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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Risk perception during conditionally automated driving in low fidelity simulator

D’Alessandro, Carmine January 2020 (has links)
This work focuses on the type-3 self-driving cars, partially autonomous vehicles which can control themselves for most of the time and may ask the driver to take control of the car in case of specific situations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the perception of the simulated risk faced by the participants in a low fidelity simulation in relation with their background: the gaming and driving experience. The participants of the study drove in the simulator and answered a questionnaire about both the driving session and the background information. The simulated risk was assessed and compared with the information from the questionnaire. It was evaluated both the performance of each participant represented by the level of risk experienced while driving the simulation and the correct identification of the risk faced. The result data highlighted a positive correlation between the driving performance and the videogame experience.
42

Exploring societal impacts of self-driving public transport using four-step transport models

Almlöf, Erik January 2022 (has links)
During the last decade, self-driving technology has become increasingly visible in the news, with the vision that people would enter vehicles that drive themselves, and that people could instead rest, read the newspaper, or have a meeting. However, these visions have mainly focused on the potential for car usage, even though public transport could benefit greatly from self-driving technology. For bus traffic, the bus driver accounts for half of the cost of driving, and savings on personnel costs could, for example, be reinvested in expanded public transport service or used to lower taxes. At the same time, more research has shown potential problems linked to self-driving technology, for example that more comfortable driving would lead to more traffic, which in turn would lead to increased emissions, higher noise levels in cities or further focus on car-centric infrastructure. For public transport, the driver's role in creating safety and acting as problem solvers has also been emphasized - who should I ask for directions if there is no knowledgeable driver on board? Various methods have previously been used to explore the social effects of self-driving technology and in this dissertation I have used so-called "four-stage models", more specifically the Swedish transport model Sampers. Four-stage models have been used for 50 years to evaluate effects on the transport system from e.g. infrastructure changes, but these models face new challenges, handling vehicles that drive by themselves. In my research, I have adjusted the model to simulate self-driving technology and investigated what effects this has on, for example, traffic volumes and emissions. In the three articles that are part of the dissertation, I have four main conclusions: Self-driving technology can mean large savings in costs for public transport, primarily for bus traffic but also to some extent for rail traffic. In addition, a smoother driving behaviour would mean more comfortable travel, which would increase the attractiveness of public transport. In addition, public transport not limited by, for example, driver schedules or current commercial conditions, could develop new types of services, such as on-demand public transport. Four-stage models have previously been used to model the transport system and have been shown to have good results, at least at an overall level. Within my research, I have made some adaptations of these models to mimic self-driving technology, but the models in their current form cannot consider, for example, vehicle sharing. It is important to point out that bus and train drivers currently perform many tasks that are not directly related to the driving of the vehicle, such as answering questions, maintaining social order among passengers and taking care of faults that occur during the trip. Today, self-driving technology cannot fulfil these roles. Self-driving technology for public transport would affect people's accessibility, driving style for vehicles, safety on board, how we plan traffic and the people who currently work as drivers. In fact, a multitude of societal effects have been identified, affecting all areas of transport. In addition, the effects are generally not similar across geographies, time units or for different actors, which further emphasizes that the total effect is not easy to summarize. / Självkörande teknik har under det senast decenniet synts allt mer i media, med målet att människor ska slippa köra själv på väg till jobbet, och istället kunna vila, läsa tidningen eller hålla ett möte. Dessa visioner har dock i huvudsak fokuserat på just bilen, trots att kollektivtrafiken skulle kunna dra stor nytta av självkörande teknik. För busstrafik står bussföraren för hälften av kostnaden för att köra trafiken, och besparingar på personalkostnader skulle t ex kunna återinvesteras i mer utökad kollektivtrafik, lägre skatter eller utökad välfärd inom andra områden. Samtidigt så har alltmer forskning visat på potentiella problem kopplat till självkörande teknik, exempelvis att den mer bekväma körningen skulle leda till mer trafik som i sin tur leder till mer utsläpp, höjda bullernivåer i städer eller ytterligare fokus på bilcentrerad infrastruktur. För kollektivtrafiken har även förarens roll som trygghetsskapande och som problemlösare lyfts fram – vem ska jag fråga om vägen om det inte finns en kunnig förare ombord?  Olika metoder har tidigare använts för att utforska samhällseffekterna av självkörande teknik, i den här avhandlingen har jag använt mig av så kallade ”fyrstegsmodeller”, mer specifikt den svenska transportmodellen Sampers. Fyrstegsmodeller har använts i uppemot 50 år för att utvärdera effekter på transportsystemet, men har ställts inför nya krav på att hantera fordon som körs av sig själva. Inom min forskning har jag gjort anpassningar av modellen för att simulera självkörande teknik och undersökt vilka effekter detta får på t ex trafikvolymer och utsläpp. I de tre vetenskapliga artiklarna som är del av avhandlingen har jag kommit fram till fyra huvudsakliga slutsatser: Självkörande teknik kan innebära stora besparingar i kostnader för kollektivtrafiken, i första hand för busstrafik men även i viss mån för spårtrafik. Därutöver skulle en mer jämn körstil innebära bekvämare resor, vilket skulle öka kollektivtrafikens attraktionskraft. Därutöver kan kollektivtrafik som inte begränsas av t ex förarscheman eller nuvarande kommersiella villkor kunna innebära nya tjänster, såsom efterfrågestyrd (”on-demand”) kollektivtrafik.  Fyrstegsmodeller har tidigare använts för att modellera transportsystemet och visat sig ha god överenstämmelse med verkligheten, åtminstone på övergripande nivå. Inom ramen för min forskning har jag gjort anpassningar av Sampers för att efterlikna självkörande teknik, men modellerna kan i sin nuvarande form inte ta hänsyn till t ex delande av fordon.  Det är viktigt att påpeka att förare idag utför många uppgifter som inte direkt är kopplade till framförandet av fordonet, såsom att svara på frågor, upprätthålla ordning bland resenärer och att ta hand om fel som uppstår på fordonet. Dessa roller kan självkörande teknik idag inte uppfylla.  De samhällseffekter som identifierats är överlag varierande och mångfaldiga. Självkörande teknik för kollektivtrafik skulle påverka människors tillgänglighet, körstilen för fordonen, tryggheten ombord, hur vi planerar trafiken och de personer som idag arbetar som förare. Dessutom är effekterna generellt sett inte likartade över geografi, tidsenhet eller för olika aktörer, vilket ytterligare understryker att effekten inte är enkel att sammanfatta.
43

Development of Swarm Traffic Algorithms : Road detection within an ellipse / Utveckling av Svärmtrafikalgoritmer : Vägdetektion inom en ellips

Dal Mas, Massimiliano January 2021 (has links)
The latest trends in autonomous vehicles research gave rise to the needs for specific tools to validate and test such systems. The estimations state that to consider an autonomous vehicle statistically safe, it should drive for thousands of kilometres using traditional validation methods. This process would take a long time. Furthermore, an update in the software, would require to re-run those kilometres. Therefore, the testing must be performed exploiting virtual simulations that should realistically reflect the real world. One way to perfor msuch simulations is to let the vehicle model drive down a road map and control the surrounding traffic. To be effective, spawned traffic should not be generated too far from the target vehicle. The OpenSCENARIO standard offers a feature restricting such traffic within an ellipse centred in the central object (target vehicle). This thesis investigated what technique was more efficient and scalable to detect viable roads within the ellipse to spawn stochastic traffic on. The explored solutions are two: an analytical approach and an adaptation of the AABB tree algorithm. The research started with simple cases and incremented the scenario’s complexity during the development. Through this methodology, each technique’s positive aspects and limits have been highlighted, allowing a comparison to be made. / De senaste trenderna i autonoma fordon har ökat behovet av specifika verktyg för att validera och testa sådana system. För att kunna betrakta ett autonomt fordon som statistiskt säkert, ska enligt uppskattningar autonoma fordon köra tusentals kilometer med traditionella valideringsmetoder. Denna process skulle ta mycket lång tid. Dessutom skulle en uppdatering i mjukvaran kräva att alla dessa tusentals kilometer att körs igen. Därför måste testningen utföras med hjälp av virtuella simuleringar som bör efterlikna den reella världen realistiskt. Ett sätt att genomföra dessa simuleringar är att låta en autonom fordonsmodell köra genom ett vägnät och kontrollera kringliggande trafik. För att vara effektiv, bör kringliggande trafik inte genereras för långt bort från autonoma fordonsmodellen. OpenSCENARIO-standarden innehåller en funktion som begränsar genererad trafik inom en ellips centrerad kring fordonsmodellen. Detta examensarbete undersökte vilka tekniker som är mest effektiva och skalbara för att detektera relevanta vägar inom ellipsen att generera stokastisk trafik på. De två lösningar som studerades var: en analytisk och en numerisk som använde sig av AABB-träd-algoritmen. Utförandet började med simpla fall som successivt ökade till mer avancerade scenarion. Genom denna metodik blev varje tekniks positiva aspekter samt begränsningar belysta och jämförbara.
44

Autonomous Compaction Roller : Temporarily convert a non autonomous compaction machine to become autonomous during endurance testing

Tuma Fischer, Sebastian, Sundblad, Jojje January 2018 (has links)
How can a non-autonomous compaction roller be converted to become temporarily autonomous while it performs a 500hours endurance test? Particularlysince the compaction rollers in question is not built to be autonomous and shall not be autonomous after the endurance test is completed. The autonomous system shall also be adaptable to all compaction rollers which Dynapac is developing and shall be moved to another machine when the endurance test is completed. In this thesis a concept is engineered of how the whole autonomous system will work and a prototype is fabricated of how to convert the current manual mechanical steering to be performed by a computer. The steering prototype has been tested on a Dynapac CC4200 double drumasphalt compaction roller and worked as intended. To develop this, anextensive risk analysis is also established andwith it a requirements list of what's needed to be fulfilled when performing autonomous testing of a compaction roller. The work has been done using the method “design thinking” which is a collection of multiple methods to create new concepts and ideas. The final concept resulted in a navigation system which uses GNSS for path planning and limitation of the operation area. It also uses radar to detect foreign objects in its path to prevent a collision. Multiple systems arealso proposed to be used for malfunction detection of the roller, which is a major part of a human operator’sjob when testing out new machines. The test track for the machine was undefined and also hadto be engineeredas part of the concept. It resultedin closing the area of operation with a mesh fence to prevent access to the area from unauthorised personnel and geo-fence to prevent the machine from escaping. Access to the area is only granted to authorized personnel and only when the autonomous rolleris shut off. Due to the machines in question isn’t fully developed, theycan’t be trusted enough to have people inside the area of operation asthe autonomous machineis operating. / Hur kanen icke-autonom vägvältomvandlas tillatt bli tillfälligt autonom medan den utför ett 500timmar långttidsprov?Särskilt sedanvägvältenifrågainte ärbyggd för att vara autonom och ska intevara autonom efter attlångtidsprovetär slutfört. Det autonoma systemet skaävenkunna anpassas tillalla vältar som Dynapac utvecklar och ska flyttas till en annan maskin närlångtidsprovetär klart. Idenna avhandling konstrueras ett koncept för hur hela det autonoma systemet kommer att fungera ochenprototyp tillverkaspå hur man konverterar den nuvarande manuella mekaniska styrningen till attstyras av en dator. Styrprototypen testades på en Dynapac CC4200 asfaltsvält med dubbla valsar ochfungerade bra. En omfattande riskanalys utvecklades ochlika såen kravlista över vad som behöveruppnås vid autonom testning av en vägvält. Arbetet har gjorts med hjälp av metoden “designthinking”, vilket är en samling av flera metoder för att skapa nya koncept och idéer. Det slutgiltigakonceptet resulterade i ett navigationssystem som använder GNSS för navigering och begränsning avkörområdet. Den använder också radar för att upptäcka främmande föremål i sin vägvilketförhindrarkollision. Flera system föreslås användasförfunktionsfelsdetektering på välten, vilket är en viktig delav en mänskligoperatörs arbetevid provning av nya maskiner. Maskinen kommer att vara i ett slutetområde som är avskilt med ett nätstängsel.Tillträde till området ges endast till behörig personal ochendast när den autonoma välten är avstängd. På grund avmaskinerna ifråga inte är fullt utvecklade,kan de inte litas på tillräckligt för att ha personer inom körområdet medan det autonoma systemet är idrift.
45

Eye Tracker Analysis of Driver Visual Focus Areas at Simulated Intersections

Mauk, Jake W. 11 December 2020 (has links)
No description available.
46

Me & AI

Schaffeld, Mario January 2022 (has links)
Seeking a valuable and relevant topic for the future of mobility. the author came across the pain point trust in relation to artificial intelligence. Advances in the creation of artificial intelligence and deep learning ensure that our everyday lives are increasingly shaped by algorithms, sometimes consciously, sometimes unconsciously.For many people, this idea causes discomfort, and especially in situations of one‘s own vulnerability, the question of how an AI will handle more responsible tasks in the future will be essential. The automotive industry will also be shaped by this issue. In the intelligent car of the future, people will at least partially relinquish both control and privacy. Autonomous driving will be a test of trust for future users, as will the question of digital ethics and the collection of private data. In this thesis, a possible answer to the question was explored, how we can shape the approach and interaction with technology - especially artificial intelligence - in the future in order to create trustf uluser experiences. For this purpose, beyond the formal-aesthetic elaboration, the main focus was on interactive solutions and communication with AI, how an AI behaves in the vehicle and how it can contribute to making users feel comfortable in such a context. BMW Me&AI describes a scenario in which potential customers get to know an intelligent vehicle for the first time and are carefully introduced to its processes and possibilities. Inspired by soft robotics, the presented interior design is mainly defined by a holistic concept of soft interaction surfaces. Three basic scenarios are described in which passengers have the freedom to either look over AI‘s shoulder, sit back and focus on other things, or be completely on their own. This created a result that became unique in its dynamics and degree of adaptability and posed a real challenge, especially for the creative process, which in retrospect clearly paid off.
47

Remote Control Operation of Autonomous Cars Over Cellular Network Using PlayStation Controller

Hemlin, Karl, Persson, Frida January 2019 (has links)
A big challenge regarding the development of autonomous vehicles is how to handle complex situations. If an autonomous vehicle ends up in a situation where it cannot make a decision on its own it will cause the car to stop, unable to continue driving. For these situations, human intervention is required. By making it possible to control the car remotely there is no need for an actual human in the car. Instead, a human operator can remotely control one or several cars from a distance. The purpose of this project was to identify such complex situations, evaluate remote control options and implement one of these controllers to drive the SVEA cars in the Smart Mobility Lab. After evaluation of possible remote control options, the PlayStation controller was chosen to be the simplest and most intuitive steering option. The controller was successfully implemented first in simulation and then on the SVEA cars in the Smart Mobility Lab. A test track was designed to measure the performance of the implemented controller and to be able to measure user-friendliness through a survey. It was concluded that a majority of the participants would not feel comfortable steering a real car using the PlayStation controller. However, a more extensive evaluation would be required to draw any major conclusions.
48

Overseeing Intersection System for Autonomous Vehicle Guidance

Adolfsson, Alexander, Arrhenius, Daniel January 2019 (has links)
Intersections represents one of the most common accident sites in traffic today. The biggest cause of accidents is obstructed view and subpar communication between vehicles. Since autonomous vehicles rely on sensors that require a direct view intersections are some of the most complex situations. Where the potential for inter vehicular communication exists between modern vehicles, it is absent in the older generation. An overseeing intersection system can fill this function during the transition period to fully autonomous traffic. This project aimed to implement an intersection system to assist autonomous vehicles through a crossroad. The assist system’s objective was to collect and transmit data from cars close to the junction to the autonomous vehicles nearby. The concept was tested in simulations by having models traverse a crossroad to evaluate how it utilised the external information. No persistent conclusion could be made due to insufficient simulation environment and vehicle model control.
49

Gatuutformning med autonoma fordon. : En undersökning över möjliga förändringar i Stockholm. / Street design with autonomous vehicles. : A survey of possible changes in Stockholm.

Unell, Mathias, Ruuska, Natalie January 2019 (has links)
Utvecklingen med automatiserade funktioner i fordon går framåt och i framtiden är det möjligt att bilen är helt självkörande. Stockholm växer och även trafiken vilket medför utmaningar att lösa som exempelvis att öka framkomligheten, tillgänglighet och hållbarhet. Därför har Stockholms stad tagit fram mål för tydliggöra vad det framtida gaturummen ska uppfylla. Syftet med denna rapport var att sammanställa information om hur autonoma fordon kan påverka gatuutformningen samt jämföra resultatet med målen om gatuplanering i Stockholms stad. Resultatet visade att autonoma fordon kan möjliggöra en ökad delningsekonomi inom transportsystemet där allt färre människor äger ett eget fordon. I stället kan fordonen ingå i nya mobilitetslösningar. Detta kan medföra en förbättrad markanvändning och nya möjligheter till hur vi använder gaturummen. Exempelvis nämns gaturummet kunna stängas av för trafik efter rusningstid och ge plats för andra aktiviteter. Resultatet visade även att fordonenen har behov för mer integrerad teknik i gaturummen samt krav på högre läsbarhet av linjemarkeringar och vägmärken. En slutsats som kunde dras var att många utav Stockholms stads mål kan uppnås, exempelvis miljömål, mindre trängsel och högre trafiksäkerhet. Av resultatet framgår det att de två viktigaste faktorerna är den politiska och tekniska utveckling kring autonoma fordon. / The development with automated functions in vehicles is moving forward and in the future it is possible that cars is completely self-driving. Stockholm is growing and also the traffic, which poses challenges to solve, such as increasing accessibility, availability and sustainability. Therefore, the City of Stockholm has developed goals for clarifying what the future street areas should fulfill. The purpose of this report was to compile information on how autonomous vehicles can influence street design and compare the results with the goals of street planning in the City of Stockholm. The result showed that autonomous vehicles can enable an increased sharing economy within the transport system, which means that fewer people own their own vehicle. Instead, the vehicles can be included in new mobility solutions. This can lead to improved land use and new opportunities for how we use the street space. For example, the street room is mentioned as being able to be switched off for traffic after rush hour and providing space for other activities. The results also showed that the vehicles need more integrated technology in the street space and requirements for higher readability of line markings and road signs. One conclusion was that many of Stockholm's goals can be achieved, such as environmental goals, less congestion and higher road safety. The result shows that the two most important factors are the political and technical development of autonomous vehicles.
50

AutoTruck : Automated docking with internal sensors / Självparkerande lastbil

Andersson, Oscar, Molin, Lucas January 2018 (has links)
The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to discover howan articulated vehicle can park itself using a pre-definedparking path with a combination of ultrasonic sensors aswell as a rotary angle sensor.The project was divided into two parts: constructing asmall scale demonstrator and the software controlling thedemonstrator. The demonstrator was constructed from offthe-shelf components and custom parts. The truck was designedbased on a rear wheel driven truck with Ackermannsteering. The localization of a parking spot and measuringother distances was done with ultrasonic sensors and thehitch angle was measured by a rotary angle sensor.The performance of the demonstrator was evaluated bymeasuring the trailers angle difference from the center lineof the parking spot.The performance was deemed to be reasonably goodwith successful parkings in 8 out of 10 attempts. / Kandidatarbetet syftar till att undersöka hur ett ledatfordon kan parkera sig självt efter en förbestämd parkeringsruttmed en kombination av flera ultraljudssensorersamt en vinkelgivare.Projektet består av två delar; konstruktion av ett miniatyrfordonsamt mjukvaran som styr fordonet. Fordonettillverkades från butiksköpta komponenter och skräddarsyddadelar. Lastbilens design var baserad p°a en bakhjulsdrivenAckermannstyrd lastbil. Identifieringen av en parkeringsplatssamt avståndsmätning hanterades av ultraljudssensoreroch hitch vinkeln mättes av en vinkelgivare.Miniatyrfordonets prestanda utvärderades genom attmäta släpets vinkelskillnad från centerlinjen av parkeringsplatsen.Prestandan ansågs att vara tillräckligt god med lyckadeparkeringar i 8 av 10 tester.

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