Submitted by Jamile Barbosa da Cruz (jamile.cruz@ucsal.br) on 2016-10-25T14:56:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação_versão_depósito_F.pdf: 13126958 bytes, checksum: daecef660e31ea6e327cdb3d2d9f3d04 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Emília Carvalho Ribeiro (maria.ribeiro@ucsal.br) on 2016-12-28T20:48:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação_versão_depósito_F.pdf: 13126958 bytes, checksum: daecef660e31ea6e327cdb3d2d9f3d04 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-28T20:48:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação_versão_depósito_F.pdf: 13126958 bytes, checksum: daecef660e31ea6e327cdb3d2d9f3d04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-23 / Esta pesquisa promoveu a análise crítica da relação jurídico-previdenciária entre o Estado e os povos indígenas, com vistas a verificar como se apresenta a qualidade de segurado do índio relativamente ao Regime Geral de Previdência Social, tendo como pano de fundo a cidadania social. Dessa forma, delimitado o campo de análise, verifica-se que o objeto indica que se trata de uma pesquisa qualitativa. A revisão bibliográfica e a análise documental serviram como métodos para a análise do fenômeno. O estudo evidenciou que, em razão de outras pautas mais urgentes que tocam as causas dos povos indígenas, as questões previdenciárias são prescindidas do cuidado que se requer, tanto pelo Estado quanto pelos interessados. Por outro lado, a importância da previdência social se revela, porque é por meio dela que o Estado ampara o cidadão vinculado ao sistema, em algumas contingências da vida. Como política social, a previdência alcança toda a família do segurado, garantindo o mínimo existencial. Nessa perspectiva, a pesquisa foi dividida em três eixos: no primeiro, foi traçado um panorama histórico da relação entre o Estado e os povos indígenas, desde o período colonial até a Constituição de 1988, tendo como base de sustentação teórica livros e documentos públicos; no segundo, foi analisado o Regime Geral de Previdência Social, sem prescindir de sua contextualização vinculada à crise do Estado e do Welfare State, tendo sido utilizados livros específicos da seara previdenciária e sobre a crise do Estado; no terceiro eixo, verificou-se como se apresenta a qualidade de segurado do índio e se há ou não necessidade de adequação, ante a visão administrativa, por meio da análise de documentos públicos e atos administrativos. Nas considerações finais, a hipótese da pesquisa foi confirmada, revelando que o enquadramento do índio como segurado do Regime Geral de Previdência encontra-se inadequado. / Having social citizenship as background, this research promoted a critical analysis of the legal and social security relationship between the State and indigenous peoples in order to see how the insured status of such peoples are presented by the General Regime for Social Security. After determining the field of analysis, the object of the study suggested the need for a qualitative approach to carry out the research. The methods employed for analyzing the phenomenon included literature review and document analysis. The study revealed that due to other pressing agendas related to the indigenous peoples, social security issues have been neglected not only by the State, but also by the concerned ones. On the other hand, the importance of social security was acknowledged as it is through such means that the State maintains citizens affiliated to the system in some contingencies of life. As a social policy, social security reaches the families of the insured ones. From this perspective, the present research was divided into three parts. Firstly, a historical overview of the relationship between the State and the indigenous peoples was outlined (from the colonial period up to the 1988 Constitution), having books and public documents as theoretical support. Secondly, the General Regime for Social Security was analyzed without disregarding its contextualization linked to the crisis of the State and to the Welfare State. Such analysis was carried out by using specific books on social security and on the crisis of the State. Thirdly, and also by researching via public documents and administrative acts, the insured status of the indigenous peoples was analyzed in order to find out whether it needs to be adapted by the administrative viewpoint. In the final considerations, the research hypothesis was confirmed by disclosing that the adjustment of indigenous peoples into the General Regime for Social Security is inadequate.

A solidariedade social é princípio fundante do Estado e do Direito, elevada na disciplina constitucional a núcleo do ordenamento jurídico. Na fase atual de evolução da civilização, o Direito Social, a construção da solidariedade social implica a realização concreta das finalidades constitucionais de inclusão e justiça sociais, na perspectiva material e teleológica da democracia, por meio dos instrumentos tributários e financeiros necessários, com a participação do Estado e da sociedade no financiamento da consecução daquelas atividades-fim. Uma das expressões da solidariedade social do Direito Social na sociedade capitalista baseada na exploração do trabalho é a existência efetiva da Previdência Social, que proteja os trabalhadores de infortúnios. A proteção da universalidade dos trabalhadores em Regime Geral de filiação obrigatória realiza a aspiração de solidariedade social. A filiação obrigatória enseja segurança obrigatória, e independe do atendimento do caráter contributivo no caso concreto, tendo em vista a estrutura de normas constitucionais integradas protetivas do trabalhador, que não induzem a interpenetração das relações jurídicas previdenciária e tributária decorrentes do trabalho, que são autônomas, distintas e incomunicáveis, à exceção dos prazos de carência, quando exigidos, em certos casos. A interpretação conforme a solidariedade social, a partir da experiência da teoria hermenêutica, da estrutura constitucional dos regimes de previdência, evidencia a impropriedade flagrante com que o instituto vem sendo tratado na doutrina, nos tribunais e na atividade legislativa decorrente. Este trabalho propõe a reconstrução da interpretação do instituto, com a apresentação de sua construção histórica e dos desvios da experiência pós-constitucional, para dar contornos claros ao conteúdo jurídico conforme as aspirações democráticas do pacto social traduzido na Constituição da República. / Social solidarity is a founding principle of the State and of law. The historic building of the democratic state of law raised the constitutional discipline to the core of law. At the current stage of development of society, the social law, building social solidarity implies the concrete realization of the constitutional purposes of inclusion and social justice at material and teleological perspectives of democracy, through tax and financial instruments needed, with the participation of State and society in financing activities for the achievement of those goals. One of the expressions of social solidarity at Social Law is the actual existence of Social Security, which protects workers from misfortunes. The protection of the universality of workers at the General Board of compulsory membership performs the aspiration for social solidarity. The compulsory membership entails mandatory security, and independent of the contributory duty situation, given the structure of integrated protective constitutional requirements of the worker, who did not induce fluency of social security and tax legal relations arising from the fact itself of working, except in certain situations. The interpretation under social solidarity, at the experience of hermeneutical theory and the constitutional structure of pension schemes, demonstrates the blatant impropriety with which the institute is being addressed in the doctrine, the courts and the resulting legislative activity. This paper proposes the reconstruction of the interpretation of the institute, with the presentation of its historical construction and deviations from post- constitutional experience, to enlighten the legal content as the democratic aspirations of the social pact translated in the Constitution outlines.

This study compares the legal principles applicable in both South Africa and Kenya in the creation of security by means of movables. It identifies the forms of security that can be created in the two jurisdictions. The main focus will be on the creation, publicity, priority of security interest and enforcement of the said interests. The research will in addition establish the challenges (if any) that are encountered when creating security by means of movables in Kenya and identify practical solutions that can be adopted in order to improve the creation of security by means of movables in Kenya. / Private Law / LL. M. (Property Law)

This study compares the legal principles applicable in both South Africa and Kenya in the creation of security by means of movables. It identifies the forms of security that can be created in the two jurisdictions. The main focus will be on the creation, publicity, priority of security interest and enforcement of the said interests. The research will in addition establish the challenges (if any) that are encountered when creating security by means of movables in Kenya and identify practical solutions that can be adopted in order to improve the creation of security by means of movables in Kenya. / Private Law / LL. M. (Property Law)

This thesis considers the typical structure and requirements of a traditional securitisation scheme in South Africa. The models used in other jurisdictions cannot be applied unchanged in South Africa. South African securitisation structures make use of a security special purpose vehicle (SPV), because of uncertainties about the provisions of the Companies Act 61 of 1973 relating to the trustee for debenture-holders. An evaluation of the functioning of a security SPV leads to the conclusion that a trustee for debenture-holders should still be appointed within the security SPV structure to represent the interests of the investors. The trust for debenture-holders can be a true trust. The use of general notarial bonds over claims, pledges of claims and fiduciary security cession is examined to determine the effectiveness of each one during securitisation. Aspects of several Acts, Notices and other regulatory measures are considered where they are relevant to securitisation. Of specific importance is the Exemption Notice Relating to Securitisation Schemes, 2008. The Notice requires that both rights and obligations of the originator must be transferred to the SPV. The requirement that the obligations of the originator must be transferred leads to the conclusion that the Notice requires a transfer of claims by means of cession and a transfer of duties by means of delegation. For several reasons, delegation is not a suitable method of transfer during securitisation. Foremost among these reasons is that delegation is a form of novation, which means that the claims cease to exist and are replaced with new claims between the debtors and the SPV. Security rights that were accessory to these claims will then also cease to exist. The amendment to the Notice is recommended so that transfer of claims by means of cession will suffice for compliance with the Notice. The South African courts‘ approach to simulated transactions is evaluated to determine the possibility that the sale of the assets to the SPV may be viewed as a simulated transaction. This thesis evaluates the provisions in insolvency law that could be raised to impeach the sale of the assets in the event of the originator‘s insolvency. The risk of avoidance of the transaction on either ground is small. / Mercentile Law / L.L.D. (Mercentile Law)

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van saaklike sekerheidstelling is om 'n saak as eksekusievoorwerp tot die beskikking van die kredietgewer te stel. Vorderingsregte as sekerheidsobjekte voldoen hieraan en moet daarom as deel van die saakbegrip beskou word. Vorderingsregte word in die praktyk as sekerheidsobjekte aangewend of by wyse van sekerheidsessies of deur middel van die registrasie van 'n notariele verband daaroor. Alhoewel die regspraak by sekerheidsessies voorkeur gee aan 'n verpandingskonstruksie, is Scott van mening dat 'n algehele sekerheidsessie nog moontlik is. Die toepassing van die verpandingskonstruksie lewer aanvaarbare resultate en voldoen meestal aan die kontrakterende partye se behoeftes. Die vereiste van publisiteit by pandreg sal egter in sekere gevalle nie vir die partye aanvaarbaar wees nie en kan algehele sekerheidsessies hier 'n oplossing bied. By notariele verbande is die bestaande posisie ingevolge waarvan 'n onderskeid gemaak word tussen liggaamlike en onliggaamlike sake as sekerheidsobjekte, onuithoudbaar en is wetgewing in die verband nodig. The aim of real security is to have objects available to a creditor for execution. Personal rights may be used for this purpose and should therefore be included in the definition of property. In practise claims (personal rights) are used as security objects by way of a security cession or through the registration of a notarial bond over the claims. Although the courts give preference to personal rights in security by way of pledge, Scott is of the opinion that these decisions do not exclude out-and-out security cessions. The results that application of the law of pledge causes, are acceptable and will mostly fulfil the need of the parties. In certain situations the requirement of publicity will however be unacceptable in which instance out-and-out security cessions may be the solution. The current position where a distinction is made between corporeal and incorporeal property as security objects, is unacceptable and legislation is needed in this regard. / Private Law / LL.M.

This study examines why Japan and Switzerland have chosen to keep the vocabulary of Article 9 and neutrality, respectively, and to reinterpret their definitions to suit their needs (policy reinterpretation), instead of simply abandoning the original policy and replacing it with a new, more suitably worded policy that clarifies the changing policy position of the government (policy abandonment). By analyzing the legal history of the overseas capabilities of the Japanese Self-Defense Forces and the Swiss Armed Forces, as well as the actions and influences of the government, political parties, and the public, this study finds the following trends. First, the government tends to refrain from policy abandonment either due to perceived public opposition or benefits in international negotiations. Second, party resistance is not an significantly influential factor in the choice of policy abandonment over policy reinterpretation. Finally, public opinion is influential, but self-contradictory; often supporting the change in policy (increased overseas capabilities of armed forces) but opposing the concept of policy abandonment due to high attachment to the respective policies of Article 9 and neutrality.

Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Section 197 of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 ensures the transfer of a contract of employment from an old employer to a new employer on the transfer of a business as a gomg concern. Although section 197 is mostly based on European and British statutes and regulations, one should not rely on foreign provisions when interpreting section 197 without careful consideration. It is only when we understand the inherent limitations of applying these provisions, that they can be of any help to formulate definitions for the terms "transfer", "business" and "going concern". The two most important effects that section 197 has, is that it ensures the transfer of the contract of employment and that it protects the terms and conditions of employment when such a transfer takes place. Unfortunately, this section does not regulate dismissal on the transfer of a business. Section 197 also does not deal satisfactorily with the transfer of contracts of employment on the transfer of an insolvent business. As a result of the above-mentioned and other shortcomings of the current section 197, it was decided to amend the Act. The Labour Relations Amendment Bill 2000 relies heavily on precedents from foreign law, but unfortunately it does not adequately address all the current problems. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Artikel 197 van die Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge 66 van 1995 verseker die oordrag van 'n dienskontrak van 'n ou werkgewer na 'n nuwe werkgewer by die oordrag van 'n besigheid as 'n lopende onderneming. Alhoewel artikel 197 gebaseer is op Europese en Britse wetgewing en regulasies, moet die leser versigtig wees om sulke bepalings sonder skroom aan te wend by die interpretrasie van artikel 197. Wanneer ons die inherente beperkings daarvan begryp, mag die bepalings van hulp wees om definisies te vorm van die begrippe "oordrag", "besigheid" en "lopende onderneming". Artikel 197 het hoofsaaklik twee uitwerkings: dit fasiliteer die oordrag van die dienskontrak en verseker dat die terme en voorwaardes van indiensneming onveranderd bly. Die artikel reguleer nie ontslag by die oordrag van 'n besigheid nie. Artikel 197 reguleer ook nie genoegsaam die oordrag van dienskontrakte waar 'n insolvente besigheid oorgedra word nie. As gevolg van bogenoemde en ander tekortkominge is besluit om die Wet te wysig. Die Wysigingswetsontwerp op Arbeidverhoudinge 2000 steun op buitelandse presedente, maar spreek ongelukkig ook nie al die huidige probleme suksesvol aan nie.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleber Regian Paganelli.pdf: 1278812 bytes, checksum: cb7354985e297d63bafa31b40f2d14b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-20 / Labor Law and Social Security Law currently represent two autonomous fields of Legal Science, and encompass the idea of protection for the working person, especially the employee under a work contract. Labor Law is responsible for protecting labor rights, whereas Social Security Law includes a significant number of provisions, represented by benefits and services available to the employee whenever he/she is faced with the contingencies which this field of law seeks to cover. The ultimate goal of this study is to analyze the impact of social security benefits on the individual work contract. To this end, we provide a brief overview of labor concepts, especially those regarding the work contract itself. Next, we present a few established social security laws in order to allow for a better comprehension of that which is the essence of this paper, that is, the theoretical and practical implications of social security benefits of Regime Geral de Previdência Social (General Social Security System and Special Social Security) RGPS on the work contract. Among all the benefits currently provided by the RGPS, we have not touched on the issue of pension benefit due to death, neither that of the reclusion aid, as they both involve benefits for the dependents of the insured individual, and therefore do not require debates regarding work contracts. Finally, we were able to establish that the social security benefits have a greater or lesser impact on the work contract, depending on each specific benefit, as they guard against different social risks / Direito do Trabalho e Direito Previdenciário representam na atualidade dois ramos autônomos da Ciência Jurídica, e encerram a ideia de proteção à pessoa que trabalha, em especial àquele trabalhador submetido a um contrato de trabalho subordinado. O Direito do Trabalho é responsável pela garantia de direitos trabalhistas, ao passo que o Direito Previdenciário contém um rol expressivo prestações, representadas por benefícios e serviços que estão à disposição do empregado quando este estiver sujeito às contingências que este ramo do direito objetiva amparar. O propósito último desse estudo é analisar o reflexo dos benefícios previdenciários no contrato individual de trabalho. Para tanto, fez-se uma breve exposição de conceitos trabalhistas, sobretudo no que diz respeito ao próprio contrato de trabalho. Em seguida foram descritos alguns institutos do Direito Previdenciário, a fim de permitir uma melhor compressão daquilo que é a essência dessa obra, qual seja, as implicações teóricas e práticas dos benefícios previdenciários do Regime Geral de Previdência Social RGPS no contrato de trabalho. De todos os benefícios que atualmente o RGPS dispõe, não se tratou acerca da pensão por morte, nem tampouco do auxílio-reclusão, por serem benefícios destinados aos dependentes do segurado e, portanto, não demandam debates frente ao contrato de trabalho. Ao final, foi possível constatar que os benefícios previdenciários impactam em maior ou menor medida no contrato de trabalho, a depender de cada benefício em específico, haja vista que tutelam riscos sociais distintos

Face à l’émiettement que connaît actuellement le droit des sûretés, écartelé entre une multitude d’institutions nouvelles et marqué par une importante diversité de sources, il importe de tenter de réorganiser cette matière autour d’une méthode législative éprouvée, celle oppposant le droit commun au droit spécial. Si le droit commun peut correspondre à un ensemble de règles applicables à toutes les sûretés qu’elles soient réelles ou personnelles, il peut également être entendu comme les règles et principes fondamentaux de la matière, règles et principes qui lui donneraient son orientation générale et dont découleraient nombre de ses dispositions particulières. Un régime primaire à l’ensemble des sûretés n’est pas envisageable. Seul un régime primaire des sûretés personnelles, puis des sûretés réelles peut se concevoir. En revanche, au niveau de l’ensemble des garanties, des principes directeurs innervant la matière peuvent être identifiés et sont au nombre de deux : la règle de l’accessoire et l’exigence de neutralité économique d’une sûreté. C’est autour de ces deux principes que le droit des sûretés doit s’ordonner. / Nowadays, French security law is divided into many different mechanisms and comes various sources of law. This situation leads to incoherent law so that a revision of this field appears to be necessary. This can be realized from the french notion of “droit commun”, which confronts general rules with special rules. Two fundamental principles can be identifed : the “accessory rule” and economic neutrality of the guaranty. These two principles are the sources of many solutions and could be an explanation for lots of difficulties in the future.