Although the Dimensions of the Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ) has been widely accepted by the HRD community, it has not been tested in a startup context for reliability. The purpose of the current study is to explore if the DLOQ is a reliable instrument for startups to help them be more successful. The current study seeks to address some of the questions, which have been posed by previous researchers. The study utilizes a mixed-method design applying Cronbach alpha values to check the reliability of the instrument in a startup learning environment, with more than 600 participants and 42 startup businesses at a university in the Mountain West. The study uses objective financial measures for startup firms to explore the correlation between the seven dimensions of the DLOQ and startup companies at the university. Cronbach alphas for the instrument measured at the .80 level or higher. Four of the dimensions were found to be statistically significant resulting in a model that accounted for 30% of the variance in predicted Operating Income (p<.004) and 29% of the variances in predicted Net Income (p<.003). The study also uses qualitative analysis to explore what activities relate to the seven dimensions of the DLOQ, and if those activities would be considered complex and disruptive. Thirteen activity clusters were identified and found to be relevant to startups and the seven dimensions of the DLOQ.

No description available.

Цель исследования – опираясь на теоретические и практические основы управления стартапами, разработать модельный подход для повышения эффективности управления стартапами за счет разработки и внедрения информационных систем распределения внутренних инвестиционных потоков в компаниях. Объектом исследования является архитектура малого инновационного предприятия на ранних стадиях жизненного цикла (стартап). Предметом исследования дипломной работы являются методы, инструменты и информационные системы стратегического управления развитием малых инновационных предприятий (стартапов). Научная новизна исследования состоит в разработке метода оптимального управления развитием стартапа для эффективного вливания средств к его развитию. Практическая значимость исследования заключается в применении авторских предложений по совершенствованию процесса управления развитием стартапа в условиях трансформации экономики. Эффективность рекомендаций – предложенный автором подход по эффективному управлению развитием стартапа позволит отражать состояние проектов на каждом этапе развития, находящихся в акселераторе, в тех сочетаниях, которые способны привести к возникновению синергетического эффекта между реализуемыми проектами и привести жизненные циклы акселерации и реализуемых им проектов к состоянию резонанса. / The purpose of the study is, based on the theoretical and practical foundations of start-up management, to develop a model approach to improve the efficiency of start-up management through the development and implementation of information systems for the distribution of internal investment flows in companies. The object of the study is the architecture of a small innovative enterprise in the early stages of its life cycle (startup). The subject of the thesis research is methods, tools and information systems for strategic management of the development of small innovative enterprises (startups). The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of a method for optimal management of the development of a startup for the effective injection of funds for its development. The practical significance of the study lies in the application of the author’s proposals for improving the process of managing the development of a startup in the context of economic transformation. The effectiveness of recommendations - the approach proposed by the author for effectively managing the development of a startup will allow reflecting the state of projects at each stage of development in the accelerator, in those combinations that can lead to a synergistic effect between the projects being implemented and bringing the life cycles of acceleration and the projects it implements to a state of resonance.

User experience is today widely known but the complexity of this phenomenon is rarely left unnoticed. It is righteous to claim that the mobile application landscape is characterized by tough competition and high demands from users. To meet these demands the performance of the application is essential. There appears to exist consensus in existing literature regarding the importance of performance attributes for the user experience of mobile applications. However, there is limited research on how startup time is perceived and its effects on the user experience. Hence, this thesis aims to contribute to this field by investigating the formulated research question: To what extent does startup performance affect the user experience for a mobile application? Using a mixed method approach, this research aims to deepen the understanding of how end users of mobile applications perceive performance. The quantitative part of this study investigates what proxy variables that affect the performance during the startup process of a mobile application. The qualitative part aims to assess how users perceive startup time with respect to influencing factors and the effects on user experience. / Användarupplevelse är idag ett välkänt men komplext fenomen. Marknaden för mobila applikationer karaktäriseras av hård konkurrens och höga krav från användarna där tidigare studier har fastställt att prestanda-attribut har betydelse för användarupplevelsen. Det finns däremot begränsad empirisk litteratur kring hur prestanda uppfattas av användarna och effekterna på användarupplevelsen. Det är inom detta område som denna uppsats syftar till att bidra med kunskap. Detta genom att undersöka och besvara den formulerade forskningsfrågan: I vilken utsträckning påverkar start-prestandan användarupplevelsen för en mobilapplikation? Genom att använda en kombination av kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder, syftar studien till att öka förståelsen kring hur användare av mobila applikationer uppfattar prestanda. Den kvantitativa studien undersöker vilka proxy-variabler som påverkar starttiden för en mobilapplikation. Den kvalitativa studien syftar följaktligen till att utvärdera hur användare uppfattar starttiden för en mobilapplikation med hänsyn till externa faktorer och dess effekt på användarupplevelsen.

Considering that technology is developing at a rapid pace, the venture capital landscape changes due to R&amp;D and product maturity life cycles shortening dramatically compared to 50 years ago, thus impacting the portfolio of a VC and its future investment opportunities. However, this relationship between digitalization and venture capital remains underexamined in literature. The research problem is thus to explore how venture capital and the industries it backs have been shaped by digitalization and thus deep tech within the context of Europe. The literature review as a method is examining mechanisms propelled by the digitalization behind the top five VC-backed industries between 2015- 2019 in Europe. In this research, deep tech is a major factor as to why industries have been the most heavily invested in due to their predicted potential exploiting the use of digital technologies. Further research should explore this relationship deeper through obtaining primary data with a quantitative approach to strengthen the implications of the findings. / Med tanke på att tekniken utvecklas i snabb takt förändras riskkapitallandskapet på grund av FoU och produktmognadets livscykler som förkortas dramatiskt jämfört med för 50 år sedan, vilket påverkar portföljen för en VC och dess framtida investeringsmöjligheter. Detta förhållande mellan digitalisering och riskkapital förblir emellertid inte undersökt i litteraturen. Forskningsproblemet är alltså att undersöka hur riskkapital och de industrier det stöder har formats av digitalisering och därmed djup teknik inom Europa. Litteraturöversynen som metod undersöker mekanismer som drivs av digitaliseringen bakom de fem främsta VC-stödda industrierna mellan 2015-2019 i Europa. I denna forskning är djup teknik en viktig faktor för varför industrier har varit de mest investerade i på grund av deras förutsagda potentiella utnyttjande av digital teknik. Ytterligare forskning bör undersöka detta förhållande för djupare förståelse genom insamlad primärdata och en kvantitativ metodik för att stärka konsekvenserna av resultaten.

Tesis por compendio / [EN] UNIVERSITY ENTREPRENEURS AND SPINUPS: THE CASE OF STARTUPV, THE BUSINESS ECOSYSTEM AT THE UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE VALÈNCIA Presented by: Daniel Martínez Aceves Directed by: Dr. Ignacio Gil Pechuán & Dr. José Millet Roig Abstract: The format chosen to present this doctoral thesis is the compendium of publications. Each of the three selected articles provides new data to respond to the objectives and issues raised by the thesis: the characterization of the university entrepreneur and the firms that are generated by entrepreneurial university ecosystems. The compendium begins with a general analysis based on an international sample of 12 countries and 20,000 graduates, and ends with a particular case study of entrepreneurs linked to a local university ecosystem. Describing the different characteristics that exist among young university entrepreneurs, self-employed workers and employees at an international level, as well as identifying their competences is the objective of the first article. The second contribution focuses on the gender-related differences among entrepreneurs, identifying their motivation for undertaking new enterprises and establishing their potential differences The most significant differences in gender are closely related to conciliating work and personal/family life. Result from the third article show that universities can play a determining role in the generation of future high-growth firms. The study concludes that future research must contribute more data in order to continue to define a new concept in newly created firms: the spinup or university gazelle; a businesses founded at a university which is halfway between a startup and a spinoff company. Universities are natural incubators for projects that can help to solve social challenges and improve society. The objective of future research in this sense, should be to improve our understanding and analysis of the common characteristics that can be extrapolated to other ecosystems, which implies a sizeable challenge given the unique, inimitable nature of entrepreneurial ecosystems. / [ES] EMPRENDEDORES UNIVERSITARIOS Y SPINUPS: EL CASO DE STARTUPV, EL ECOSISTEMA EMPRENDEDOR DE LA UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE VALÈNCIA Presentada por: Daniel Martínez Aceves Dirigida por: Dr. Ignacio Gil Pechuán y Dr. José Millet Roig Resumen: El formato elegido para presentar la tesis es el de compendio de publicaciones. Cada uno de los tres artículos seleccionados, aporta nuevos datos a los objetivos y preguntas que se plantea esta tesis: caracterizar al emprendedor universitario y las empresas que se generan en los ecosistemas emprendedores universitarios. Se parte de un análisis general con una muestra internacional de 12 países y 20.000 egresados, para, posteriormente, concluir con un estudio de un caso concreto de emprendedores vinculados a un ecosistema universitario local. Describir las características diferenciales existentes entre los jóvenes emprendedores universitarios, los autónomos y los trabajadores a nivel internacional así como sus competencias es el objetivo del primer artículo. El segundo artículo, pretende identificar y analizar las posibles diferencias de género existentes entre los emprendedores en lo relativo a las motivaciones para crear una empresa y en la conciliación de la vida laboral y personal. Los resultados del tercer artículo, ponen de manifiesto que las universidades pueden tener un papel determinante en la generación de futuras empresas de alto crecimiento. En este último artículo se plantea un nuevo concepto de empresa, las "spinups", empresas fundadas en ecosistemas emprendedores universitarios que se encuentran entre las startups, las spinoffs y las empresas gacela. Las universidades son incubadoras naturales de proyectos de empresa, que en muchos casos pueden contribuir a la mejora de la sociedad. El objetivo de las futuras investigaciones debe ir dirigido hacia la comprensión y el análisis de las características comunes que puedan ser extrapolables a otros ecosistemas, lo cual supone un importante reto ya que los ecosistemas emprendedores son únicos e irrepetibles. / [CA] EMPRENEDORS UNIVERSITARIS I SPINUPS: EL CAS DE STARTUPV, L'ECOSISTEMA EMPRENEDOR DE LA UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE VALÈNCIA Presentada per: Daniel Martínez Aceves Dirigida per: Dr. Ignacio Gil Pechuán i Dr. José Millet Roig Resum: El format triat per a presentar la tesi és el de compendi de publicacions. Cadascún dels tres articles seleccionats, aporta noves dades als objectius i les preguntes que es plantega aquesta tesi: caracteritzar l'emprenedor universitari i les empreses que es generen en els ecosistemes emprenedors universitaris. Es parteix d'una anàlisi general amb una mostra internacional de 12 països i 20.000 egressats; per a, posteriorment, concloure amb un estudi d'un cas concret d'emprenedors vinculats a un ecosistema universitari local. Descriure les característiques diferencials existents entre els joves emprenedors universitaris, els autoempleats - els autònoms i els treballadors a nivell internacional així com les seues competències és l'objectiu del primer article. El segon, es centra en les diferències de gènere dels emprenedors, identificant les motivacions que porten a les emprenedores i als emprenedors a crear una empresa i veure les possibles diferències. Les diferències de gènere més significatives apareixen en la forma d'afrontar la conciliació de la vida laboral i personal. Els resultats del tercer article, posen de manifest que les universitats poden tindre un paper determinant en la generació de futures empreses d'alt creixement. Així i tot, futures recerques han d'aportar més dades per a seguir definint un nou concepte, "spinup" o empresa gasela universitària, una empresa fundada en un ecosistema emprenedor universitari que es troba entre una startup i una spinoff. Les universitats són incubadores naturals de projectes que poden ajudar a solucionar reptes socials i millorar la societat. L' objectiu de les futures recerques ha d'anar dirigit cap a la comprensió i anàlisi de les característiques comunes que puguen ser extrapolables a altres ecosistemes, la qual cosa suposa un important repte ja que els ecosistemes emprenedors són únics i irrepetibles. / Martínez Aceves, D. (2016). Emprendedores universitarios y spinups: El caso de startupv el ecosistema emprendedor de la Universitat Politècnica de València [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/64079 / Compendio

Ett affärskoncept har tagits fram och resulterat i en marknadsplats. Marknadsplatsen är en webbsida och mobil applikation vars syfte är att skapa värde av resursers bokningsbara tider som idag har generellt låg beläggning hos aktivitetsanläggningar inom sport, kultur och nöje. Marknadsplatsen är tänkt att samla ett brett utbud av lågbeläggningstider inom olika aktivitetstyper som är typiska vardagsaktiviteter som vänner gör tillsammans. Tanken är att bygga ett starkt varumärke för marknadsplatsen med det tydliga budskapet att "marknadsplatsen tillhandahåller ett brett utbud av prisvärda erbjudanden inom sport- och nöjesaktiviteter, om du väljer att anpassa ditt schema utifrån anläggningarnas lågbeläggningstider". Dessutom är det tänkt att marknadsplatsen ska ha funktionalitet som gör det enklare för användare att boka en tid via marknadsplatsen, genom att synkronisera de olika alternativ av aktiviteter och tider som personer inom en grupp av vänner är intresserade av. Marknadsplatsen är tänkt att riktas till målgrupper med personer som har flexibla scheman, framförallt egenföretagare, studenter och pensionärer. Det finns en god potential för en tredjepart att driva en marknadsplats som specialiserar sig på att skapa värde av lågbeläggningstider. Affärskonceptet hindrar inte anläggningarna från att själva göra ansträngningar för att höja beläggningen på dessa tider, och de kan använda marknadsplatsen som komplement till deras befintliga bokningssystem. Utifrån de anläggningar som har undersökts finns det en god potential för att öka en anläggnings omsättning med ungefär 330 000 kr per år. Affärskonceptet har tagits fram genom att göra en marknadsundersökning baserad på en teknisk produkt som initialt var utformad som ett bokningssystem med olika produktutvecklingsmöjligheter och olika tänkbara kundgrupper att adressera. Marknadsundersökningen gjordes iterativt utifrån projektledningsmetoden Lean Startup som kombinerats med kvalitativa marknadsundersökningstekniker från Innovation Games. / A business concept has been developed into a marketplace. The marketplace is a web and mobile application whose purpose is to create value out of resources' bookable time slots which today generally have low occupation rates at activity facilities within sports, culture and entertainment. The marketplace is intended to bring together a wide range of low occupation rate time slots for different activity types, with types of activities that friends typically do together an ordinary day. The idea is to build a strong brand for the marketplace with the clear message that "the marketplace provides a wide range of affordable offerings for sports and spare time activities, if you choose to adjust your schedule to fit the facilities' low occupation rate time slots". In addition, the marketplace should have functionality that makes it easier for end-users to find a time slot through the marketplace that fits everyone, by synchronizing the various options of activities and time slots preferences that people within a group of friends are interested in. The marketplace is supposed to be targeted to people with flexible schedules, especially self-employed, students and seniors. There is a good potential for a third party to run such a marketplace and specialize in creating value out of low occupation rate time slots. However, the business concept does not prevent the facilities themselves to make efforts which lead to increased occupation rates at time slots with low occupation rates. Furthermore, the facilities are rather supposed to use the marketplace as a complement to their existing booking systems. Based on the examined activity facilities, there is a good potential to increase a facility's turnover with approximately 330 000 SEK yearly. The business concept has been developed by doing a market research based on a technical product which initially was designed as a booking system with different product development opportunities and various potential customer segments to address. The market research was done iteratively by using the project management methodology Lean Startup combined with qualitative market research techniques from Innovation Games.

This is the story of how four people invented a whole new world and way of life - and how they attempted to establish it across the globe. Copass, a Parisian startup consisting of four cofounders, aimed to connect hundreds of the world's shared workspaces under their new global federation. But the main objective of this startup, in contrast to most, was not to build capital. It was to build a universe: a future where white-collar workers would be liberated from the shackles of office life to work anywhere in the world, to meet exciting people and to have amazing experiences. Here, workdays were permanently mixed with holidays. Work was fun, workplaces were play-places and workers were adventurers. The ambition of these four cofounders was to turn the way they wanted things to be for them into the way things ought to be for everyone else. To turn their desired lifestyle into a global social movement that enrolled, as they saw it, hundreds of cities and thousands, tens of thousands, even millions of people. In short, they created a company to fulfil a dream. This is an ethnography of that one startup's dream, analysed at length to demonstrate innovative ways of worldmaking employed by an ambitious tech company seeking success. A company dissatisfied with the world that, instead of changing it, decided to create a new one.

The so-called digital economy has been growing exponentially in the emerging economies and it is expected to continue growing around the globe. For this reason, many governments are funding support programmes (e.g. Start-up America in the USA, the UK’s Tech City, and Brazil Startup) to both encourage and facilitate the creation of Digital Start-ups (DSs), defined here as recentlycreated enterprises that produce solely digital products or services. Whilst in some regions there is some evidence that these efforts are starting to pay off, the majority of DSs that have grown to become global digital enterprises remain concentrated in the United States and Europe. In the case of Latin America, the digital economy already accounts for between 2-3.2% of GDP. Nonetheless, most e-commerce transactions occur through platforms based in the United States, with a scarcity of examples of Latin American DSs (LADSs) that have grown to become large digital firms. Despite this, the literature has paid little attention to the relationship that exists between the institutional environment and LADS’s agency. The few extant studies that do exist have focused on either institutional or infrastructure constraints and public policies, or business models and resource analysis. To address this knowledge gap, this research studied LADSs in the four largest Latin American countries (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, and Colombia), representing three-quarters of the region’s GDP, in order to answer the following questions: How do environmental pressures influence the development of LADSs? How do LADSs respond to these pressures and seize potential business opportunities? The research followed a critical realist philosophical foundation and was operationalised through a qualitative exploratory field study of forty organisations, including DSs, accelerators, investors, government agencies, and not-for-profits. Geel’s (2014) Triple Embeddedness Framework (TEF) was chosen as the theoretical framework to guide this research and integrates constructs from the Lean Start-up method (LSM), which was widely adopted by the LADSs to develop their business models. This study provides empirical support for the constructs outlined in the TEF, identifies crucial shortcomings in LSM, and uncovers new constructs that are necessary to accommodate the DSs’ digital properties, which result in tensions between their embeddedness in the institutional environment, their hybrid embeddedness in a product-sector industry and a digital industry, and their embeddedness in a multi-level organisational field that creates a core-periphery relationship between Latin America and the United States. Therefore, a new framework, entitled DIME, is proposed to assist e-entrepreneurs when developing digital business models to achieve the right firm-environment-fit in Latin America. The findings of this study will also contribute to future research, and to guide policy makers interested in fostering the development of the digital economy in emerging economies.

絕大多數在台灣的企業屬於年輕的中小企業，他們所熟知的商業模式是生產代工，並無技術與市場的不確定性問題。如何從生產代工的商業模式跳躍到美國新創公司的知識經濟模式實在是一個對雙方都是很大的挑戰。由於雙方的不對稱性太大有必要讓其它人界入並彌補中間落差。開放式創新中需要技術仲介聯結買方與賣方。而技術仲介則是辦識(破壞式)創新機會的來源之一。在維興國際公司目前所專注的四個不同技術中，同時包括B2B及B2C的產品領域。但無論是B2B及B2C，市場拉力與技術推力在技術仲介的領域中均同樣必須受到重視。 本研究由相關文獻探討，推展出以(買方)目標工業的選擇與管理、(賣方)管理並降低市場的不確定性、技術仲介的需求缺口三構面的研究架構來探討技術仲介業在美國新創公司的技術仲介服務活動的關鍵因素與管理項目。本研究採用個案研究法深入訪談個案公司的高階主管以了解其新創過程的實務作為。由個案分析與研究發現得出研究結論如下： 結論一：成功的技術仲介業對技術賣方的選擇與管理應考慮(1)新創公司生態(2)新創公司的動態管理(3)新創公司的選擇(4)新創公司的管理。 結論二：成功的技術仲介業對技術買方的管理應考慮到(1)社會氛圍與使用者的認知(2)使用者的吸收能力(3)創新與使用(4)降低技術與市場的不確定性。 結論三：技術仲介的成功因素包括(1)技術仲介的加值能耐(2)技術仲介的承諾(3)專利/技術加值增加原供應商的仰賴(4)經營策略的創新與新事業開發。 結論四：技術仲介屬於知識管理的一環，在開放式創新中需要技術仲介聯結買方與賣方。而技術仲介則是辦識(破壞式)創新機會的來源之一。 結論五：台灣目前的技術服務業的主導者是以工研院技轉中心為主要的供需中心，輔以少數私人的智財買賣。 結論六：全世界都在鼓勵創新，國家的競爭力表現於創新與創業教育的養成。 / Most companies in Taiwan are belong to young SMEs, their business model is known for everybody and mainly the foundry model, there is no technology and market uncertainties. It is indeed a great challenge from the production foundry jumping into the knowledge based US startups. Since the dissymmetry from both sides are huge there exist a need for others to bridge the gap. Technology broker links buyer and seller in the area of open innovation. It is also one of the sources of innovation opportunities. WH International currently focused on four different technologies, including both B2B and B2C products. But whether it is B2B and B2C, market pull and technology push in the field of technology brokers are also to be taken seriously. From the related literatures survey, based on a technology transfer company, this study is to promote the technology sales (the seller) and management of technology uncertainty, to help (the seller) to manage and reduce market uncertainty, to meet market demands of the technology broker, and compose the three dimensions of framework: the seller, the buyer and the broker. This research adopts case study method to analyze the practice of the case company. The research results are as below. 1. The selection factors of a successful technology broker facing technology vendor should consider (1) ecosystem of start ups (2) the dynamic management of start ups (3) the choice of start ups (4) the management of start ups. 2. The management of technology buyers from a successful broker should take into consideration of(1) the user's cognitive and social atmosphere (2) the absorptive capacity of users (3) innovation and the diffusion (4) reduce uncertainty of market. 3. The successful factors for technology broker include (1) the value-added capability (2) the commitment to technology (3) patents / technology development to increase value-added services to suppliers (4) innovation of business strategy and new business development. 4. Technical brokering is a part of knowledge management. Technology broker links buyers and sellers in open innovation while it is also one of the sources of innovation opportunities. 5. Technology Transfer Center of the ITRI is the clear leader of technology services industry in Taiwan. There also existed some small private firms that handled intellectual property transactions. 6. Innovation is encouraged worldwide and national competition is reflected in the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship education.