ou bien confondent incertitude et fraude. Quant au tiers restant, il indique les difficultés à faire valoir cette incertitude auprès de leur hiérarchie respective.Plus généralement, cette thèse discute de l’influence grandissante de facteurs extérieurs à l’activité scientifique dans le processus de production de connaissances. En particulier, la prise en compte par les chercheurs et les institutions scientifiques de critères d’intérêt médiatique pourrait influencer les stratégies de recherche et la fiabilité des résultats scientifiques. D’autre part, la détérioration des conditions de travail des journalistes et leur méconnaissance du fonctionnement de la recherche soulèvent des interrogations importantes sur la pertinence des informations présentées dans la presse et sur la qualité du débat public des questions de santé. / Many academic publications are devoted to the « reproducibility crisis » in biomedical sciences. Their authors distinguish this lack of reproducibility from fraud or plagiarism. This “crisis” deals with a much larger phenomenon encompassing many scientific disciplines: a large amount of scientific results are disconfirmed by subsequent studies.This lack of reproducibility is to be expected: knowledge production is an incremental process where early, promising yet tentative findings are validated through replication. Indeed, scientific results are uncertain per se. The problem, however, is that this uncertainty does not seem to be taken into consideration when science “meets” the public, especially through the media.In this dissertation we studied how the media presented this uncertainty when dealing with biomedical findings. To do so we first created a large, original database of scientific studies investigating the association between risk factors (genetic, biochemical, environmental) and pathologies from three biomedical domains; psychiatry, neurology and a set of four somatic diseases. We evaluated the validity of each initial study by comparing their results to the result of meta-analyses on the same subject. The replication validity is low: 65% of initial studies are disconfirmed by corresponding meta-analysis even when they were published in high-ranking journals. We then identified which studies were selected by the press: initial studies published in prestigious journals and relevant to the readers were preferentially covered. Their validity was nonetheless poor with more than 50% being subsequently invalidated. The press rarely mentioned these frequent invalidations. Analysing the newspaper article contents, we found that journalists and their editors do not deal with scientific uncertainty. Indeed, the majority of newspaper articles referred to the study as being an initial study but only 21% indicated that the results needed to be replicated. Moreover those statements were made by scientists and have become scarce in most recent articles. A survey of 21 science journalists confirmed that journalists still consider high-ranking scientific journals to be reliable sources of information. However, these journalists were not familiar with the incremental process of knowledge production: two-thirds did not know that early findings were uncertain, or confused uncertainty with fraud. The other third knew about the uncertainty of initial results but found it hard to take it into account in their articles because of their respective hierarchy.More generally, the dissertation discusses the influence of extra-scientific factors upon the production of scientific knowledge. We conclude that the scientific assessment process based on the number of papers published in high impact factor journals, combined with the scientific institutions’ orientation towards the media, might undermine the reliability of scientific results, and this in academic publications as well as in the media. Indeed, journalists’ working conditions are deteriorating and most do not seem to properly grasp how scientific facts are produced. This might be damaging for public trust in biomedical research and public debate about health-related issues.

Social networking sites (SNSs) nowadays serve as important platforms for users to engage in public affairs. This study applied the O-S-O-R model to examine the relationship between Facebook and public participation in science and the mediating role of users’ scientific knowledge and self-efficacy. Besides, this study examined the relationship mentioned above by utilizing data collected from two different populations - the general public and the users of the Facebook fan page “Pansci.com,” the biggest scientific online group in Taiwan. Based on a total sample size of 1,960, the result showed that scientific use of Facebook increased scientific knowledge only for “Pansci.com” users. Besides, scientific use of Facebook is positively associated with self-efficacy and public participation in science in both samples. It is noteworthy that the effect of scientific use of Facebook on self-efficacy is stronger for “Pansci.com” users but the effect of self-efficacy on public participation in science is stronger for general users. In addition, self-efficacy serves as a significant mediator in the relationship between scientific use of Facebook and public participation in science in both samples.

This study analyzes how spatial organization impacts science communication at the St. Petersburg Science Festival in Florida. Through map analysis, qualitative interviews, and a close reading of evaluation reports, the author determines that sponsorship, logistics, exhibitor ambience, and map usability and design are the factors most affecting the spatial performance of science. To mitigate their effects, technical communicators can identify these factors and provide the necessary revisions when considering how science is communicated to the public.

Orientador: Ricardo Afonso Teixeira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T09:14:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlini_Marcela_M.pdf: 986349 bytes, checksum: 9d5d894a9176a2161976a4f8cdde685e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: OBJETIVO: A divulgação de notícias relacionadas com a saúde por meio de jornais pode influenciar o comportamento dos pacientes e de profissionais da saúde. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar as características das pesquisas em saúde publicadas por dois dos principais jornais brasileiros. MÉTODO: Foram avaliadas retrospectivamente notícias relacionadas com a saúde publicadas nas versões eletrônicas dos jornais Folha de São Paulo e O Estado de São Paulo ao longo de um período de três meses ( de julho a setembro de 2009) . apenas artigos que citam pesquisas médicas foram incluídos. Os artigos foram categorizados de acordo com o tema , a fonte , a localização do estudo e natureza do título . Analisamos também a presença de informações básicas sobre o tema, citações de periódicos médicos , contextualização e referências a produtos ou empresas nacionais. RESULTADOS : artigos científicos correspondeu a 57 % e 20 % dos artigos relacionados com a saúde publicados pela Folha de São Paulo e O Estado de São Paulo, respectivamente. A Folha de São Paulo publicou significativamente mais artigos sobre estudos nacionais , e a maioria dos artigos foram escritos por seu próprio pessoal. Em contraste , a maioria dos artigos do jornal O Estado de São Paulo vieram de agências de notícias . A Folha também teve seus textos melhor contextualizados para a sociedade brasileira . O Estado tendeu a citar o nome do periódico em que o estudo foi publicado com mais frequência , mas faltou contextualização nacional em seus artigosl. CONCLUSÃO : Os resultados mostram uma diferença significativa na maneira em que os jornais estudados relataram as pesquisas em saúde. A Folha de São Paulo tendeu a escrever seus próprios artigos e mais frequentemente publicou os resultados da pesquisa nacional , enquanto O Estado de São Paulo publicou artigos originados em agências de notícias , a maioria sem contextualização nacional / Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The dissemination of health-related news through newspapers can influence the behavior of patients and of health care providers. We conducted a study to analyze the characteristics of health-related research published by two leading Brazilian newspapers. METHOD: We retrospectively evaluated health-related news published in the electronic versions of the newspapers Folha de São Paulo and O Estado de São Paulo over a period of three months (July through September, 2009). Only articles mentioning medical research were included. The articles were categorized according to topic, source, study location and the nature of the headline. We also analyzed the presence of background information on the topic, citations of medical periodicals, national contextualization and references to products or companies. RESULTS: Scientific research articles corresponded to 57% and 20% of health-related articles published by Folha de São Paulo and O Estado de São Paulo, respectively. Folha de São Paulo published significantly more articles about national studies, and most articles were written by its own staff. In contrast, most articles in O Estado de São Paulo came from news agencies. Folha de São Paulo also better contextualized its reports for Brazilian society. O Estado de São Paulo tended to cite the name of the periodical in which the study was published more frequently, but their articles lacked national contextualization. CONCLUSION: The results showed a significant difference in the way in which the studied newspapers report on health-related research. Folha de São Paulo tends to write its own articles and more frequently publishes the results of national research, whereas O Estado de São Paulo publishes articles that originate in news agencies, most of which have little national contextualization / Mestrado / Divulgação Científica e Cultural / Mestra em Divulgação Científica e Cultural

Die Verbreitung von digitalen und Web 2.0 Technologien führt zu Veränderungen in allen Aspekten der Wissenschaft – Forschung, wissenschaftliche Kommunikation, Zusammenarbeit, Finanzierung, Lehre und Publizieren. ForscherIn zu sein bedeutet, Teil eines wissenschaftlichen Diskurses zu sein. Im klassischen Sinne findet dieser Diskurs in Zeitschriften oder Büchern und durch die Präsentation von Forschungsergebnissen auf Konferenzen oder Workshops statt. Im Zuge neuer vernetzter Technologien, leistungsfähiger Computer und nahezu universellem Netzzugang, hat sich dieser Diskurs zunehmend in digitale Umgebungen verlagert. Digitale und soziale Technologien verändern auch das System der Forschung und der Wissenschaftskommunikation grundlegend. Nicht nur die klassischen Publikationsformate - Bücher, Zeitschriften, Berichte etc. – haben von Druck- auf elektronische Standards umgestellt, auch haben Wissenschaftsblogs, Social Network Sites und Microblogs einen enormen Einfluss auf die wissenschaftliche Kommunikation gewonnen und wissenschaftliche Forschung für breites Publikum geöffnet. [Aus der Einleitung.]

Within the climate science research community there exists an overwhelming consensus on the question of climate change. The scientific literature supports the broad conclusion that the Earth’s climate is changing, that this change is driven by human factors (anthropogenic), and that the environmental consequences could be severe. While a strong consensus exists in the climate science community, this is not reflected in the wider public or among policymakers, where sceptical attitudes towards anthropogenic climate change is much more prevalent. This discrepancy in the perception of the urgency of the problem of climate change is an alarming trend and likely a result of a failure of science communication, which is the topic of this thesis. This paper analyses the visual culture of climate change, with specific focus on the data visualisations comprised within the IPCC assessment reports. The visual aspects of the reports were chosen because of the prioritisation images often receive within scientific communication and for their quality as immutable mobiles that can transition between different media more easily than text. The IPCC is the central institutional authority in the climate science visual discourse, and its assessment reports, therefore, are the site of this discourse analysis. The analysis tracks the development and variations in the IPCC’s visual culture, investigates in detail the use of colour and the visual form of the “Hockey Stick” graph. This work is undertaken to better understand the state of the art of climate science data visualisation, in an effort to suggest the best way forward to bridge the knowledge gap between the scientific community and the public on this important issue. The thesis concludes that a greater emphasis on the information aesthetics of their data visualisations could benefit the IPCC’s pedagogical reach, but that it may also be argued that it is not the IPCC’s role in climate change discourse to produce the most visually persuasive images. That they exist as a tone-setting institution that provides authority to entities that are better geared towards wider communication, such as journalism and activism.

No description available.