Submitted by PPG Economia do desenvolvimento (economia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-01-19T12:58:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUIZ_FELIPE_CAMPOS_FONTES_DIS.pdf: 1157438 bytes, checksum: 5c0dc0f464a309e26c0d2b33d1a2d147 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-01-29T12:05:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LUIZ_FELIPE_CAMPOS_FONTES_DIS.pdf: 1157438 bytes, checksum: 5c0dc0f464a309e26c0d2b33d1a2d147 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-29T12:10:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUIZ_FELIPE_CAMPOS_FONTES_DIS.pdf: 1157438 bytes, checksum: 5c0dc0f464a309e26c0d2b33d1a2d147 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The present dissertation consists of two independent essays in public policy evaluation, which estimates the causal effects of two major Brazilian policies, the Mais M?dicos Program (PMM) and the Bolsa Fam?lia Program (PBF). The first essay aims to evaluate the PMM in terms of the provision of physicians, presenting estimates of its impact on hospitalization for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSH). The differences-in-differences method was used with propensity score matching (double difference matching), using three specifications, a falsification test and also a dynamic endogeneity test to confirm the robustness of the results. For the application of this methodology, a panel of municipal data was constructed covering several variables related to socioeconomic, demographic and public health infrastructure characteristics in the cities for the period from 2010 to 2016. First, it is shown that the program had an effect on increasing the density of physicians. Then, the main results show a significant reduction in hospital admissions in treated municipalities with an increasing and perceptible effect in the second year of the program. The second essay aims to analyze the impact of PBF in Brazilian intern migration. The Average Treatment Effect on Treated (ATT) was estimated through Propensity Score Matching (PSM) using microdata from Brazilian Census 2010. The results show that the program stimulates recipients? remigration to their home states and retain those already established in a locality. The estimates are robust in the possible presence of omitted variables and in different matching specifications. By exploring regional heterogeneity, we have shown that the impacts on return and retention are greater for the Northeast, the concentrating region of return migrations and Program beneficiaries. Through Dose Response Function it is also shown that the results are positively correlated with the monetary values transfer by the Bolsa Fam?lia, which may indicate a channel for the empirical results. / A presente disserta??o consiste em dois ensaios independentes em avalia??o de pol?ticas p?blicas, os quais estimam efeitos causais de duas pol?ticas brasileiras de grande apelo, o Programa Mais M?dicos (PMM) e o Programa Bolsa Fam?lia (PBF). O primeiro ensaio objetiva avaliar o PMM no que se refere ao provimento de m?dicos, apresentando estimativas de seu impacto nas interna??es por condi??es sens?veis ? aten??o prim?ria (ICSAP). Foi empregado o m?todo de diferen?as-em-diferen?as com pareamento por escore de propens?o (double difference matching). Para a aplica??o desta metodologia, foi constru?do um painel de dados municipais abrangendo diversas vari?veis relativas ?s caracter?sticas socioecon?micas, demogr?ficas e de infraestrutura p?blica de sa?de nas cidades para o per?odo de 2010 a 2016. Como um primeiro est?gio da an?lise, apresenta-se o impacto do programa sobre o n?mero de m?dicos nos munic?pios benefici?rios. As estimativas sugerem que houve aumento significativo na oferta de m?dicos por conta do PMM. Em um segundo est?gio mostra-se que o programa teve impacto na redu??o de interna??es hospitalares evit?veis nos munic?pios mais carentes em termos de oferta de sa?de, com um efeito crescente e percept?vel a partir do segundo ano da pol?tica. Al?m disso, algumas estrat?gias adotadas garantiram a robustez dos resultados como um teste de endogeneidade din?mica, estima??es para anos anteriores ao programa, e regress?es a partir de diferentes especifica??es. O segundo ensaio estima o impacto do PBF sobre a migra??o inter-estadual brasileira. A estima??o do efeito do tratamento m?dio sobre os tratados (Average Treatment Effect on Treated ? ATT) foi feita por meio do Propensity Score Matching (PSM) a partir dos microdados do Censo Demogr?fico de 2010, em que foi poss?vel analisar indiv?duos migrantes, migrantes retornados e n?o retornados. As estima??es apontam que o PBF estimula a remigra??o dos benefici?rios aos seus estados de origem, al?m de manter aqueles que j? est?o fixos em uma localidade, mesmo que essa n?o seja a sua de nascimento. Os resultados n?o se mostraram sens?veis ? poss?vel presen?a de vari?veis omitidas e as demais especifica??es utilizadas nas estima??es. Ao explorar a heterogeneidade regional, mostramos que os impactos sobre remigra??o e reten??o s?o maiores para regi?o Nordeste, a qual concentra grande parte dos remigrados e benefici?rios do PBF. Ainda, por meio da Fun??o Dose Resposta (FDR), mostra-se que os resultados s?o positivamente correlacionados com os valores monet?rios pagos pelo programa, o que pode indicar um mecanismo para os resultados.

Submitted by PPG Gerontologia Biom?dica (geronbio@pucrs.br) on 2018-02-28T19:37:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KUMMER_SIMONE_ STOCHERO_TESE.pdf: 14951492 bytes, checksum: 35bf21205050fb9f9520769b18f05ad9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-06T14:33:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 KUMMER_SIMONE_ STOCHERO_TESE.pdf: 14951492 bytes, checksum: 35bf21205050fb9f9520769b18f05ad9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-06T14:41:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KUMMER_SIMONE_ STOCHERO_TESE.pdf: 14951492 bytes, checksum: 35bf21205050fb9f9520769b18f05ad9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / INTRODUCTION: the progressive aging of the population brings with it changes in the needs of the social organization in which we all live, demanding a better understanding of this epidemiological transition and of all the ways to lead a healthy longevity. Changes in age structure and the consequences of population aging make the prevalence of chronic-degenerative diseases more significant, a process that requires a Public System prepared to deal with disease prevention issues and ongoing health promotion. OBJECTIVE: compare the frequency and costs of the hospitalization of the elderly in the municipalities of the 10th Region of Health. METODOLOGIA: The quantitative part is transversal type, with the analysis carried out from the elements collected in the DATASUS database. These part was complemented by a qualitative part, with the opinions of their health system managers, in order to provide elements that help improve health care and management with more quality, data were collection from the year 2014. In the qualitative part with longitudinal type, there were used questionnaires with open questions to the managers, a pre-analysis was carried out, and a spreadsheet was created in Excel, which was changed and/or complemented in the three preliminary meetings of the Pilot Project. Subsequently these data were used as a subsidy for the focus group discussions, which consisted of six health managers (or their representatives), who participated in seven meetings, in which six studies were carried out on the health situation, one for each County. RESULTS: a quantitative value of ICSAP was found among the residents of the 10th Region in the State and other Health Regions of the state, with a total of 52,94 hospitalizations per 1000 resident elderly residents, while the total Of ICSAP among the elderly in the State of Rio Grande do Sul was 64,58. However, in relation to the ICSAP of the diagnostic group L, skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases, Region 10 had 0.56 hospitalizations per 1000 elderly inhabitants, while in the whole state, in this diagnostic group, 0,48. The same occurs in the diagnostic group N, diseases of the genitourinary system: in the 10th Region of Health there were 4,27 ICSAP per 1000 elderly inhabitants, while in the whole state of Rio Grande do Sul were 3,94, with 3,86 hospitalizations for every 1000 elderly people in other health regions. Health Education issues for SUS users and health professionals, focusing on the specific needs of the elderly, were pointed out as a resolution to 72,4% of health problems of the Region 10. The implementation and expansion of home care services, according to a better at Home Program, were indicated in the intention of better accompanying the outpatients of hospital discharges, with a view to considering not only dehospitalization, but effectively reducing hospital readmissions. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: The cross-referencing of demographic, socioeconomic, epidemiological and morbidity and mortality data provides a more solid, critical and supported view for the construction of opinions favorable or unfavorable to health actions and the use of public resources. In addition, the development of the skills of collecting and analyzing these data stands out as something that should also be disseminated among health professionals and management representatives who participate in the decision-making processes, be it meetings of Regional Interagency Commissions (CIRs). The Bipartite Interagency Committee (CIB) or the Municipal or State Health Councils. The list of sensitive conditions to Primary Care should function as an indicator of indirect measures of the functioning and resolving capacity of Primary Health Care. This study may be of great importance and value to the managers involved with basic care, and can act as another indicator of their quality, being included in the contributions for the evaluation of the implementation and implementation of health policies. Considering that all health action requires the availability of resources, it is suggested to think of a National Health Policy for the Elderly that binds costing with the fulfillment of goals, in order to meet its end-goals. / O progressivo envelhecimento da popula??o vem trazendo consigo modifica??es das necessidades na organiza??o social em que vivemos, exigindo uma melhor compreens?o desta transi??o epidemiol?gica e de todas as formas de conduzir uma longevidade saud?vel. As mudan?as na estrutura et?ria e as consequ?ncias do envelhecimento populacional tornam mais significativa a preval?ncia de doen?as cr?nico-degenerativas, processo que exige um sistema p?blico preparado para lidar com quest?es de preven??o da doen?a e permanente promo??o da sa?de. Este trabalho teve por objetivo comparar frequ?ncia e custos de interna??es de idosos dos munic?pios da 10? Regi?o de Sa?de, complementando com opini?es de seus gestores, para disponibilizar elementos que auxiliem a melhora desse atendimento e a gest?o das a??es de Sa?de. Foi realizado um estudo quanti-qualitativo, sendo a parte quantitativa do tipo transversal, com coleta de dados referentes ao ano de 2014, e a parte qualitativa do tipo longitudinal. Realizada an?lise a partir dos elementos colhidos no banco de dados DATASUS, complementados com a realiza??o de question?rios com perguntas aos gestores, sendo realizada uma pr?-an?lise, montada uma planilha no excel, que foi alterada e/ou complementada nos tr?s encontros preliminares do projeto piloto e, posteriormente, utilizada como subs?dio para as discuss?es do grupo focal, o qual constituiu-se dos seis gestores de sa?de (ou seus representantes), que participaram de sete encontros, em que foram realizados seis estudos de caso acerca da situa??o de sa?de, no que se refere ? aten??o ? pessoa idosa, um estudo de caso para cada um dos munic?pios pesquisados. Resultados: Percebeu-se entre os mun?cipes da 10? Regi?o, um quantitativo de ICSAP abaixo dos valores no Estado e de outras Regi?es de Sa?de do estado, apresentando um total de 52,94 interna??es a cada 1000 habitantes idosos residentes, enquanto que o total geral de ICSAP entre os idosos de todo o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul foi de 64,58. No entanto, no que se refere ?s ICSAP do grupo diagn?stico L, doen?as da pele e do tecido subcut?neo, a Regi?o 10 apresentou 0,56 interna??es a cada 1000 habitantes idosos, enquanto que em todo o Estado, nesse grupo diagn?stico, ocorreram 0,48. O mesmo se repetiu para o grupo diagn?stico N, doen?as do aparelho geniturin?rio: na 10? Regi?o de Sa?de ocorreram 4,27 ICSAP a cada 1000 habitantes idosos, enquanto que em todo o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul ocorreram 3,94, com 3,86 interna??es a cada 1000 idosos nas outras regi?es de Sa?de. As quest?es de Educa??o em Sa?de aos usu?rios do SUS e aos profissionais da sa?de, sob o enfoque das necessidades espec?ficas do idoso, foram apontadas como resolu??o para 72,4% de problem?ticas em sa?de da Regi?o 10. A implementa??o e amplia??o de servi?os de interna??o domiciliar, conforme o Programa Melhor em Casa, foram indicadas na inten??o de melhor acompanhar os pacientes egressos de altas hospitalares, vislumbrando comtemplar n?o apenas a desospitaliza??o, mas efetivamente a redu??o das reinterna??es hospitalares. Considera??es finais e perspectivas: O cruzamento de dados demogr?ficos, socioecon?micos, epidemiol?gicos e de morbimortalidade proporciona uma vis?o mais s?lida, cr?tica e respaldada para a constru??o de pareceres favor?veis ou desfavor?veis ?s a??es de sa?de e ? utiliza??o dos recursos p?blicos. Al?m de que o desenvolvimento de habilidades de coleta e de an?lise desses dados, destaca-se como algo que merece ser disseminado tamb?m entre os profissionais da sa?de e representantes da gest?o que participam dos processos decis?rios, seja em reuni?es de Comiss?es Intergestores Regionais (CIR), Comiss?o Intergestores Bipartite (CIB) ou dos Conselhos Municipais ou Estadual de Sa?de. A lista de condi??es sens?veis ? Aten??o Prim?ria deve funcionar como um indicador de medidas indiretas do funcionamento e da capacidade resolutiva da aten??o prim?ria ? sa?de, este estudo pode ser de grande valia aos gestores envolvidos com a aten??o b?sica, podendo funcionar como mais um balizador de sua qualidade, sendo inclu?do nas contribui??es para a avalia??o da implanta??o e da implementa??o das pol?ticas de sa?de. Considerando que toda a a??o de sa?de exige a disponibiliza??o de recursos, sugere-se pensar em uma Pol?tica Nacional de Sa?de da Pessoa Idosa que vincule custeio com o cumprimento de metas, em prol de atender seus objetivos-fim.

Nous proposons une contribution empirique aux tentatives récentes d'unification des sciences cognitives et des sciences sociales.La Théorie de l'Attraction Culturelle (CAT) propose de s'atteler à des questions interdisciplinaires en utilisant une ontologie commune faite de représentations.D'après la CAT, malgré des transformations au niveau micro, la distribution globale des représentations peut rester stable grâce à des attracteurs culturels.Cette hypothèse est difficile à tester, mais les technologies du web permettent de combiner les avantages des techniques existantes pour étendre le champ des études possibles.Nous présentons deux études de cas sur de courts énoncés écrits.La première examine les changements que des citations subissent lorsqu'elles sont copiées en ligne.En combinant psycholinguistique et fouille de données, nous montrons que les substitutions de mots sont cohérentes avec l'hypothèse des attracteurs culturels, et avec les effets connus de variables lexicales.La deuxième étude étend ces résultats, et utilise une expérience web permettant de récolter des chaînes de transmission de qualité et en grande quantité.En étendant un algorithme bioinformatique, nous décomposons les transformations en des opérations plus simples, et proposons un premier modèle descriptif du processus qui relie les connaissances psycholinguistiques sur la transformation de phrases aux tendances de haut niveau identifiées dans la littérature sur l'évolution culturelle.Enfin, nous montrons que la compréhension de l'évolution de telles représentations nécessite une théorie du sens des énoncés, une tâche pour laquelle nous explorons les approches empiriques possibles. / We propose an empirical contribution to recent attempts to unify cognitive science and social science.We focus on Cultural Attraction Theory (CAT), a framework that proposes a common ontology made of representations for cognitive and social science to address interdisciplinary questions.CAT hypothesizes that in spite of important transformations at the micro-level, the overall distribution of representations remains stable due to dynamical attractors.Testing this hypothesis is challenging and existing approaches have several shortcomings.Yet, by taking advantage of web technologies one can combine the advantages of existing techniques to expand the range of possible empirical studies.We develop two case studies to show this with short written utterances.The first examines transformations that quotations undergo as they are propagated online.By connecting data mining tools with psycholinguistics, we show that word substitutions in quotations are consistent with the hypothesis of cultural attractors and with known effects of lexical features.The second case study expands these results, and makes use of a purposefully developed web experiment to gather quality transmission chain data sets.By extending a bioinformatics alignment algorithm, we decompose transformations into simpler operations, and propose a first descriptive model which relates psycholinguistic knowledge of sentence transformation to evolutionary trends elicited in the cultural evolution literature.Finally, we show that further understanding the evolution of such representations requires an account of meaning in context, a task for which we flesh out possible empirical approaches.

Il y a plusieurs années, le département SATIS de l'Université d'Aix-Marseille ainsi que le laboratoire ASTRAM ont entamé le développement d’une sonothèque en ligne intitulée « Sons du Sud ». Cette base de données sonores est destinée aux professionnels du son dans les secteurs du cinéma et de l'audiovisuel et, plus particulièrement encore, aux monteurs son. L’objectif à présent est de développer pour Sons du Sud une nouvelle méthode d’indexation en rupture avec les logiques d’indexation causales les plus largement répandues. En effet, dans la perspective d’une exploitation filmique, il apparaît qu’un son n’est que rarement choisi sur la base de critères exclusivement en lien avec son origine ou ses propriétés acoustiques, mais aussi en vertu des significations potentielles que celui-ci est à même de revêtir au contact des autres matières de l’expression filmique, des fonctions qu’il est susceptible de remplir, des liens qu’il entretient avec ce que le film exprime, etc. On peut alors se demander si ce n’est pas plutôt ce « potentiel d’informations » que les descripteurs sémantiques utilisés par les sonothèques actuelles devraient essayer d’expliciter. C’est pourquoi la présente thèse se positionne comme une étape de travail préliminaire à l’élaboration d’une nouvelle méthode d’indexation : afin de répondre aux exigences de la sonothèque Sons du Sud, il semble indispensable d’entièrement nous consacrer à une meilleure appréhension des facteurs contribuant à modifier le « système de pertinences » de son principal usager, en examinant plus avant ce qui guide sa démarche, polarise son écoute et influence ses actions au cours de la recherche et de la sélection des sons. / Several years ago, the SATIS department of the University of Aix-Marseille and the ASTRAM laboratory initiated the development of an online sound library entitled "Sons du Sud". This sound database is intended for sound professionals and more specifically, sound editors, in the film and audiovisual sectors. The current objective is to develop a new indexing method of sound for Sons du Sud breaking with the logic of causal indexation most widely used. Indeed, it appears that, from the perspective of a filmic exploitation, a sound is rarely selected based on criteria exclusively related to its acoustic origin but also related to the potential meanings it is able to take on with the other materials of filmic expression, the functions it is likely to fulfill, the links it maintains with what the film expresses, and so on. We can then ask ourselves if it is not rather this "information potential" which the semantic descriptors used by the current sound libraries should try to make explicit. Therefore, this thesis is a preliminary step in the development of a new indexing method: in order to meet the requirements of Sons du Sud sound library, it seems essential to devote ourselves entirely to a better understanding of the contributing factors that change the "system of relevance" of its main users, to examine further what guides their approach, polarizes their listening and influences their searches and selections.

Cette recherche en sciences de l’éducation s’intéresse aux pratiques enseignantes. L’hypothèse générale est que les futurs enseignants ont des pratiques différentes selon qu’ils disposent ou pas d’une expérience professionnelle antérieure significative. Les pratiques enseignantes sont entendues au sens de Bandura comme l’articulation entre des dimensions relevant de la personne, du comportement et du contexte. La démarche s’avère donc comparative entre ces deux populations, mais également heuristique quant aux pratiques dans toutes leurs dimensions. Concernant notre recueil de données, nous avons, après une phase exploratoire, proposé un questionnaire complété par de futurs enseignants (N=324) en formation à l’ESPE de La Réunion en 2013 et se destinant à l’enseignement, dans le premier ou le second degré. Nous avons également procédé à des observations de séances (N=12) en collège. La mise à l’épreuve de l’empirie permet de valider l’hypothèse générale, comparative, de différences significatives sur certains éléments de pratiques, notamment des dimensions sociocognitives. Du point de vue heuristique, nous avons repéré une spécificité du contexte réunionnais par rapport au contexte métropolitain concernant le comportement. / This research in Sciences of Education focuses on teaching practices. The general hypothesis is that the future teachers hold different practices as they have or not a previous significant amount of work experience. The teaching practices shall be understood in accordance with Bandura’s meaning as the structuring between dimensions pertaining to the person, the behaviour and the background. Therefore, the approach turns out to be comparative between these two populations, but also heuristic as for the practices in all their dimensions. Concerning our data collection, after an exploratory phase, we proposed a questionnaire filled in by future teachers (N=324) who trained in the vocational school ESPE de La Réunion in 2013 and sought to prepare for a career in primary and secondary education. Our study included observations of sessions (N=12) in secondary school. The testing of empiricism offers to validate the general and comparative hypothesis of significant differences on some elements of practices, in particular concerning the socio-cognitive dimensions. From a heuristic perspective, we identified a specificity of the Reunionese environment compared with the mainland France background as far as the behaviour is concerned.

Apprendre comme Inventer, essai pour introduire le concept didactique d'insension. Apprendre est une activité, aussi bien au sens de « to teach », du point de vue de l’enseignant, apprendre comme enseigner, qu’au sens de « to learn », du point de vue de l’apprenant, c’est-à-dire apprendre comme connaître. L’analyse de l’activité par la Didactique professionnelle en tant qu’analyse de ce qui est productif et constructif dans l’action, peut s’appliquer à l’action d’apprendre. Or il existe, à côté de la conceptualisation dans l’action, des moments où le Sujet apprend en s’incorporant à lui-même la connaissance. Ce moment est un acte du Sujet par induction, c’est-à-dire par colligation d’éléments épars, perçus et/ou imaginés. Le Sujet accède ainsi au sens qu’il donne en acte à l’apprendre. Cette saisie du sens, ou « insension » est une invention du Sujet qui participe doublement à son développement : d’une part, les connaissances appropriées au Sujet par le Sujet engagent le développement de sa compétence, d’autre part, l’activité d’apprendre comme inventer est conjointe au développement identitaire du Sujet. Pour l’ingénierie didactique de formation, apprendre à enseigner demande l’écoute de la singularité du cadre de référence du Sujet. Pour faciliter à l’ignorant le passage à la connaissance, c’est-à-dire à l’incorporation des savoirs référencés, il faut que les dispositifs de formation aient pour point de départ la perspective de l’apprenant. Le Sujet ignorant est reconnu capable d’apprendre à partir de son cadre de référence, tel qu’il est, c’est-à-dire capable d’un acte d’incorporation pour soi des savoirs que l’insension (colligation) transforme en connaissances. Le Sujet peut alors accéder socialement à la reconnaissance de sa compétence. / Learning as Thinking Up, an introduction to the didactic concept of "insension". ”Apprendre” in French, is an activity, meaning both “to teach” from the point of view of the teacher, and “to learn” from the perspective of the student (hereafter referred to as the “Subject” or the “Uninitiated”). The activity’s analysis by Professional Didactic, that is to say an analysis of what is productive and constructive within an action, can be applied to “learning”. However, in attempting to understand the learning process, one recognizes that there do exist, along with the conceptualization within the action, times when the subject learns by self-incorporating knowledge. This is when the Subject reacts, by use of induction, that is to say by the colligation of scattered elements, as they are perceived and/or imagined. Thus, the Subject accesses to the meaning he or she gives to learning. This grasping of the meaning or "insension" is an invention of the Subject which participates in a double development: on the one hand, the knowledge appropriated to the Subject by the Subject, initiates his skills’ development, and on the other hand, the thinking up learning activity is linked to the development of the Subject’s identity. Educational training planning requires taking into account the Subject’s personal reference framework. In order to lead the Uninitiated towards “knowing”, that is to say, the incorporation of referenced knowledge, it is necessary that the training schemes have, as a starting point, the point of view of the Uninitiated. The Uninitiated is recognized as being able to learn from his or her personal reference framework, that is to say able to act on referenced knowledge for its self-incorporation. The insension (colligation) transforms it into personal knowledge. Therefore, the Subject accesses to social recognition of its skills.

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Comme toute expérience humaine, la relation au sonore appelle le langage, qui contribue à l‟inscrire dans la vie des individus et des communautés. Récurrente cependant chez les locuteurs, l‟expression d‟une difficulté particulière à parler des phénomènes acoustiques doit-elle être attribuée à l‟irréductibilité essentielle du perçu au dire, à d‟éventuelles lacunes de la langue dans la saisie de l‟expérience auditive, ou encore à la spécificité d‟une situation dans laquelle le discours, attaché au sonore par le double lien du signans et du signatum, réactive à sa source le procès sémiotique ? Mettant en évidence le fait que parler des sons est toujours parler de notre relation aux phénomènes acoustiques, l‟étude, basée sur une analyse de corpus, s‟intéresse à la façon dont le discours témoigne - et participe - de l‟inscription de l‟expérience sonore au coeur de l‟être au monde. Utilisant les ressources de l‟approche cognitive de l‟analogie (Hofstadter, Sander, 2013), elle s‟attache aux relations unissant, du sonore au musical, les processus de catégorisation auditive aux diverses modalités de saisie discursive du perçu. Si, comme en témoigne l‟analyse, ce sont bien les mêmes analogies qui participent de la relation aux phénomènes auditifs et de l‟usage signifiant du sonore en langue, le discours sur le son permet-il de mieux comprendre les enjeux du lien originaire unissant, dans et par l‟expérience acoustique, l‟exploration du sensible à l‟engagement de l‟aventure du sens? / Like any human experience, the relationship to sound calls for language, which contributes to engaging it in the lives of individuals and communities. Speakers, though, often claim to encounter special difficulties when talking about acoustic phenomena. Should this situation be attributed to the essential irreductibility of percept to speech, to possible deficiencies of language in the field of auditory experience or to the specificity of a situation in which speech, bound both by signans and signatum to sound, has to reactivate the semiotic process at its source? Highlighting the fact that talking about soundsalways means talking about our relation to acoustic phenomena, this study is based on a corpus analysis and focuses on the way speech bears witness to and takes part in the central contribution of acoustic experience to “being in the world“. Based on the cognitive approach of analogy (Hofstadter, Sander, 2013), it focuses - from acoustic to musical points of view - on the links between auditory categorization processes and the different modalities of “speech on sound“. If, as the analysis suggests, analogies which play a part in auditory perception are the same as those which contribute to the significant useof sound in language, can speech on sound enable us to better understand what is at stake in the original link binding, in and by acoustic experience, the exploration of the sensitive universe to the adventure of meaning ?

Ce travail réinterroge la philosophie sociale critique d’Adorno à partir des concepts de règle et de jeu. Il a pour objectif d’exposer la théorie de la société d’Adorno et d’en questionner les fondements. Ces fondements, telle est notre thèse, peuvent être conceptualisés dans un langage propre à la sociologie de l’action si on les reformule en termes de « règles », de « suivi des règles » et de « jeu » – concepts qu’Adorno lui-même utilise afin de décrire le social, plus précisément la société capitaliste dans laquelle il vivait. Le fameux tout « non-vrai », qu’est la société selon Adorno, peut ainsi être compris comme un jeu réglé par lui-même, indépendamment de l’intentionnalité des acteurs. Cette reformulation de la philoso-phie sociale d’Adorno nous permet de la faire dialoguer avec d’autres conceptions du social (Weber, Ha-bermas, Descombes, Searle et le structuralisme) et de montrer à quel point l’objet d’Adorno diffère de celui de Weber, de Habermas et de Searle alors qu’il est commensurable à celui du structuralisme. La méthode pour saisir cet objet, à savoir les règles non intentionnelles qui structurent le jeu social, est celle de Freud (interprétation, lecture symptômale). Adorno, toutefois, se distingue du structuralisme et aussi de Freud en ce qu’il pense pouvoir établir un lien entre société capitaliste et le social réglé comme un jeu inaccessible aux acteurs : ce jeu est non seulement l’objet de recherche d’Adorno mais aussi l’objet de sa critique. Notre travail s’emploie à étayer la possibilité de cette critique qui ne vise rien de moins que les conditions de possibilité du vivre en commun telles qu’elles ont été établies par la philosophie sociale structuraliste ainsi que par Freud : des règles à effet inconscient qui font en sorte que tous les acteurs ne réalisent ou ne di-sent pas les mêmes significations font l’objet de la critique adornienne. Critiquer ces règles implique de montrer qu’une critique de l’institution verticale des sujets est possible sans détruire ni poser comme abso-lu la subjectivité elle-même. Cette critique devient envisageable à partir du moment où l’on examine la pratique qui est incluse dans le suivi aveugle de la règle : au sein de cette « fausse » pratique – qu’Adorno appelle la pratique d’identification – se dégage une pratique autre qui met en question la soumission aveugle à la règle. Cette pratique critique est également appelée « jeu ». Notre travail se conclut sur l’exposition de cette pratique et de son potentiel critique au sein du jeu qu’est la société capitaliste. / This work reexamines the social critical philosophy of Adorno, starting form the concepts of rule and of game. It aims to expose the social theory of Adorno and to question its foundations. These foundations can be conceptualized in a language specific to the sociology of action if they are rephrased in terms of rules, rule-following and game; concepts which Adorno himself uses to describe the social, spe-cifically the capitalist society in which he lived. The famous all "non-true" which society is according to Adorno, can be understood as a game working in itself, regardless of the intentionality of the actors. This rephrasing of the social philosophy of Adorno allows us to dialogue with the other approaches of the social (Weber, Habermas, Descombes, Searle and the structuralism) and to show how the object of Adorno differs from that of Weber, Habermas and Searle, how it is commensurable with that of structuralism. The Method to seize the object, i.e. the rules that structure the unintentional social game, is the method of Freud (interpretation, symptomatic reading). Adorno, however, differs from structuralism and also from Freud’s conception of the social because he thinks that he can establish a link between capitalist society and the social regulated as a game inaccessible to players: for Adorno this game is not only the object of research but also the object of his criticism. Our work goes on to justify the possibility of such criticism that targets nothing less than the conditions of possibility of common living. What was established by structur-alist social philosophy as well as by Freud is the subject of criticism of Adorno: rules whose effects are unconscious, which ensure that all players do not realize or do not say the same meanings. To criticize these rules implies showing that the critique of vertical instituted subjects is possible without destroying subjec-tivity nor positing it as absolute. This criticism becomes possible from the moment you look at the prac-tice included in the blind following of the rule which is the "wrong" practice - Adorno calls this practice of identification ; the right practice included in practice of identification challenges the blind submission to

Dans ce travail intitulé : « La délinquance juvénile : les discours des mineurs délinquants comme écho familial. Vers une meilleure compréhension de la délinquance à travers la dynamique relationnelle parents-enfant », j'ai cherché, dans un même mouvement, à expliquer et à comprendre le phénomène de délinquance juvénile par la manière dont sont structurées (ou déstructurées) les relations parentales dont les enfants délinquants sont partie prenante et au travers desquelles ils se construisent comme acteurs sociaux. Pour ce faire, j'ai étudié le cas de cent treize mineurs dont soixante deux étaient présumés délinquants par le système judiciaire. Je les ai tous interrogés afin d'entrer dans leur logique, en les plaçant en tant qu'acteurs au sein de leur famille, acteurs qui se construisent subjectivement dans un rapport au monde, dans une vision individuelle génératrice de leurs pratiques, de savoirs incorporés, d'expériences vécues, de rôles qu'ils ont intériorisés. Ainsi, à partir de leur parole, de leurs explications sur le phénomène, j'ai souligné le caractère dynamique de l'éducation sous l'angle de la « construction sociale de la réalité » et sous celui de la connaissance et de l'appropriation des expériences vécues des délinquants juvéniles ; j'ai saisi le sens décodé de leurs représentations subjectives, celles qui constituent la base à partir de laquelle ils dirigent et orientent leurs actions, et envisagé la causalité dans un cadre qui réincorpore l'histoire de leur vie –un cadre qui se compose d'abord de leurs parents