The purpose of this study is to find out what the educators idea of educational documentations in ratio to childrens inclusion and impact in pre-school are, together with the child's own perception of the concepts of documentation. We proceeded from the following issues: What are the significance of educational work according to the teachers? What is the teachers idea of a childs impact and inclusion in educational documentation? In what way do the children have influence over, and inclusion in educational documentation? What are the childrens feelings of the documentations? In order to find answers to our questions, we used qualitative examinations consisting of seven educators and seven children from various pre-schools in Stockholm, and thereby, we have analyzed our results. As our theoretical frame, we used ourselves of Vygotskijs and Säljö's sociocultural perspective that is about "progress and learning", which is achieved by interaction and cooperation in a social context. The result shows that the aim of educational documentation is to reveal the childs development and learning, and also to involve the parents by putting up documents on the wall. It is important for children to both participate and influence both the documentation and other sections of the school where it affects the children, but this is sometimes hard to fulfill in all situations. The educators realises that to make the children participate, they simply have to rely on the child group and their interest. They also have given activities that everyone should follow. The lack of time is an obstacle for all educators, but what they all have in common is that having the participation and weight of the child would benefit the childs growth.

Informations- och kommunikationstekniken (IKT) är en viktig del av vår vardag, då tekniken på olika sätt förenklar och effektiviserar vårt dagliga agerande på arbetet och i hemmet. Genom att interagera med tekniken kan vi kommunicera med andra människor, på en mängd olika sätt genom en mängd olika medier. Förskolan ska på ett lustfyllt och varierande sätt spegla samhällets utbredning av de digitala verktygen och lärplattan har blivit allt mer vanligt förekommande i förskoleverksamheten. Lärplattan har många egenskaper och möjligheter, exempelvis kan det möjliggöra tillfällen av språklig interaktion med olika samtalspartner, medier och genrer, vilket kan utveckla barns kommunikativa kompetenser. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka förutsättningarna för och användandet av lärplattan som ett digitalt verktyg i barnets litteracitetsutveckling på förskolan. Studien baseras på en mindre enkätundersökning riktad till förskolechefer samt intervjuer med tre pedagoger som aktivt arbetar med lärplattan på förskolan. Denna metod tror jag på bästa möjliga sätt ska kunna uppfylla uppsatsens syfte. Resultatet visar att förutsättningarna på förskolorna är relativt lika. Förskolechefernas erfarenhet av lärplattor och deras synsätt till användandet av lärplattor i verksamheten är mestadels positivt. Samtliga förskolor som informanterna representerar har tillgång till lärplattor, i olika utsträckning. Det som skiljer förskolorna åt är hur den praktiska implementeringen genomförts. Resultatet visar även att praktiken är relativt lika varandra. De intervjuade pedagogerna talar om ett medvetet användande, en närvarande pedagog och ett meningsfullt lärandesammanhang. De olika situationerna där barnen använder lärplattan, har litteracitet som en gemensam nämnare. Pedagogerna använder inte begreppet litteracitet, men de beskriver situationer för språkande och kommunikation, ur ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. / Information and communication technology (ICT) is an essential part of our everyday life, as the technology in different ways simplifies and streamlines our daily behavior at work and at home. By interacting with the technology we are able to communicate with other people, in a variety of ways through a variety of media. Preschools should in an enjoyable and varied way reflect the propagation of digital tools in society and the learning tablet has become increasingly common in early childhood education. This tool has many features and capabilities, for example, it may allow for occasions of linguistic interaction with various interlocutors, media and genres, which can develop children's communication skills. The purpose of this paper is to examine the conditions for and use of the learning tablet as a digital tool in the child's development of literacy, in preschool. The study is based on a smaller survey of preschool managers and interviews with three teachers who are actively working with the learning tablet in preschool. I believe that this method is the best way to fulfill the thesis purpose. The result shows that the conditions in the preschools are relatively similar. Preschool managers' experience of learning tablets and there approach to the use of learning tablets in preschool, is mostly positive. Every preschool which the informants are representing have access to learning tablets, in different extents. What distinguishes the preschools apart is how the practical implementation is carried out. The results also show that the effect is relatively similar. The interviewed teachers talk about a conscious use, a present educator and a meaningful learning context. The different situations, in which children use the learning tablet, have literacy as a common denominator. The teachers don’t use the concept of literacy, but they describe situations for language and communication, from a sociocultural perspective.

Swedish pre-school teachers are in the middle of a debate regarding a form of general school competence that today is criticized by mass media. The training and skill development that is used today is an important tool in the development of the organization as well as the people that work in them. This study aims to explain how this training actually is performed and the opinions of the pre-school teachers that actually finish the training. Previous research in this area has primarily been focused at the types of methods that exists from an executive standpoint. This study, instead, aims to shift that focus to the individual worker. As the theoretical background we both apply a general sociocultural perspective as defined by Leontiev, which is supplemented by a motivational and emotional perspective from Illeris three dimensions of learning. The study is based on semi-structured interviews from seven respondents in the public sector. The data that is presented is to be viewed as having qualitative potential, and should be read with that in mind. The results from the study points at several problematic areas where pre-school teachers claim the training to be of lackluster standards. One common theme that can be noticed from most respondents is that different workgroups experience different problems and different advantages. Despite this there are two main areas that heavily affects some situations - the leadership and the degree of individual adaptation. / Svenska förskollärare befinner sig mitt i en debatt kring skolkompetens som idag kritiseras av massmedier. Kompetensutvecklingen som bedrivs existerar idag som ett kraftfullt verktyg för att förbättra såväl organisationen som de människor som arbetar där. Studien ämnar belysa hur denna kompetensutveckling faktiskt går till och vilka åsikter förskollärare har kring den. Tidigare forskning i ämnet fokuserar främst på vilka typer av metoder för kompetensutveckling som existerar ur ett chefsperspektiv. Vi ämnar istället att skifta detta fokus till den individuella arbetstagaren. Som teoretisk bakgrund applicerar vi dels ett allmänt sociokulturellt perspektiv som definierat av Leontiev, vilket kompletteras med ett drivkrafts- och emotionsperspektiv från Illeris tre dimensioner av lärande. Studien är utförd via semistrukturerade intervjuer om sju respondenter i den offentliga sektorn. Den data som presenteras anser vi ha kvalitativ potential och bör därmed tolkas med det som bakgrund. Resultatet pekar på olika problemområden där förskollärare anser kompetensutvecklingen vara bristfällig, men ett gemensamt tema via samtliga respondenter är att olika arbetsgrupper upplever olika problem och olika fördelar. Trots detta existerar det två huvudsakliga faktorer som kraftigt påverkar samtliga situationer, ledarskapet och graden av individuell anpassning.

The project of this thesis is to illuminate the teacher perspective on study visits by examining how six religion teachers relate to the study visit method in high school religious education. The research object of the thesis is to investigate whether teachers believe there are viable didactic possibilities and challenges associated with the study visit concept in education, and to define them if present. The results show that the main didactic advantage, as perceived by the teachers participating in this study, lies in the meeting the study visit enables. A meeting may lead to increased insight and understanding of other people’s way of thinking, conceiving and believing. It may result in improved understanding of religiosity in general and religious identity in particular. The teachers also acknowledged that impressions and activities of a study visit may be remembered longer, as such learning methods incorporate our senses more integrally, allowing us to remember them better. The study visit is an experience the students may find useful long after graduation. One didactic challenge teachers identified is that of time and commitment investment for the individual teacher. All participants agreed that a clearly defined aim is imperative to a successful study visit, emphasizing the importance of conducting preparatory work before and after the event. The teachers also identified a didactic challenge regarding representativity. One side of the problem regarded the selection, what religions would be included in the study visits program? It was also a matter of deciding who would be representing an entire religion. The didactic challenge presented by representativity has been prioritized and is linked to theories on sociocultural perspectives on learning and intercultural pedagogy. Viewing teaching methods in a sociocultural perspective, one can conclude that students are absorbing knowledge by making study visits. The difficulty for the teacher lies in identifying what they are learning. Adopting intercultural pedagogy could circumvent this. Students are then equipped with an intercultural awareness. They will have the tools to interpret this meeting in a meaningful way, recognizing the qualities and benefits of a multicultural society. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att belysa ett lärarperspektiv på studiebesök genom att undersöka hur sex religionslärare förhåller sig till metoden studiebesök i religionskunskap på gymnasiet. Uppsatsens forskningsfrågor är huruvida lärarna anser att det finns några religionsdidaktiska möjligheter och utmaningar med att använda sig av studiebesök och i sådana fall vilka. Resultatet visar att de didaktiska möjligheterna lärarna ser är framför allt mötet som ett studiebesök kan generera. Mötet kan ge eleverna insikter och förståelse för andra människors sätt att tänka, tycka och tro samt ge förståelse för människors religiösa identitet och religiositet överlag. Lärarna ser också en möjlighet i att ett studiebesök kan leva kvar längre eftersom de aktiverar fler sinnen och på så sätt enklare fastnar i minnet. Studiebesöket blir då en erfarenhet som eleverna kommer att bära med sig ut i samhället efter examen. En didaktisk utmaning som lärarna beskriver är att det krävs både tid och engagemang för läraren. För att ett studiebesök ska bli lyckat anser alla att det är viktigt att ha ett tydligt syfte med studiebesöket och betonar vikten av både för- och efterarbete. Lärarna såg också en didaktisk utmaning vad gällde representativitet. Problemet handlade dels om urval, alltså vilka religioner och livsåskådningar som skulle få utrymme i studiebesök och vilka som uteblev. Det handlade också om vem som skulle få representera en hel religion. Den didaktiska utmaningen som representativitet innebär har i uppsatsen fått ett särskilt utrymme och kopplats till teorin om sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande och interkulturell pedagogik. Genom ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande kan man konstatera att eleverna lär sig något genom ett studiebesök, svårigheterna för lärarna är att veta vad eleverna lär sig. Att använda interkulturell pedagogik skulle kunna vara ett sätt att hantera denna problematik. Eleverna utrustas då med en interkulturell medvetenhet och får på så sätt redskap för att kunna tolka detta möte på ett mer meningsfullt sätt och därmed se kvalitéerna i ett mångkulturellt samhälle.

Submitted by JESSICA LAIRA DE ARAUJO ESGOTI ULIANA (jessica.esgoti@etec.sp.gov.br) on 2018-04-03T21:43:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 uliana_jlae_me_sjrp.pdf: 2692798 bytes, checksum: 3b4391555da0676780bf487ef8ab09c2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-04-04T13:43:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 uliana_jlae_me_sjrp.pdf: 2692798 bytes, checksum: 3b4391555da0676780bf487ef8ab09c2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-04T13:43:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 uliana_jlae_me_sjrp.pdf: 2692798 bytes, checksum: 3b4391555da0676780bf487ef8ab09c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-05 / Esta é uma investigação qualitativo-interpretativista de cunho etnográfico que visou analisar como se configura o processo de ensino-aprendizagem em aulas do componente de Inglês Instrumental no curso Técnico em Açúcar e Álcool, oferecido por uma instituição técnica pública do estado de São Paulo. O estudo foi realizado por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas, autobiografia da professora e entrevista, questionário aos alunos, observação, anotações em diário, gravação em vídeo, transcrição e análise das aulas, assim como sessão de visionamento com a professora participante e análise do plano de curso, sendo os dados interpretados à luz da perspectiva sociocultural (VYGOTSKY, 1989; JOHNSON, 2009; LANTOLF; POEHNER, 2014; van COMPERNOLLE, 2015). O objetivo principal da pesquisa foi compreender melhor o processo de ensinoaprendizagem, buscando contribuir para que a professora e demais professores possam repensar ou reafirmar seus papéis em sala de aula. O presente trabalho teve como pergunta e subperguntas de pesquisa: 1.Como se configura a (co)construção de conhecimentos em aulas de Inglês Instrumental no curso Técnico em Açúcar e Álcool sob a perspectiva sociocultural?, 1.1.Que elementos são levados em conta pela professora para essa (co)construção?, 1.2.Como se constrói a interação professor x aluno em sala de aula?, 1.3.Como se configura a negociação de significados na interação professor x aluno e aluno x aluno?, 1.3.1.Que papéis desempenha o professor?, 1.3.2.Que papéis desempenham os alunos?. Por meio da análise dos dados obtidos pode-se afirmar que as interações da professora favorecem a construção do conhecimento dos alunos, apresentando a coconstrução entre ambos, mas não é possível afirmar que essa coconstrução seja frequente. / This is a qualitative interpretative research of an ethnographic nature that aimed at investigating how the teaching-learning process is configured in ESP (English for Specific Purposes) classes of the Sugar and Alcohol Technical Course offered by a public technical institution of the state of São Paulo. The study was carried out by bibliographical research, the teacher's autobiography and interview, questionnaire to the students, observation, notes, video recordings, transcription and analysis of the classes, as well as a viewing session with the teacher and the course plan analysis, being the data interpreted in the light of the sociocultural perspective (VYGOTSKY, 1989; JOHNSON, 2009; LANTOLF; POEHNER, 2014; van COMPERNOLLE, 2015). The main objective of the research was to better understand the teaching-learning process, seeking to contribute so that the participating teacher and others can rethink or reaffirm their roles in the classroom. The present work had as question and sub-questions of research: 1.How is the (co)construction of knowledge configured in ESP classes of Sugar and Alcohol Technical Course from a sociocultural perspective?, 1.1.What elements are taken into account by the teacher for this (co)construction?, 1.2.How is the student-teacher interaction constructed in the classroom?, 1.3.How is the negotiation of meanings configured in the teacher-student and studentstudent interaction?, 1.3.1. What roles does the teacher play?, 1.3.2.What roles do students play?. Based on the analysis of the obtained data, it can be affirmed that the teacher’s interactions contribute to the construction of the students’ knowledge, presenting the co-construction between both, but it is not possible to state that this co-construction is frequent.

Submitted by Mariana da Silva Cassemiro null (ma.cassemiro@gmail.com) on 2018-04-05T22:37:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE VOLUME FINAL_Mariana Cassemiro.pdf: 2065397 bytes, checksum: 77a5727a6184b672736d2db4f6796d02 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-04-06T17:45:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cassemiro_ms_dr_sjrp.pdf: 2065397 bytes, checksum: 77a5727a6184b672736d2db4f6796d02 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-06T17:45:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cassemiro_ms_dr_sjrp.pdf: 2065397 bytes, checksum: 77a5727a6184b672736d2db4f6796d02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e base etnográfica, objetiva investigar a (co) construção de conhecimentos teórico-práticos na formação inicial de professores de língua inglesa no norte do Brasil a partir de uma perspectiva sociocultural, conforme proposta por, principalmente, Johnson (2009), Vieira-Abrahão (2012), Johnson e Golombek (2011, 2016) e Lantolf e Poehner (2014), respondendo à grande pergunta de pesquisa: Como se dá a (co) construção de conhecimentos teórico-práticos na formação inicial de professores de inglês em uma universidade pública no norte do Brasil?. Outras três questões orientaram o desenvolvimento desta investigação: (1) Quais conceitos cotidianos e científicos de língua, ensino e aprendizagem são apresentados pelos alunos-professores antes de cursarem a disciplina de Metodologia I?; (2) Quais conceitos científicos de língua, ensino e aprendizagem são introduzidos e de que modo são trabalhados nas disciplinas de Metodologia I e II e Estágio I e II?; (3) Quais conceitos cotidianos e científicos de língua, ensino e aprendizagem podem ser inferidos das práticas e dos discursos dos alunos-professores por ocasião dos estágios supervisionados e como esses conceitos se relacionam aos conceitos científicos introduzidos nas disciplinas de Metodologia I e II e Estágio I e II? . Os instrumentos de coleta e geração de dados utilizados foram gravações de aulas em áudio, diários da pesquisadora, questionários, sessões de feedback, entrevistas e relatórios de estágio. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos conceitos de língua, ensino e aprendizagem apresentados pelos futuros professores refere-se a concepções tradicionais. Os conceitos científicos de língua, ensino e aprendizagem introduzidos no curso de formação são oriundos dos paradigmas estrutural e comunicativo de ensino de línguas estrangeiras e foram diretamente transmitidos aos alunos-professores. No estágio supervisionado, os conceitos que sobressaíram possivelmente dizem respeito aos adquiridos por meio da aprendizagem de observação, com pouca influência dos conceitos introduzidos no curso de formação. / This ethnographic and qualitative research study aims at investigating the (co) construction of teacher knowledge in initial teacher education in the north of Brazil from a sociocultural perspective as proposed mainly by Johnson (2009),Vieira-Abrahão (2012), Johnson and Golombek (2011, 2016) and Lantolf and Poehner (2014), answering the major research question: How does the (co) construction of teacher knowledge occur in initial teacher education in the north of Brazil?. Three other questions oriented the development of this investigation: (1) What language, teaching and learning everyday and scientific concepts are held by teacher-learners before taking Metodologia I? (2) What language, teaching and learning scientific concepts are introduced and how are they worked in Metodologia I and II and Estágio I and II?; (3) What language, teaching and learning everyday and scientific concepts can be inferred from the teacher-learners’ practices and discourses at internship and how are these concepts related to the scientific ones introduced in Metodologia I and II and Estágio I and II? The instruments used to collect data were audio class recordings, researcher’s diaries, questionnaires, feedback sessions, interviews and internship reports. The results showed that most language, teaching and learning concepts held by the future English teachers refer to traditional conceptions. The language, teaching and learning scientific concepts introduced in the teacher education program came from structural and communicative paradigms in the second language teaching framework and were directly transmitted to teacher-learners. At internship the inferred concepts are likely to refer to the ones acquired through apprenticeship of observation, with little influence from the ones introduced in the teacher education program.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur mellanstadieelever kommunicerar med varandra när de spelar datorspel tillsammans för att synliggöra hur spel kan påverka elevers muntliga kommunikativa språkfärdigheter i engelska. Forskning tyder på att datorspel kan förbättra elevers ordförråd i engelska genom att de kommunicerar och samarbetar med andra personer. Studien grundar sig i Vygotskijs sociokulturella perspektiv där språket är ett redskap för att lära sig nya saker. För att besvara studiens syfte har en mellanstadieklass observerats när de har spelat ett datorspel i par. Eleverna har observerats och spelats in. Resultatet visar att eleverna mest kommunicerade med sin kamrat de spelade tillsammans med. När eleverna pratade med varandra angående ord i spelet översattes de inte till svenska. Istället försökte eleverna förklara för varandra vad ordet betydde och hur det skulle användas. När eleverna sa ett engelskt ord i ett svenskt sammanhang böjdes ordet med en svensk ändelse. Eleverna visade att de hade förståelse för hur orden skulle användas och i vilket sammanhang ordet kan användas. / The purpose of this study is to examine how middle school pupils communicate between them when they are playing computer games to visible how games can affect pupil’s oral communication language skill in English. Scientists believe that computer games can improve pupil’s vocabulary through communication and collaboration with other people. This study is using Vygotskij’s sociocultural perspective, that the language is a tool to learn new things. To answer this study’s purpose a class of middle school pupils has been observed while playing a computer game in pair. The result show that the pupils communicated a lot with their partner. When they talked about an English word they did not translate it. Instead they talked about its meaning and how it was supposed to be used. When they bent an English word in a Swedish sentence they used Swedish grammar and suffix. The pupils showed that they had language skill to use the English words that occurred in their dialogues.

Health differs among people and education about health is of value to maintain and develop health. In a developing country as Fiji may the definition of health be of different holistic character, compared to industrial countries. It is important to clarify that no view of health is more right or wrong, but has been adapted to the existing conditions and culture within the arena. Knowledge about how to teach about health in a developing country is needed, where health is not as prioritized as other factors, for example to have an income. The aim of this study is to identify health as a concept and identify what strategies that are being used by the teachers to implement health education in Fiji. The research questions were used as contribution to the study’s aim to help the researchers understand how the participants of the study define health as a concept and investigate how pedagogical strategies are being used and what challenges they experience with their teaching. The study has an ethnographic approach with interviews and observations, which are methods used in a qualitative research. The results show there is lots of knowledge about certain themes within health among the teachers, but limited knowledge about health from a holistic perspective. The main conclusion regarding the study’s aim is that there are limited knowledge on how to conduct health education at the two participating schools in Fiji. The definition of health among the interviewed teachers were equivalent and with limited understanding of the concept.

SammanfattningSyftet med studien är att få reda på hur pedagoger beskriver och arbetar med begreppen ”barns inflytande” och delaktighet i förskolan. Detta är viktigt att få en inblick i, då dessa begrepp benämns som strävansmål i förskolans styrdokument, Lpfö 98/16 (Skolverket, 2016).Metoden som valts i studien är semi-strukturerade intervjuer, för att undersöka pedagogernas uppfattningar kring deras erfarenheter av barns inflytande och delaktighet i förskolan och vad begreppet betyder för dem som pedagoger. Fyra pedagoger intervjuades till studien.I studiens resultat kan man utläsa att begreppet inflytande definieras som att det handlar om att involvera barnen i verksamheten och att de får möjlighet att bestämma men också om hur barnen blir delaktiga i verksamheten. Pedagogerna är enade om att barnen bör ha möjlighet till inflytande över sin vardag. Det gäller att hitta en strategi så möjligheten finns till att se varje barn och dess intresse. Det är viktigt att barnen får uttrycka sina åsikter och att man som pedagog tar till sig av dem. Pedagogerna tydliggör vikten av hur kroppsspråk och bilder är bra hjälpmedel för att visa tydlighet, förstå och göra sig förstådda, då de yngre barnen kan sakna det verbala språket. Dessa hjälpmedel underlättar för barnen att kunna påverka sin situation och möjligheten till inflytande i verksamheten. / The purpose of this study is to find out about pre-school teachers´ description and work with the concept of "children´s influence" and participation. This is important since this is one of the preschool assignment according to the preschool curriculum Lpfö 98 (Skolverket, 2016).To study preschool teachers' experiences and thoughts about children's influence and partici-pation in preschool, semi-structured interviews were conducted with four preschool teachers. The study results show that the concept of influence is defined as involving the children in the business and that they have the opportunity to decide, but also how the children participate in the activities. The preschool teachers show a variation in experiencing children’s influence the meanings and conception differentiated. Some preschool teachers perceive it as children should decide more in preschool. Others believe children should be more involved in every-day decisions and activities.Children should have the opportunity to influence their everyday lives, as a preschool teacher this is about finding a strategies and opportunities to see each child and its interest. The preschool teachers clarify the importance of how body language and images are useful tools to show clarity and understanding, when younger children don´t have the verbal language. It is important for the preschool teacher to be responsive, listening and enable possibilities for the children to express their needs and desires.These educational strategies make it easier for the children to influence their situation and the ability to influence in preschool.

In today’s school, reading difficulties are a common problem which must be attended to at an early stage for the good of the pupils. The aim of the study was to investigate how ten teachers describe their teaching strategies for pupils with reading difficulties in grades 1–3. Motivation is also examined as a central part of the study. To answer the questions posed by the study, interviews were conducted, compiled and analysed on the basis of sociocultural and motivation theories. Previous research serving as a foundation for discussion concerned early literacy, reading difficulties, perspectives on learning to read, and the teacher’s role. The conclusions that can be drawn from the results show that it is essential for the teacher to find the right level for all pupils, and the teacher should be there all the time as a support for pupils with reading difficulties. The teacher also needs to find a balance between inner and outer motivation so that the pupils will feel interested in reading.