In this study, we have considered the impact the organization`s implementation of its vision of the psychosocial work enviroment has been for the relations between the employees. We have primarily relied on a hermeneutic approach to understand our empirical data, and when we have interpreted and made a socialpsycological analysis on our collected empirical data. We have used Smith´s Institutional Ethnography, Sheff`s Social bonds and Asplund`s theory of Social responsivity. To collect the empirical data we have combined quantitative and qualtitative methods and a textanalysis at a visiondocument in the aim of capture both the depht and the breadth of our chosen fields of study. The results we have found shows that the psycosocial work environment within the organization can be seen as interplay between individual and enviroment and between individuals as well and that this interaction is influenced by the organizational culture that is created by the organization`s political vision / I denna C-uppsats har vi undersökt vilken betydelse ledningens implementering av sin vision kring den psykosociala arbetsmiljön för de psykosociala relationerna har för relationerna mellan de anställda. Vi har främst utgått ifrån en hermeneutisk vetenskaplig ansats för att förstå vårt empiriska material. Då vi tolkat och gjort en socialpsykologisk analys kring vårt insamlade material har vi använt oss av Smith`s Institutionella etnografi, Sheff`s Sociala band och Asplund`s teori om social responsivitet. För att samla in det empiriska materialet har vi använt både kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod samt en textanalys av ett visionsdokument i syfte att dessa metoder kan fånga både djup och bredd av vårt valda studiefält. Resultatet vi kommit fram till visar på att den psykosociala arbetsmiljön inom organisationen kan ses som ett samspel mellan individ och miljö samt mellan individerna i sig och att detta samspel är påverkat av de organisationskultur som till viss del formas av organisationens personalpolitiska vision.

Dans cette étude, l’auteure décrit les relations entre des catholiques et des hindous chez les Tamouls originaires du Sri Lanka qui ont immigré à Montréal. Ce faisant, elle accentuera son étude sur les perspectives des catholiques tamouls, et ce particulièrement au cours de pèlerinages et à travers la dévotion mariale. Les relations entre catholiques et hindous sont ainsi codifiées par des normes sociales et culturelles. De plus, l’auteure démontre que la migration, de même que la société d’accueil, influence les interactions entre ces deux groupes. Dans ce contexte, la notion de syncrétisme devient un concept secondaire qui est principalement étudié en lien avec les normes sociales tamoules. Finalement, l’auteure démontre, à travers les pèlerinages et la dévotion mariale, que les catholiques entretiennent des rapports contradictoires avec les hindous. / In this study, the author discusses relations between Catholics and Hindus among Sri Lankan Tamils living in Montreal. By doing this, the author puts forward the prospects of Tamil Catholics through Catholic pilgrimages and Marian devotion. Thus, relations between Catholics and Hindus appear to be codified by social and cultural standards. Also, religious interactions seem to be transformed partly by migration and by the host society. In this context, « syncretism » becomes a secondary concept that is primarily studied in relations with Tamil social standards. Finally, through pilgrimages and Marian devotion, the author argues that Tamil Catholics maintain contradictory relations with Hindus.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The aim of this paper is to present the living conditions of homeless people and to explore the reasons which promote the social exclusion of homeless men and women.

En Sierra Leone, la marginalisation de l'agriculture est une composante essentielle de la crise économique, sociale et politique dont la manifestation la plus tragique a été la guerre civile entre 1991 et 2001. À l'échelle nationale, le secteur agricole représente toujours la majorité des actifs, mais la production alimentaire a chuté depuis les années 1970. Parallèlement au développement du secteur diamantifère, les importations massives de riz à bas coût, ont dévalorisé le travail des producteurs nationaux. Cette marginalisation se poursuit avec l'émergence, récente, d'un secteur agro-industriel financé par des capitaux internationaux.A l'échelle d'une petite région, cette crise des agricultures paysannes se décline selon une trajectoire spécifique. La diversité de la mosaïque paysagère témoigne de la transformation profonde des modes d'exploitation du milieu. Les paysans combinent la culture sur brûlis historique avec la riziculture inondée, le billonnage des savanes, les plantations pérennes, … La pression démographique a pesé sur ces dynamiques mais c'est la marchandisation des rapports sociaux qui a constitué la tendance déterminante. Les grands groupes domestiques, structurés par les rapports lignagers, ont éclaté. Aujourd'hui, les échanges de force de travail entre producteurs sont à l'origine de disparités économiques non négligeables. Cependant, dans des conditions d'intégration économique défavorables, la productivité du travail a stagné voire à reculé. De ce fait, la persistance de rapports sociaux d’antériorité, notamment l'adoption enfantine comme modalité d'accumulation, limite les processus de différenciation au sein de la paysannerie. / In Sierra Leone, the marginalization of the agriculture is inherent to the economic, social and political crisis that embroiled the country into a tragic civil war between 1991 and 2001. While, at the national scale, the agricultural sector still represents the larger part of the workforce, the food production has declined since the 1970s. Massive low cost rice imports, fuelled by the development of the diamond industry, have devalued the work of the national producers. Such marginalization continues with the recent emergence of agro-industrial units financed by international capitals.At the regional scale, the crisis of the peasant agriculture has followed a specific trajectory. The diversity of the landscape mosaic reflects the profound changes that affected the farming systems. Local farmers combine the historical slash and burn farming with swamp rice cropping, mounds cropping in savannah and tree plantations. Even if population pressure has impacted these dynamics, it is the commodification of social relations that was the decisive trend. The large domestic groups, structured by lineages, have broken up. Nowadays the labor exchanges between producers explain significant economic disparities. However, under unfavorable economic integration conditions, labor productivity has stagnated or even declined. Then, the persistence of social relations of precedence, including child fosterage as a form of accumulation, restricts the scope of the differentiation processes within the peasantry.

Cette thèse interroge les représentations de la sexualité et les constructions de la masculinité chez une population de jeunes Marocains (âgés de 20 à 30 ans), musulmans, immigrés en Alsace (France) et en Toscane (Italie). Ce travail s’attache à analyser le pouvoir de l’hétéronormativité et son influence sur les expériences de ces jeunes hommes pendant leur transition vers l’âge adulte à l’étranger. À travers une approche qualitative – fondée sur des entretiens semi-directifs et sur l’observation ethnographique –, cette étude montre que l’hétéronormativité, loin d’être un pouvoir monolithique et figé, est une norme plurielle. L’enquête menée met en évidence que la force hégémonique de l'hétéronormativité ne se limite pas à définir les significations sociales de la sexualité et les processus de l’identification de genre, mais qu’elle façonne également les représentations subjectives et collectives des âges, les relations intra et intergénérationnelles, les rapports entre populations majoritaires et minoritaires ainsi qu’entre populations minoritaires à l’étranger. L’analyse des conduites sexuelles et des masculinités devient le terrain pour une étude bien plus large des profils sociaux des jeunes interviewés. / This thesis investigates representations of sexuality and constructions of masculinity among young Moroccan Muslim men (aged between 20 and 30) who migrated to France (Alsace) and Italy (Tuscany). Sexual accounts and gender identification processes are the main fields to study heteronormativity and to show how its hegemonic power is interwoven with other social relations which define the transition to adulthood of these young men. By exploring the outcomes of a qualitative research – based on ethnographic observation and interviews – this study demonstrates that heteronormativity, far from being a monolithic power, is a plural norm which produces not only social constructions of sexuality and masculinity among young Moroccans, but also shapes intra- and intergenerational relationships, relations among minority groups, and between migrants and the majority population.

L'éducation sexuelle est d'abord culturelle, chaque culture a une définition de la sexualité qui se construit socialement et se pérennise au sein des familles. Si elle a longtemps été inexistante et silencieuse dans les familles de culture arabo-islamique, les filles de migrantes se sont vues remettre en question certains principes de leur culture d'origine et adopter une éducation sexuelle différente de celle de leur mère, alliant éducation religieuse et vision occidentale. Elles mettent en place des stratégies éducatives basées sur la quête de sens, la logique, la raison et la religion. Pour ce faire, elles transmettent une morale et se réfèrent bien souvent aux textes scripturaires pour convaincre leurs filles des bienfaits d'une sexualité axée sur la préservation. Elles insistent également sur la différence avec les « autres ». Afin d'appréhender au mieux l'éducation à la sexualité telle qu'elle a lieu dans les familles de culture arabo-islamique, notre enquête s'est étendue sur deux terrains de recherche : la France et la Kabylie. Ce choix a notamment permis de mieux saisir les évolutions à l’œuvre dans les familles françaises et de comprendre comment la trajectoire migratoire a transformé le rapport que les femmes entretiennent aux différentes formes de sexualités / Sex education is firstly cultural. Sexuality is a social construction which is being perpetuated inside families. For a long time, it has been inexistent and silent within Arab-Muslim families. Today, mothers are concerned about their culture and some principles. They adopted a new sex education, different from their mother's, combining religion and western vision. They are opting for educational strategies based on the quest of meaning, logic, reason and religion. That is why they transmit a morality and often refer to scriptural texts to convince their daughters about the benefits of a sexuality based on preservation. They insist on the “others” differences.

Entre as preocupações e os estudos sobre o processo de envelhecimento, existe uma área que tem recebido grande atenção: a “feminização da velhice”. As mulheres possuem uma maior expectativa de vida, com isso, as projeções para o futuro apontam para um crescimento da população idosa feminina e um relativo decréscimo da masculina. Esses índices não apenas destacam uma superioridade numérica das mulheres na velhice, mas nos fazem refletir sobre as necessidades de conhecer e contemplar esse maior segmento da população idosa nacional. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido num contexto de famílias urbanas de um bairro de classe popular da cidade de Porto Alegre, a Vila Fátima, e teve como objetivo principal analisar as funções que as mulheres idosas deste bairro estão desempenhando hoje em suas famílias. Os objetivos secundários foram: o levantamento do perfil socioeconômico das famílias deste bairro; a análise da estrutura familiar e da rede social de apoio das famílias; e a compreensão da percepção que a mulher idosa tem de si mesma dentro de sua família e na comunidade onde vive. Participaram do estudo nove mulheres, com idades entre 66 e 93 anos, moradoras da Vila Fátima, integrantes do Grupo de Terceira Idade do Centro de Extensão Universitária da PUC-RS. Nesta pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo e caráter etnográfico, utilizaram-se como instrumentos de coleta de dados: entrevistas com perguntas abertas, gravadas e posteriormente transcritas, que foram realizadas no próprio domicílio das participantes; um diário de campo e anotações sobre o Grupo de Terceira Idade. O estudo mostrou que o processo de adoecimento crônico, a prisão ou a perda precoce do companheiro, seja por morte ou por separação, levou sete entre as nove entrevistadas a constituir unidades-mãe-filhos e a assumir o papel de provedoras de seus lares. Os vizinhos, as creches locais e o posto de saúde formam a rede social de apoio na comunidade. Com o envelhecimento, algumas delas continuaram a viver na forma de unidade-mãe-filhos, e outras passaram a constituir unidade-mãe-filhos-netos. Elas continuaram a desempenhar um papel central no funcionamento de suas famílias e sustento de suas casas. Muitas das idosas assumiram a responsabilidade de criar e educar seus netos e bisnetos. A sua principal fonte de suporte social hoje são seus filhos. A coresidência é uma realidade muito presente nesse contexto. Ela tem gerado um aumento da taxa de escolarização, uma redução do trabalho infantil e proporcionado trocas intensas e prolongadas entre as gerações. As trocas de carinho, o diálogo aberto com os netos e a disponibilidade de estar presente e ser uma referência são características marcantes nos discursos das idosas. A relação afetiva firmada com as gerações mais jovens possibilita aos idosos uma releitura crítica de suas trajetórias pessoais e a construção de um novo sentido de vida. / Among the concerns and studies on the aging process, there is an area that has been getting much attention, viz. the “femininization of poverty.” Women are living longer and consequently have a higher life expectancy. Estimates indicate that the female senior population will continue to grow in the future and the male senior population will undergo a relative decline. These indices not only reveal the existence of a larger number of women in old age, but also lead us to reflect on the need to get to know and to take into account the demands of this growing population segment. This research project was developed in a context of urban families in a low income neighborhood (“Vila Fátima”) of the city of Porto Alegre, the capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Its main goal was to analyze the roles that senior women of that neighborhood are playing in their families in the present. The secondary goals were to identify the socio-economic profile of the families living in “Vila Fátima”, to analyze the family structure and the families’ social support network and to understand the senior women’s perception of themselves within their families and community. The study’s participants were nine women aged 66 to 93 who live in that neighborhood and are members of the Senior Citizens’ Group of the Extension Center of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul. The study has a qualitative and ethnographic character and used the following data collection tools: interviews with open-ended questions (conducted at the participants’ homes), that were recorded and then transcribed; a field diary and notes on the Senior Citizens’ Group. The research project showed that the process of chronic illness, imprisonment or early loss of the spouse, either because of death or separation, led seven out of the nine interviewed women to constitute family units made up of mother and children and to become providers of their homes. Neighbors, local day care centers and the health care station are their social support network in the community. As they grew older, some of them continued to live in that form of family unit and others constituted family units made up of mother, children and grandchildren. They continued to play a central role in the functioning and support of their families. Many of the senior women took on the responsibility of raising their grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Their children are their main source of social support today. Co-residence is common phenomenon in this context. It has led to an increase in the schooling rate, a reduction of child labor and the possibility of intensive and prolonged exchanges between the generations. The exchange of affection, open dialog with grandchildren and their availability as resource persons are outstanding features in the senior women’s utterances. The affective relationship with the younger generations enables the elderly to critically reread their life stories and to construct a new meaning in life.

The thesis ``Quality of life in patients with chronic disease of musculoskeletal system`` is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with quality of life in general, its assessment, with chronic diseases of musculoskeletal system and their impact on quality of life. The objective of the thesis is stated and hypotheses are set in the practical part by means of which the research itself was started. The following chapter ``Methodology{\crqq} describes the research technique and methods used to confirm or disprove given objective and hypotheses stated. The next chapter ``Results{\crqq} contains charts and graphs with final values and their verbal description. Information obtained from the research is confronted in the discussion.

A tese “O valor social do trabalho doméstico e a justiça consubstancial” versa sobre a relação entre o valor do trabalho doméstico remunerado e a justiça. Um modelo de análise da divisão do trabalho, à luz da ideia de Justiça de Gênero de Nancy Fraser, é elaborado para responder à problemática. Neste se leva em conta as relações sociais consubstanciais de poder do trabalho doméstico (KERGOAT, 2010) e as dimensões socioeconômica, moral e política da divisão do trabalho social, a fim de conceber um paradigma ampliado de justiça, para a reflexão do trabalho doméstico atual. A equiparação dos direitos do trabalho doméstico a outros empregos regidos pela CLT (Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas) ocorreu, no Brasil, em 2015, após um longo processo de quarenta e três anos, demonstrando a participação limitada das trabalhadoras nas instâncias de decisão sobre a justiça no trabalho doméstico. Assim sendo, o objetivo geral da tese consiste em analisar a (des)valorização do trabalho doméstico e da categoria trabalhadora em sua relação com as concepções de Justiça e de Divisão Social do Trabalho. O trabalho de campo foi realizado em Salvador, Bahia, optando-se por uma análise de natureza qualitativa, através da coleta de dados de cinquenta entrevistas em profundidade (ANDER-EGG, 1998). Essas são amparadas no instrumento de roteiro de entrevistas e examinadas com o procedimento de análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011). Realizou-se, ainda, uma triangulação metodológica, com uso da etnografia (GUBER, 2005) e do diário de campo. A tese direciona-se à ampliação da perspectiva de justiça, através da justiça de gênero e da consubstancialidade das relações sociais no trabalho doméstico, forjando-se a ideia de justiça consubstancial. / The thesis “Consubstantial justice and the social value of domestic labor” deals with the relationship between the value of paid domestic work and justice. An analytical model of the division of labor in the light of Nancy Fraser’s idea of Gender Justice is elaborated to answer this question. The idea of Consubstantial social relations of power and domestic work (Kergot, 2010) and the socioeconomic, moral and political dimensions of labor are taken into account in order to design an expanded paradigm of justice, reflecting on the current state of domestic work. Domestic work in Brazil received equal labor rights to other jobs under the CLT (Labor rights consolidation) only in 2015, after a long process of forty-three years, demonstrating the limited participation of workers in the law-making on domestic work rights. Therefore, the general aim of the thesis is to analyze the (de)valuation of domestic work and it’s working class, in relation to the concepts of Justice and Social Division of Labor. The field work was performed in Salvador, Bahia. The chosen method of analysis was qualitative nature, by collecting fifty in-depth interviews (ANDER-EGG, 1998). These are supported in interviews script tool and examined with content analysis procedure (Bardin, 2011). Also a methodological triangulation was conducted, using ethnography (GUBER, 2005) and the field journal. The thesis aims to the expansion of justice perspective, through gender justice and consubstantiality of social relations in domestic work, forging up the idea of consubstantial justice.