近年來，世界青年就業問題持續發酵，中國大陸與台灣學生的就業問題也同樣嚴重。拋開大環境下的客觀原因，學生自身也存在不少問題，比如就業意識不強，就業能力不足等。生涯成熟度是個體在完成與其年齡相應的職業生涯發展任務的心理準備程度，是衡量個體生涯發展水平的有效工具，為提高學生就業能力和相關機構開展就業輔導提供理論基礎。目前，對生涯成熟度的研究逐漸增多，但針對兩岸學生的比較研究還為數甚少。因此展開這方面的研究是有意義的。 本研究爬梳整理了歸於生涯成熟度的的相關文獻，借鑑成熟的生涯成熟度量表，并進一步篩選，以此問卷對1404名政治大學和南京大學的學生進行生涯成熟度調查。研究結果發現：1.本次研究的學生樣本總體生涯成熟度處於較為成熟的狀態；2.學生生涯成熟度並不存在學校的差異；3.學生生涯成熟度存在性別的差異，男性的生涯成熟度高於女性；4.學生生涯成熟度存在教育程度的差異，受教育程度越高，生涯成熟度越高；5.學生生涯成熟度存在年級的差異，大學期間，兩者之間存在正相關關係，但大學延畢生的生涯成熟度最低；研究所期間，生涯成熟度隨年級增長而下降；6.學生生涯成熟度不存在文理專業的差異；7.學生生涯成熟度存在在校成績的差異，兩者為正相關關係；8.學生生涯成熟度存在學生幹部的差異，有學生幹部經驗的學生生涯成熟度高於沒有經驗的學生，擔任班級幹部的學生生涯成熟度高於其他類型的學生幹部；9.學生生涯成熟度不存在社團經驗的差異；10.學生生涯成熟度存在工作經驗的差異，有工作經驗的學生生涯成熟度高於沒有經驗的學生。生涯成熟度隨著工作時間的增長呈現「S」型增長；11.學生生涯成熟度不存在獨生子女的差異；12.學生生涯成熟度存在家庭經濟狀況的差異，家庭經濟較差的學生生涯成熟度最高；13.學生生涯成熟度不存在母親教育程度的差異，存在父親教育程度的差異，父母教育程度越低，生涯成熟度越高；14.學生生涯成熟度不存在學生生源的差異。 / In recent years, the youth employment is becoming more and more serious. Apart from the objective reasons, students’ inadequate employment competitiveness and consciousness also account for the status quo. Career maturity is the level of preparedness, an individual reaches when dealing with his/ herage- appropriate career development tasks. So, career maturity is an effective measurement to test individual’s career developmentlevel and provides the theoretical basis for practical study. Now, more and more people start to research the career maturity, but the research specifically aimed at the comparison of Chinese Mainland and Taiwan is rare. Therefore, the study is inevitably. Based on related literature review on career maturity, referring to the Career Maturity Questionnaire, the study discusses the career maturity and its affecting factors of students of Nanjing University and National Chengchi University. The results are as following: 1. Students’career maturity are not high;2. Campus, major, club experience and the sources of students bear little influence on career maturity;3. There is significant difference in gender;4. There is significant relation between students’ career maturity and their education degree;5. The career maturity differences in grades;6. The career maturity is in positive relation to academic score;7. The students who have the student leader and work experience get higher career maturity than others;8. The fact of being the only child or not does not relate to career maturity significantly;9. Family economic background impacts students’ career maturity;10. Parents’ education level has negative correlation with career maturity.

Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) are increasingly sought after by recreational anglers around the world. The Florida Straits in particular are an important breeding and nursery area for North Atlantic swordfish, as well as for being historical fishing grounds for both recreational and commercial swordfish fisheries. The recreational fishery for swordfish in southeastern Florida is categorized into two historical periods. The first period started in 1977 and consists of the first tournaments in the area to specifically target swordfish. Despite high initial catches, low catch numbers forced the tournament fishery to close in 1983. During the second period of the fishery (starting in 2000 to today) the tournament fishery for swordfish has reemerged. Data from a total of 98 swordfish tournaments (17 historic, 81 current) have been collected. For comparison, information has been gathered from 72 istiophorid billfish tournaments within the modern (second) period. These data were gathered from tournament directors, websites, and personal communication with participants of the tournaments. The tournaments studied took place on the east coast of Florida from Stuart south to Key West, with a majority being held between Lighthouse Point and Islamorada in the Florida Keys. Although participation correlates to the number of catches, catch per hour (CPH) remains on a slow although not significant decrease over time. The entry fees for these modern period swordfish tournaments range from $200-600, while those for the more exclusive billfish tournaments are tenfold swordfish entry costs. Similarly, awarded prize monies of billfish tournaments are tenfold and significantly larger than prize monies for swordfish tournaments. The average weight of landed swordfish has shifted slightly in both the historic and the modern periods. Despite the oscillation of catch numbers throughout the two time periods, the weight of caught swordfish remained roughly the same. This may be from the minimum length restrictions implemented in the modern time period, a regulation which did not exist during the tournaments of the historic period.

一、研究目的 去年以來，政府開放探親，隨著探親熱潮，海崍兩岸四十年來壁壘分明的態勢已漸有 改變，尤其是雙方透過第三國進行的轉口貿易已有日益增加的現象，在新台幣對美元 持續升值，國內廠商出口日益感受沈重壓力下，大陸市場已成為國內企業界注目的焦 點，這對海峽將來會造成什麼樣的影響？此等問題引發了本文研究的動機。本文主要 目的有三﹕（一）從台灣產業結構來探討大陸市場，今後在台灣經濟發展過程中，將 扮演何種角色。（二）現存轉口貿易型態的利弊得失。（三）從轉口貿易看海峽兩岸 的未來。 三、參考資料 本文主要參考資料包括﹕ （一）海峽兩岸已出版的經濟資料及文獻。 （一）台灣上市公司公開說明及財務資料。 （三）英文香港及日本報刊資枓。 三、研究方法 本文係針對台海兩岸經結構加以比較深入分析，全文分六章，第一章緒言，說明研究 主題背景、動機、目的、範圍與方法。第二章評述海峽轉口貿易的理論依據。第三章 針對現存轉口貿易的內涵及海峽兩岸經貿發展的階段加以分析比較。第四章探討現存 轉口貿易利弊得失。第五章從比較利益的觀點看轉口市場的未來，以及轉口貿易對海 峽兩岸未來關係的影響。第六章結論與建議。

無 / The concept of “soft power” was popularized by Joseph Nye’s works in the 1990s. It is then often referred to the ability of a political body, such as a state, to indirectly influence the behavior or interests of other political bodies through cultural or ideological means. This paper seeks to apply this idea to the study of cross-Strait relations to see whether Taiwan might exert soft power against China. As we know, it is not just Taiwanese that are highly concerned with the 2008 election of Taiwan. We take this election and especially President Ma as an example to see whether Ma can help facilitate the image of Taiwan and democracy among Chinese. After interviews on several dozen Chinese college students, we found that Ma’s image, as the soft power, does make the difference. And if Taiwan can make best use of its soft power, we may not need so much military buildup to defend Taiwan.

Previous studies showed that sea surface salinity (SSS) in the Florida Straits as well as Florida Current transport covaried with changes in North Atlantic climate over the past two millennia. However, little is known about earlier Holocene variability in the Florida Straits. Here, we combine Mg/Ca-paleothermometry and stable oxygen isotope measurements on the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (white variety) from Florida Straits sediment core KNR166-2 JPC 51 (24 degrees 24.70? N, 83 degrees 13.14?W, 198m deep) to reconstruct a high-resolution (~30 yr/sample) early to mid Holocene record of sea surface temperature and delta18OSW (a proxy for SSS) variability. We also measured Ba/Ca ratios in the same shell material as a proxy for riverine input into the Gulf of Mexico over the same time interval. After removing the influence of global delta18OSW change due to continental ice volume variability, we propose that early Holocene SSS enrichments were caused by increased evaporation/precipitation ratios in the Florida Straits associated with periods of reduced solar output, increased ice rafted debris in the North Atlantic and the development of more permanent El Nino-like conditions in the eastern equatorial Pacific. When considered with previous high-resolution reconstructions of early Holocene tropical atmospheric circulation changes, our results provide evidence that solar output variability over the Holocene had a significant impact on the global tropical hydrologic cycle over the last 10,000 years.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to study the possible existence of day-of-the-week effects and month-of-the-year effects in the Singapore stock market over the period January 1st 1993 to December 31st 2011. The findings are analysed with the intention of developing investment strategies and to investigate if behavioural finance can help to explain the existence of seasonal anomalies.  Background: A number of previous studies have found evidence of seasonal anomalies in global stock markets, and by challenging the core assumptions of market efficiency, such anomalies may make it possible to predict the movement of stock prices at certain periods during the year. Consequently, there may be substantial profit-making opportunities that clever investors can benefit from, raising two important questions: (1) can such anomalies be strategically used to outperform the market and (2) why do such cyclical return patterns exist? Method: Daily closing prices from the Singapore Straits Times Index (STI) are used to compute average daily and monthly returns, which are further analysed through the use of statistical significance analysis and hypothesis testing to identify the possible existence of day-of-the-week effects and month-of-the-year effects in the Singapore stock market.  The results of the statistical investigation are used to develop investment strategies that are designed to take advantage of both positive and negative effects, and the theories of behavioural finance are applied to help explain why seasonalities occur at certain points in time. Conclusions: This study finds evidence of several seasonal anomalies in the Singapore stock market. Both day-of-the-week effects and month-of-the-year effects are present in the STI over the full sample period. Many of these effects can be explained by behavioural finance, and used to develop investment strategies that outperform the market.

20世紀初期，以新城建設為特徵的發展形式對大陸地區的農地資源造成極大破壞，在經歷了「空間大躍進」的失敗之後，都市更新成為大陸地區新時期城市建設的的重點方向。台灣地區之都市更新事業早在日治時期就已起步，1998年《都市更新條例》頒布以來已具備完善的制度架構以及豐富的實施經驗。在相似的文化背景之下，作為都市更新的先行者，台灣地區是否能夠給尚處於起步階段的大陸地區提供借鏡意義，大陸地區又能否後來居上為台灣地區的都更困境提供良方？這便是本研究所要探討的課題。 本研究從法令政策及實施效果兩個面向切入，以制度面與執行面對兩岸之都市更新政策與方法進行比較分析。法令政策方面，通過台灣地區都市更新制度以及大陸地區土地產權制度變遷過程之梳理，釐清當前兩岸都市更新的基本流程。本研究認為兩岸都更流程雖然在某些細節存在差別，但總體來說仍十分相似。實施效果方面，本研究選取台北市、上海市以及深圳市三個城市之案例進行分析。在相似的都市更新流程下，兩岸在具體案例的實施過程則表現出政府角色的差異，形成了台灣地區民間主導更新、大陸地區政府主導更新的局面，而這也是兩岸都市更新的主要差異。 本研究認為，土地產權制度的差異是造成兩岸都市更新中政府角色不同的主要原因。換言之，台灣地區土地私有制使得民間成為都市更新的主導者；相對地，大陸地區土地公有制下的土地財政則使得地方政府主導了都市更新。在產權差異的大背景下，兩岸都更在操作方法上並無足夠的相互借鏡意義，因此本研究僅從更新理念上對兩岸之都更事業提出了一定的建議。

Studiens syfte var att analysera Israels roll innan och efter Sexdagarskriget med utgångspunkt inom rättfärdig krigsteori och dess kriterier. Det jag ville göra med studien var att analysera om Israel uppfyllde kraven för att initiera ett krig rättfärdigt, och sedan använde sig av rättfärdiga åtgärder vid efterkrigstiden. Studiens metodval var en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med en deduktiv ansats där material hämtades från olika arkiv och andra relevanta källor för att besvara syftet. Resultatet redovisades i en kronologisk ordning för att visa ett tydligt händelseförlopp mellan den 15 maj och 22 november 1967. Analysen visade på att Israel uppfyllde kriterierna för jus ad bellum genom ett tydligt casus belli vilket var stängningen av Tiran-sunden för israelitiska fartyg. Analysen om kriterierna för Israels jus post bellum uppfylldes däremot inte eftersom inga åtgärder som krävdes tas av Israels regering. Israel visade i stället på en motvilja att förhandla och till slut gjordes omöjlig med de arabiska tre nej. / This study aimed to assess Israel's role before and after the Six-Day War, utilizing the framework of just war theory and its associated criteria. The primary objective was to examine whether Israel adhered to the prerequisites for justly initiating a war and subsequently implemented just measures in the post-war period. The study employed a qualitative content analysis with a deductive approach, data were sourced from state archives and other pertinent materials. The results were organized chronologically, offering a coherent depiction of events unfolding between May 15 and November 22 1967. The analysis indicated that Israel satisfied the criteria for jus ad bellum by presenting a clear casus belli, namely the closure of the Straits of Tiran to Israeli ships. However, the examination of Israel's jus post bellum criteria revealed failure to take any just measures. The Israeli government did not undertake any of the required actions. Instead, Israel exhibited a reluctance to engage in negotiations as they did not want to engage first, a stance that ultimately led to the arabs’ three nos.

本論文是以新加坡與馬來西亞（簡稱新馬）為範圍的「土生華人」文學研究，主要對象是被稱為「峇峇」的土生華人從19世紀至今所產生的文學，亦兼及印尼地區土生華人（馬來語）文學的比較研究。 本論文架構除「緒論」與「結論」外，內文共分為五章。緒論除介紹本論文的研究動機與目的、研究方法與主體架構外，主要為研究對象的釐清與相關名詞的界定，並回顧峇峇的語言及文學的研究概況。 進入「本論」第一章「峇峇的語言使用」，筆者分別從峇峇的母語——峇峇馬來語和峇峇福建話，進而是「父語」福建話、再到外來語的英語和華語著手，透過這四種語言在新馬地區尤其峇峇社會中個別的使用狀況與相互消長的分析，以對峇峇社會的語言與文字使用的歷史有更深入的瞭解。可以說，峇峇的語言使用是與近現代華人移民海外及西方殖民東南亞的歷史是發展息息相關的。 第二章「峇峇的馬來語翻譯文學」。首先是介紹峇峇馬來文報刊雜誌的出版概況，此為羅馬化峇峇馬來語書寫之始。其次從所得的文獻資料並配合第一章的研究心得，從外部的出版概況，條析出峇峇馬來語翻譯文學從興起、繁盛到沒落三個階段的發展情形；接著從作品內部進行剖析，發覺翻譯作品從作品的展演形式看，又可分為前、後兩期不同的階段。最後第四小節，筆者嘗試透過田調期間所得的一本「峇峇馬來語籤詩翻譯本」的研究，談談中國通俗文學及民間信仰對峇峇文化的影響，以及峇峇人在以峇峇馬來語翻譯中國籤詩文時所透露出來的多元文化意象。 接著進入第三章，著重探討「峇峇馬來語創作文學」，從所得資料彙整的結果看來，峇峇馬來語的書面創作量不及翻譯文學，尤其散文體的作品寥寥可數。然而，缺乏書面的創作文本並不代表峇峇沒有創作文學，「峇峇文學即是峇峇馬來語翻譯文學」這樣的想法也只是長久以來因書面創作的匱乏而對外界造成的假象。事實上，因文化的接觸和語言的掌握，早期的峇峇社會非常熱衷於馬來語詩歌的吟誦或創作，惟傳統上多屬於民間的即興創作，詩文的流傳也多以口耳相傳，較少以書面語呈現及保存。峇峇馬來語的詩歌體裁源自馬來古典文學的班頓（Pantun）及莎雅爾（Syair）體，因此相較於中國通俗小說翻譯作品，這類文學形式更具馬來色彩，也更能凸顯峇峇被馬來文化涵化的事實。從早期（峇峇）馬來語詩歌在峇峇社會的流行程度看，若當初這些詩歌能被紀錄下來，其作品數量的豐盛絕不亞於峇峇馬來語翻譯文學作品。因此第三章主要是針對筆者這些年來所收集到的峇峇馬來語詩歌作品進行統整分析，以反駁峇峇文學只有「翻譯作品」而沒有「創作文學」的質疑。 第四章分別介紹峇峇的漢語文學及英語文學。無可否認，以峇峇馬來語作為峇峇母語（或「族語」）的地位，峇峇馬來語文學之於峇峇文學的「核心性」是不容撼動的，但若從「人」（民族）的角度檢視，在肯定其作為民族文學的重要表徵的同時，以峇峇文化發展上語言使用的多元現象看，我們也不應忽略峇峇人當中有用其他語言書寫文學的事實。在峇峇社會的發展進程中，各語言之間一直是相互影響的，呈現在文學上的情況也與此相去不遠。因此，第四章主要是承前三章語言使用多元的文路，對峇峇的文學書寫歷程中較隱性的漢語文學及英語文學進行概觀介紹，以作為峇峇馬來語文學發展的一個補充瞭解。我們發現，峇峇馬來語的興起與峇峇漢語能力（文學）的衰退脫不了關係，而峇峇馬來語（文學）的沒落則或多或少歸因於峇峇英語文學的興盛。 在前四章的基礎上，第五章筆者嘗試把峇峇文學擺在民族文學的位階上，與其他相關文學：（第一節）印尼土生華人文學、（第二節）馬來文學和（第三節）馬（新）華文學進行比較分析。尤其針對學界在印尼土生華人（馬來語）文學、印尼語發展、以及印尼新文學發展上的研究成果所導致的聯想：「(新馬)峇峇文學、馬來語以及馬來新文學之間的關係」，峇峇文學將如何自處？本章最後筆者將峇峇文學擺在「國家文學」的氛圍中去瞭解，在新、馬多元民族的社會中，各民族文學之間的認定是如何？而峇峇文學又是否可以在強勢的政治取向及意識型態包圍下，在眾主流（民族）文學之中找到自我的定位？ 最後是本論文之結論。筆者承前文的研究脈絡，輔以民族文學界定的三條件（族屬、創作語言、內容題材）檢視峇峇文學作為「民族文學」的契合或可行性（非單指文本存在的必要性和文學性問題），並在各系語言文學的比較分析中，檢討峇峇文學對於峇峇社會文化發展的回應及影響。

This thesis, structured in two parts, addresses a series of problems of relevance in the field of Spatial Geodesy. The first part delves into the application of satellite gravity data to enhance our understanding of water transport dynamics. Here, we present two significant contributions. Both are based on satellite gravity data but stem from different mission concepts with distinct objectives: time-variable gravity monitoring and high-resolution, accurate static geoid modelling. First, the fundamental notions about gravity are introduced and a brief summary is made of the different gravity satellite missions throughout history, with emphasis on the GRACE/GRACE-FO and GOCE missions, whose data are the basis of this work. The first application focuses on estimating water transport and geostrophic circulation in the Southern Ocean by leveraging a GOCE geoid and altimetry data. The Volume Transport across the Antartic Circumpolar Current is analyzed and the resulsts are validated validated using the in-situ data collected during the multiple campaigns in the DP. The second application uses time-variable gravity data from the GRACE and GRACE-FO missions to estimate the water cycle in the Mediterranean and Black Sea system, a critical region for regional climate and global ocean circulation. The analysis delves into the analysis of the different components of the hydrological cycle within this region, including the water flow across the Gibraltar Strait, examining their seasonal variations, climatic patterns, and their connection with the North Atlantic Oscillation Index. The second part of the thesis is more focused on data analysis, with the objective of developing mathematical methods to estimate the cross correlation function between two time series that are both unevenly spaced spaced (the sampling is not uniform over time) and observed at unequal time scales (the set of time points for the first series is not identical to the set of time points of the second series). Such time series are frequently encountered in geodetic surveys, especially when combining data from different sources. The estimation of the the cross correlation function for these time series presents unique challenges and requires the adaptation of traditional analysis methods designed for evenly spaced and synchronized time series. The two main contributions in this context are: (i) the study of the asymptotic properties of the Guassian Kernel estimator, that is the recommended estimator for the cross correlation function when the two time series are observed at unequal time scales; (ii) an extension of the stationary bootstrap that allows to construct bootstrap-based confidence intervals for the cross correlation function for unevenly spaced time series not sampled on identical time points.