The dissertation analyzes labour market projects co-financed by the European Social Fund (ESF) targeting unemployed migrants and ethnicized groups. The analysis is qualitative, discourse-oriented and based on Foucault’s concept of governmentality. More specifically, it is highlighted how the target groups are ethnicized through discourses of employability and learning. The thesis consists of four articles. In the first three articles, focus is mainly on how the projects present themselves through their project descriptions in the ESF project bank and the fourth article is mainly based on ethnographic material. Overall, this dissertation highlights different aspects of inclusion work directed towards migrants and ethnicized target groups that can be seen as problematic and sometimes contradictory. Tendencies to individualize unemployment and thus positioning the unemployed project participants as responsible for their situation is interrogated in the thesis. Further, it is analyzed how culture and ethnicity is used in ways that are likely to strengthen the target groups ‘Otherness’ in relation to a ‘Swedishness’ that often become synonymous with what is perceived as normal and thus widening the gap between ‘us’ and ‘them’ when the stated goal is the opposite. This dissertation can serve as a starting point to reflect on how inclusion efforts and labour market projects seeking to produce social inclusion and employability may be at risk to categorize people in different ways, which can sometimes be problematic in relation to what the efforts seek to achieve. / I avhandlingen studeras arbetsmarknadspolitiska åtgärder, i form av projekt finansierade av Europeiska socialfonden (ESF), riktade mot arbetslösa migranter och etnifierade grupper. Analysen är kvalitativ, diskursorienterad och utgår från Foucaults begrepp governmentality. Mer specifikt belyses hur projektens målgrupper etnifieras genom diskurser om anställningsbarhet och lärande. Avhandlingen består av fyra artiklar. I de tre första artiklarna fokuseras främst hur projekten framställer sig själva genom projektbeskrivningar i ESFs projektbank och den fjärde artikeln utgår främst från etnografiskt material. Sammantaget belyser avhandlingen olika aspekter - som kan ses som problematiska och ibland motsägelsefulla - av inkluderingsarbete riktat mot migranter och etnifierade målgrupper. Det handlar om tendenser att individualisera arbetslösheten och därmed i hög grad ansvariggöra de arbetslösa projektdeltagarna för sin situation. Det handlar också om att använda kultur och etnicitet på ett sätt som riskerar att förstärka målgruppernas ’annorlundahet’ i relation till den ’svenskhet’ som inte sällan blir synonymt med vad som uppfattas som normalt och på så sätt vidga gapet mellan ’vi’ och ’dem’ när den uttalade målsättningen är det motsatta. Avhandlingen kan fungera som en utgångspunkt för att reflektera kring hur inkluderingsinsatser och arbetsmarknadsprojekt riskerar att sortera och kategorisera människor på olika sätt, som kan vara problematiska i relation till vad insatserna vill uppnå.

Introduction: An increasing number of children in need of special support are included in mainstream schools. The roles of teaching assistants have changed with the inclusion of these children. Social partic-ipation is an essential aspect of inclusion, possible to be achieved in schools. In the literature social participation in elementary schools is studied in terms of friendships and relationships, contacts and inter-actions, perception of pupil with special education needs and acceptance by classmates. The impact that teaching assistants have on social participation has been questioned due to low or no education or training to work with children in need of special support. The aim is to investigate the social participation dimen-sions and the impact that teaching assistants have on the social participation of children in need of special support in mainstream elementary schools.Method: A systematic literature review was performed exploring four databases.Results: Nine studies in total were found. Seven studies examined social participation dimensions of con-tact and interactions, four – perception of pupil with special education needs. Friendships and relationships and acceptance by classmates were examined in two studies. Six studies identified negative impact of teaching assistants on social participation of children in need of special support, and three showed positive and negative results. The impact is attributed to the roles of teaching assistants, and participation in class.Conclusion: All four dimensions of social participation were studied in the articles, but no studies explored all dimensions at once, therefore complete impact of teaching assistants cannot be entirely realized yet. Nevertheless, the negative trend of teaching assistants’ impact on the social participation of children in need of special support found in this systematic review implicates two possible approaches. The role of teaching assistants could be shifted and adapted to suit the abilities of teaching assistant. Education and training of teaching assistants are necessary to support social participation of children in need of special support.

The overall aim of this thesis is to discover, to value and to explain, if and why Supported Employment functions in a Swedish context and to also highlight those mechanisms which provide meaningful conditions within that context, when a person with a disability reaches, procures and retains employment. The empirical part consists of four studies that examine (1) whether SE has an effect on the employment rate, disposable income and sum of allowances, (2) the employer´s perspective of employing people with disabilities, (3) how employers perceive support from SE in the employment process and (4) how employees with disabilities perceive their work situation and social inclusion in the workplace. The studies within the thesis show that in a Swedish context, SE is encompassed by norm structures, production structures and economical structures which affect conditions for people with disabilities to reach, procure and retain employment. Supported Employment’s mode of practice and the ability to meet, co-exist and co-operate with these social structures has, in many ways, affected the prerequisites for people with disabilities to reach employment. These structures do not in themselves however, constitute a sufficient frame of ideas to enable an understanding of how SE works in a Swedish context, or how to explain the factors that affect conditions when people with disabilities reach, procure and retain employment. In the qualitative studies, trust features prominently and is considered an important mechanism in holding the process together.

Since the development and implementation of Participatory Budgeting (PB) as a democratic process adhering to civic improvement demands through municipal budget allocations, it promised great potential as a governance tool. Its core intentions are inclusion, participation and the redistribution of wealth to serve vulnerable members of society. Since India has the second greatest unequal wealth distribution in the world, the implementation of PB seemed promising. Surprisingly, however, Pune is currently the only city with an actively utilized PB mechanism, which indicates various inefficiencies, discrepancies and intentional dualities, resulting in exclusion, low participation and the misappropriation of resources. The purpose and intentions of PB are therefore ultimately reversed, however still it is still labeled as PB due to the lack of a standardized and recognized PB definition. This study utilizes in-depth interviews and data sources provided by various members of the two Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) currently or previously active in PB in Pune. The outcome is a clear depiction of the NGO perspective upon the core intentions of PB, identifying two main hurdles to participation, which remains unattested due to a lack of governmental will. Contributions are made through the development of a definition, the expansion of existing participation theory in the unique context of governmental resistance in a developing country and practical recommendations for the city of Pune.

Background: Social exclusion of people with vision impairments is an ongoing issue. Since social inclusion emphasizes social and emotional aspects as distinct from academic ones and the aspects concerning opportunities, the focus is turned on the domain of social interactions and friendships. Adolescence is the time point when youth feels mostly the need to ‘fit in’ in social circles and groups and the social life and friendships are important aspects of young people’s well-being and development. Aim: The aim of this study is to review the existing literature on the social interactions and friendships of adolescents with visual impairments from their own perspective and investigate the interventions designed to improve their social interactions and friendships. Method: A literature search on the databases of ERIC, CINAHL and PsycINFO and a hand search on the reference lists of the relevant articles was conducted. The search was limited to recent peer reviewed studies published in English, reporting perspectives of adolescents (13-18 years old) with visual impairments on their social interactions and friendships and intervention studies aimed to support them in the aforementioned domain. Results: In the 18 included studies, adolescents with vision impairments engaged more in passive activities that were not highly interactive. They reported being satisfied with their networks and friends, however contradictions existed in the perceived quality of friendships and the feeling of loneliness. The context of school was presented often as problematic compared to other contexts, and friendships in schools were rare. According to adolescents’ voices, friendships helped to cope with the impairment, friends had a meaningful role in their life and they made school life more enjoyable. In comparison to their sighted peers, adolescents with vision impairments had smaller networks and less friends with whom they had different type of relationships. Lastly even though several barriers and facilitators were identified, which belong to domains of Body functions and structures and Physical, Attitudinal and Social environment, there was a lack of interventions aiming to support the social interactions and friendships of adolescents with vision impairments. Conclusions: Considering the importance of social interactions and friendships in adolescents’ life for them to learn, develop and enjoy, more interventions with social focus need to be designed in respect to the challenges that exist. A plethora of barriers and facilitators impacting the social interactions and friendships of adolescents with vision impairments were identified that need to be taken into consideration for future research and interventions since the existing literature provided so far is limited. Adolescents need to be engaged in this process so that their interests, preferences and their views are prioritized.

[pt] Este estudo tem como foco principal investigar as relações entre a prática profissional do design e o tema da sustentabilidade. Foi feita uma pesquisa qualitativa com designers que realizam projetos com pequenos grupos produtivos visando sua inclusão social. Uma vez que muitos desses projetos têm sido associados à promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável, buscou-se compreender como os próprios designers que estão envolvidos caracterizam sua área de atuação. Os entrevistados discorreram sobre suas metodologias de trabalho, o relacionamento com as pessoas dos grupos produtivos, dificuldades e facilidades dos projetos e os impactos sociais percebidos. Os depoimentos dos participantes revelaram que a maior parte deles trabalha com grupos de artesãos, mas também foram mencionados outros tipos de grupos, como costureiras, marceneiros, tecelãs etc. A análise das respostas indica que eles utilizam diversas expressões para designar sua área de atuação, como design social, design para sustentabilidade, entre outras. Porém, observou-se que nem todos fazem associação direta entre seu trabalho e a sustentabilidade, apesar de tratarem de questões que são comumente relacionadas ao tema do desenvolvimento sustentável: uso de matérias-primas locais, aproveitamento de refugos industriais, geração de renda, valorização de identidades culturais, melhoria da qualidade de vida e desenvolvimento local. / [en] The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the correlations between the professional practice of design and the issue of sustainability. We conducted a qualitative research with designers who carry out projects with small productive groups aimed at social inclusion. Since many of these projects have been related to the promotion of sustainable development, we sought to comprehend how the designers themselves characterize their field. The interviewees talked about their methodologies, their relationship with the people in the productive groups, the difficulties and the facilities of the projects, and the perceived social impacts. Their statements revealed that most of them work with artisans, although they have mentioned other kinds of groups, as seamstresses, carpenters, weavers etc. The analysis of their discourse indicates that they use different expressions to describe their area of expertise, such as social design, design for sustainability, among others. Nevertheless we observed that not all of them do direct association between their work and sustainability, despite dealing with matters that are commonly related to the issue of sustainable development: the use of local raw materials, income generation, recovery of cultural identity, improving the quality of life and local development.

Esta tese persegue a heterogeneidade das causas e condições de produção do setor moveleiro no estado do Acre, focando a realidade da cidade de Rio Branco a partir da estruturação do Pólo Moveleiro do Acre. Tem como ponto de partida o caráter histórico e social da produção de artefatos manufaturados e as implicações relativas à utilização dos recursos florestais, assim como a própria compreensão da relação entre homem e natureza. Por estar inserida no contexto da Amazônia brasileira, aborda a relação entre o design e a ecologia, procurando reforçar o sentido deste termo como um tecido que perpassa as implicações do mundo natural, das relações sociais e do universo interior do ser humano. Busca demonstrar a necessidade da valorização destes três campos no agenciamento da produção moveleira local. / The present research investigates the heterogeneity of causes and conditions of the Furniture Companies manufacture in the state of Acre, Brazil, focusing the social reality of its capital, Rio Branco according to the establishment of the Industrial Furniture Pole in Acre. The research sets out with the historical and social aspects of the artifacts production dating back to the precedent periods and its implications for the forest resources as well as the comprehension of the relationship between man and nature. Due to the fact of being situated the Brazilian Amazon, it aims to explore the connection between design and ecology considering the impact on the environment, social relations and the interior universe of the human being. Besides that, it points out the value of these three aspects in the local manufacturing management.

Com as transformações políticas, econômicas e sociais ocorridas a partir dos séculos XVII e XVIII, tem se intensificado um poder que se ocupa em gerir a vida e lhe extrair ao máximo suas forças, seja na produção de corpos individuais mais produtivos, seja no controle do corpo-espécie da população. Assim, ao mesmo tempo em que se torna hegemônico um modo de subjetivação no qual domina uma interioridade dotada de capacidades, desejos, virtualidades a serem descobertos, há uma crescente preocupação com fenômenos e processos da vida, transformados em taxas a serem medidas e previstas. No encontro entre indivíduo e população, a sexualidade, ponto fundamental na gestão da vida. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar modos de subjetivação acionados pelo cinema no que diz respeito às diferenças sexuais, fornecendo subsídios para a problematização de práticas ditas inclusivas. Em uma perspectiva teórico-metodológico pós-estruturalista que dialoga com a Teoria Crítica, tomou-se o cinema como um dispositivo educativo e governamentalizante, isto é, uma extremidade na qual o poder se exerce, visando o governo de corpos e da população. Inserido na lógica da indústria cultural, o cinema ensina estilos de vida, maneiras de ser e modos de se relacionar, construindo e legitimando identidades sociais, ao mesmo tempo em que desautoriza outras. A partir da análise de filmes indicados e/ou vencedores do Oscar na última década, percebeuse uma significativa mudança nas formas pelas quais personagens não-heterossexuais vêm sendo apresentados, apontando tanto para uma aparente ruptura com imagens pejorativas e estereotipadas, fomentadoras de preconceitos e exclusões, quanto para a incitação de processos subjetivadores nos quais dominam a domesticação das diferenças sexuais e abafamento de seu potencial contestatório e disruptivo / With the political, economic and social changes from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, has intensified a power that engages in life and manage to extract most of their forces, either in the production of individual bodies more productive, be in control of body-species population. Thus, while it becomes a hegemonic way of subjectivity in which one dominates inner endowed with abilities, desires, virtues to be discovered, there is a concern about the processes of life, transformed into rates to be measured and predicted. In the meeting between individual and population, sexuality, is a fundamental point in life management. In this context, this study has the objective to investigate ways of subjectivity regarding to sex differences, supporting the problematization of practices called \"inclusive. In a theoretical and methodological poststructuralist that dialogues with Critical Theory, cinema became an educational device and of governamentalization, ie an end in which power is exercised in order to government bodies and the public. In the logic of the culture industry, the film teaches lifestyles, ways of being and ways of relating, building and legitimating social identities at the same time that disallows others. From the analysis of nominated films and / or Academy Awards winners in the last decade, it was noticed a significant change in the ways non-heterosexual characters have been presented, pointing to an apparent break with negative images and stereotypes, that lead to actions of prejudice!and exclusion, as for the incitement of subjective processes in which dominate the domestication of sexual differences and smothering of their contesting and disruptive potential

A educação, enquanto um direito fundamental do homem, vem passando por processo de reconhecimento no decorrer da formação da sociedade, sua importância no exercício da cidadania e na garantia de direitos, atualmente é indiscutível, bem como propiciar a diminuição das desigualdades sociais. A Universidade São Paulo, vem implantando programas de inclusão social para estudantes oriundos da escola pública e os seus principais programas são o Programa de Inclusão Social da USP (INCLUSP), que tem previsto desde bônus nas notas do vestibular até outros mecanismos de acréscimo de bônus no vestibular, bem como o Programa de Apoio à Permanência e Formação Estudantil (PAPFE), com seus auxílios financeiros aos estudantes carentes. Evidente que estas iniciativas são louváveis, porém na prática cotidiana como assistente social, nos deparamos com as lutas diárias destes estudantes, as dificuldades que encontram para cumprir com as exigências acadêmicas. Propusemos, com este estudo sistematizar, analisar e teorizar o discurso da universidade confrontando-o com os relatos dos estudantes que foram contemplados por estes programas. Constatamos que a permanência estudantil abrange não só os aspectos materiais, mas bem como os aspectos simbólicos, desse modo não é garantida a inclusão social do estudante apenas com o auxílio financeiro, pois a exclusão social intramuros na universidade permanece / Education as a fundamental human right, is undergoing recognition process during the formation of the company, its importance in the exercise of citizenship and the guarantee of rights, is now indisputable, and to foster the reduction of social inequalities. The University of São Paulo, has been implementing social inclusion programs for students from public schools and its main programs are the Social Inclusion Program, USP (INCLUSP), which is scheduled from bonuses in entrance exam notes to other bonuses increase mechanisms the entrance exam and the Support Program Student Residence and Training (PAPFE) with its financial aid to needy students. Clearly these initiatives are commendable, but in everyday practice as a social worker, we face the daily struggles these students, the difficulties encountered to meet the academic requirements. Proposed, with this study systematize, analyze and theorize the discourse of university confronting him with the reports of the students who were covered by these programs. We found that student residence encompasses not only material aspects but as well as the symbolic aspects, thus the student\'s social inclusion only with the financial assistance is not guaranteed because social exclusion intramural university remains

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:47:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivone Aparecida Pereira.pdf: 4584728 bytes, checksum: f4e7d4718dc9cd8c311e808853c96aff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-25 / This study aims to understand the relationship established in the social groups considering Folia de Reis as a scenery, and consider an specific case of a group of people in the city of Santo Antônio de Goiás that organize themselves and walk without the presence and protection of the clergy. Folia de Reis can be considered a space to social inclusion and genuine representation of the participants called foliões . It happens because Folia de Reis can join the people and show them as historical subjects who are able to play, create and recreate their own culture. Nowadays, the erudition and the sophisticated language divide and exclude people and Folia de Reis shows itself as a possibility of a real participation in the religious life. But it is not a simple participation because Folia de Reis ritual is able to turn common people into important characters of one of the most important fact in the Christianism. / O presente estudo busca compreender as relações tecidas no interior dos grupos sociais, tendo como pano de fundo a Folia de Reis. Tomamos como caso específico um grupo de foliões da cidade de Santo Antônio de Goiás que se organizou e que caminha sem a presença e sem a tutela do clero. A hipótese levantada foi a de que a Folia de Reis pode ser considerada como um espaço para a inclusão social e a legitimação dos papéis representados por seus foliões. Isso se dá porque a Folia de Reis consegue reunir o povo como sujeito histórico que é capaz de interpretar, criar e recriar a sua própria cultura. Num tempo de erudição, de linguagem sofisticada que divide, que separa e exclui a Folia de Reis apresenta-se como uma possibilidade de participação efetiva no campo religioso. Mas, não é uma participação qualquer. O ritual da Folia de Reis é capaz de transformar pessoas comuns em personagens centrais de uma das mais importantes histórias ocorridas no âmbito do cristianismo.