Under senare tid har det kommit många ensamkommande barn till Sverige då de flytt från bland annat krig som pågår i hemlandet. De ensamkommande barnen placeras i HVB-hem, där de erbjuds stöd och omvårdnad. Syftet med denna studie är att utifrån ett emotionellt perspektiv undersöka hur HVB personalen upplever sitt arbete, genom att undersöka hur personalen hanterar och påverkas av emotioner i sitt vardagliga arbete samt undersöka vilka emotionella regler det finns på arbetet. Detta kommer att utföras utifrån en kvalitativ metod, genom halvstrukturerade intervjuer med 4 integrationshandledare och 1 boendestödjare. Fokus kommer ligga på HVB personalens beskrivningar. Materialet från intervjuerna har sammanställts med empiri som jag kommer att tolka. Utifrån utvalda teorier kommer materialet att besvara studiens frågeställningar. De teorier som jag har använt mig främst av i studien är Goffmans teori om det Draugmatiska perspektivet, främre och bakre regionen, Arlie Hochschild teori om det emotionella arbetet samt människobehandlande organisationer och objekts- och subjektspositionen som diskuteras av sociologerna Markus Arvidson och Sara Johansson. Resultatet visar att HVB personalen intar en professionell roll samt hanterar och påverkas av emotioner i sitt arbete. Detta kan bero på de känsloregler som finns i arbetet och deras professionella roll som de intar. / In recent years there have been many unaccompanied children that have fled to Sweden because of the war that’s going on in their home country, for instance. The unaccompanied children are placed in HVB homes, where they are offered support and care. The aim of this study is from an emotional perspective. The study examines how the HVB staff is experiencing their work by exploring how the staff handles and gets affected by emotions in their everyday work and also examines the emotional rules at their workplace. This will be done based on qualitative approach, through semi-structured interviews with 4 integration supervisor and one housing supporter. The focus will be on HVB staffs descriptions. The material from the interviews has been compiled with empirical data that I will interpret, based on the selected theories of the material to answer the study questions. The theories that I have used mainly in the study are Goffman’s theory of the dramaturgical perspective and front- and back region. I have also used Arlie Hochschild´s theory of emotional workand the object and subject position discussed by Markus Arvidson and Sara Johansson. The result shows that the HVB staff occupies a professional role, handling and getting influenced by emotions in their work. This may be due to the emotional rules that exist at work and also because of the professional role they play.

Hiphopen har i alla dess tider varit en mansdominerad musikgenre och bransch men detta har under de senaste åren kommit att förändras, inte minst inom den svenska kontexten. Svensk hiphop karakteriseras idag av en utpräglad feminism, då till exempel det kvinnliga kollektivet Femtastic har växt fram. Att kvinnor idag har en minst lika stor roll som män inom den svenska hiphopen och att denna har en stark relation till feminism, visar på att den sexism vänd emot kvinnor som har präglat många raptexter skrivna av män här har kommit att förlora sin popularitet. Vi har genom att använda Edleys kritiska diskurspsykologi undersökt hur svenska kvinnliga rappare uttrycker sig och positionerar sig själva och andra i sina låttexter utifrån aspekterna kön och sexualitet, aspekter som manliga rappare ofta har använt vid beskrivning av kvinnor. Vi har med hjälp av tolkningsrepertoarer, subjektspositioner, ideologiska dilemman och Judith Butlers begrepp subversivitet kunnat urskilja olika mönster i konstruktioner av kön och sexualitet och funnit att artisterna i fråga många gånger agerar på ett sätt som bryter eller frångår köns- och sexualitetsbundna normer. Vi har även kunnat uttyda hur artisterna använder språkliga resurser som ett verktyg för att till exempel framhäva en kvinnlig styrka, såväl individuell som kollektiv. / Hip hop has throughout the years been a male dominated music genre and industry but this has recently come to change, not least within the Swedish context. Today Swedish hip hop is largely characterized by its pronounced feminism, partly because of the development of the female collective Femtastic. The fact that women today have an at least equally clear role in the Swedish hip hop industry as men indicates that sexism, which has been a frequently reoccurring theme in male rap lyrics, has come to lose its popularity. We have, through the use of Edleys critical discourse psychology, examined how Swedish female rappers express gender and sexuality and how they position themselves and others with regard to these aspects, aspects that male rappers often have used to describe women. By using interpretative repertoires, subject positions, ideological dilemmas and Judith Butlers term subversivity, we have been able to distinguish certain patterns in the constructions of gender and sexuality. We have found that the artists frequently express themselves in ways that digresses from stereotypical norms of gender and sexuality and distinguished how they use linguistic resources as tools with which they, among other things, accentuate female strength, individual as well as collective.

Linha de pesquisa: Curr?culos, avalia??o, pr?ticas pedag?gicas e forma??o de professores. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-06-29T19:40:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 milton_chaves_santos_junior.pdf: 1182043 bytes, checksum: 22d56be7339ce84e9c3aefacca8ccd26 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-07-03T14:03:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 milton_chaves_santos_junior.pdf: 1182043 bytes, checksum: 22d56be7339ce84e9c3aefacca8ccd26 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-03T14:03:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 milton_chaves_santos_junior.pdf: 1182043 bytes, checksum: 22d56be7339ce84e9c3aefacca8ccd26 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Esta disserta??o analisa como as pr?ticas curriculares do abrigo investigado demandam certas posi??es de sujeito por meio do discurso do acolhimento que ao mesmo tempo fragilizam e fortalecem as crian?as e os adolescentes em vulnerabilidade social. A metodologia inspira-se na an?lise do discurso foucaultiana e elementos da etnografia tais como: observa??o em di?rio de campo, conversas informais e entrevista semiestruturada. A an?lise te?rica articula um conjunto de conceitos desenvolvidos por Michel Foucault, sendo alguns deles centrais: discurso, poder-saber, processos de subjetiva??o e posi??o de sujeito, al?m do conceito de curr?culo em uma vis?o p?s-cr?tica. O manejo dessas ferramentas conceituais caminha rumo ? investiga??o do discurso do acolhimento, que diz respeito ao processo de ajuda protetiva ? crian?a e ao adolescente abandonados divulgado nas pr?ticas curriculares do abrigo em quest?o. O problema central desta pesquisa ?: como o discurso do acolhimento ? crian?a e ao adolescente em vulnerabilidade social est? divulgado nas pr?ticas curriculares do abrigo investigado e quais posi??es de sujeito s?o demandadas nesse discurso. Para isso, pesquiso como a crian?a e o adolescente s?o nomeados, caracterizados e inventados no curr?culo desse abrigo. Investigo tamb?m as a??es individuais e coletivas presenciadas em situa??es do cotidiano e as rela??es de poder-saber ali imbricadas. O argumento geral desenvolvido ? o de que h? no curr?culo da institui??o investigada um constante enfrentamento de verdades discursivas sobre o acolhimento. Desse modo, os processos de subjetiva??o nas pr?ticas curriculares, enquanto local de produ??o e cria??o de significados sociais, demarcam especialmente as posi??es de sujeito menor abandonado, coitadinho, delinquente, amaldi?oado, de direitos e resiliente. A met?fora da hist?ria da branca de neve entra em cena nesta investiga??o, enxergando o espelho da personagem bruxa como o curr?culo do abrigo Resili?ncia, ou seja, o local onde os discursos est?o divulgados. A bruxa, por sua vez, ? o reflexo das crian?as e adolescentes marcados pelo abandono, sendo a personifica??o da maldade do sujeito bruxa a representatividade das posi??es de sujeito produzidas em meio a rela??es de poder e saber. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / This dissertation analyzes how the curricular practices of the shelter investigated demand certain positions of subject through the discourse of the reception, at the same time it weakens and strengthens the children and adolescents in social vulnerability. The methodology is inspired by the analysis of the Foucauldian discourse and elements of ethnography such as observation in field diary, informal conversations and semi-structured interview. The theoretical analysis articulates a set of concepts developed by Michel Foucault, some of them central: discourse, power-knowledge, subjectivation processes and subject position, beyond the concept of curriculum in a post-critical view. The management of these conceptual tools is directed towards the investigation of the discourse of the reception, which concerns the process of protective help to the abandoned child and adolescent disclosed in the curricular practices of the shelter in question. The central problem of this research is: how the discourse of reception to the child and adolescent in social vulnerability has disclosed in the curricular practices of the investigated shelter and what subject positions are demanded in this discourse. For this, I research how the child and the adolescent has named, characterized and invented in the curriculum of that shelter. I also investigate the individual and collective actions witnessed in everyday situations and the relations of power-knowledge imbricated there. The general argument developed is that there is in the curriculum of the investigated institution a constant confrontation of discursive truths about the reception. Thus , the processes of subjectivation in curricular practices, as a place of production and creation of social meanings, especially demarcate the minor subject positions of an abandoned, poor, delinquent, cursed, right-wing and resilient. The metaphor of the snow white story comes into the picture in this investigation by looking at the witch character's mirror as the curriculum of the Resilience shelter, in other words, the place where the speeches are spread. The witch, on the other hand, is the reflection of the children and adolescents marked by the abandonment being the personification of the evil of the witch subject the representativity of the positions of subject produced in the middle of relations of power and knowledge.

This thesis aims to understand the encounter between the Swedish government’s constructions of immigrated women and the women’s own identifications. By merging post-structural ontology with feminist post-colonial ideas a theoretical framework was created to meet this aim. The government’s constructions were found through discourse analysis of governmental publications and interpellation debates while the immigrated women’s stories were captured through interviews. The findings show that the government homogenizes the immigrated woman and positions her as unemployed, excluded, caring, and dependent etc., while the women recognize themselves as among other things professionals and agents. However, while the government constructs a homogeneous image of the immigrated woman, the women express very diverse identities, and the differences are significant. Thus, there is a clear discrepancy in the perceived and lived reality of immigrated women in Sweden. This could lead to a reproduction of immigrated women as belonging to patriarchal structures, which attributes the women the problem. Accordingly, the women also become the targets for the suggested solutions.

“The point is that you should be able to know your speech”. A study of the teaching practice of prepared speech, in upper-secondary school Swedish. Cristina Jarl This licentiate study explores the discursive construction of the classroom practice of teachers and students preparing a formal speech, within the Swedish language teaching. The explicit focus is on the teaching situation prior to the students’ prepared speech, and the actions per-formed by the actors within the language teaching context. The overall aim of the thesis is to increase the knowledge of teaching prepared speech as a social practice, by specifically describ-ing, analyzing, and problematizing the students’ opportunities to develop knowledge, connected to prepared speech in the language teaching classroom. By focusing on the instructional pro-cesses that lead to the delivery of the prepared speech this thesis contributes to new insights about the desired knowledge in the students’ prepared speech in school. The research questions guiding the investigation deal with aspects such as social actions, circulating discourses and the students’ subject positions as speakers in the teaching of prepared speech. A focused ethnography method was used, defined by short and intense periods of fieldwork engaging in a specific group activity in a social environment. The data production took place in two teaching groups, in two different upper secondary schools in Sweden. The empirical data consist of observations, sound and video recordings, field notes and texts produced by both teachers and students. During data production, the teaching alternated between on-site and online teaching due to the Corona pandemic. The classroom practice is explored as a social practice and as a discursive arena, where different perceptions exist. Social actors use discourse to mediate action, in which discourse impacts their ways of doing and being. By applying me-diated discourse analysis it is possible to study the complex relations between social action and discourse. The main findings suggest that teachers and students tend to focus more on the form and the production of the speech, and less on the specific subject content of the speech. The results display prominent and sometimes contradictory dichotomies in the teaching of speech: aspects of the prepared speech involve on one hand the practical, the spoken and the corporeal, and on the other hand the theoretical, the written and the visual. Additionally, the study illustrates the fixed and mobile dimensions of Swedish as a school subject. The importance of a speaker’s credibility shows a dynamic tension between students’ strategic, institutional and social posi-tions as a speaker. A concluding remark in the present study is that it seems important for the students to speak and having something to say, in a certain form and packaging, rather than what they have to say and why. Therefore the key instructional questions of what, why and who in terms of teaching prepared speech open up for further discussion.

The aim of this thesis was to examine the conditions for democratic bildung-oriented education for students in the school science discourse. This is something that the Swedish curriculum is based on and thereby the education should develop students' capacity for social, political and cultural awareness. The theoretical framework used is grounded in critical didactics and feminist theories which assume that students should feel involved and get their voices heard. The Swedish national test in chemistry (2009-2012) and student answers (198n) from one of the items in the 2009 test have been analyzed using discourse analysis. The first study explored the norms and values present in the national tests in chemistry, in relation to people, society and nature. The second study focused on student’s evaluative language in their free-text answers to one of the items. Thereby attitudes in student answers were projected in relation to the norms and values found in the first study. Finally, the student answers were used once more in a third study, where students’ positioning in relation to the scientific discourse in the chemistry test (2009) was explored, as well as which feminist figurations these subject positions express. The results show that the national tests harbor an elitist image and anandrocentric bias.The normative message is that students should adopt an objective, rational, non-judgmental and non-emotional role. Topics connected to young people’s everyday life, that might interest students, are rare. Contrary to the normative messages mediated by the tests, students use evaluative and embodied language to a high extent in their answers. They choose to write about topics that are close to their everyday life and they show that they are emotionally engaged. Through feminist figurations theories used in the third study one can see how the student-subject positions offer resistance in different ways. This is shown in their criticism of science and technology, human society and nature. The students' responses have embraced an embodied chemistry that can be interpreted as teaching based on bildung and deliberative discussions.

This essay examines possible subject positions offered to a female in relations to the decadence genre in the novel Berta Funcke (1885) by Stella Kleve, pseudonym for Mathilda Malling. The aim is to study how a female can be decadent. I analyze subject positions and examine how they enable decadent expressions of the female character. To understand subject positions in relations to the historical context I use Chris Weedon’s approach to feminist poststructuralism. I define decadence as a relative concept and understand it as a wider experience of decadence and dissolution in society. The methodological framework is based on hermeneutic reading. The result shows that the female protagonist is under the influence of many subjectivities simultaneously. Her decadence can be seen as both a source of emancipation and of constraint. From the analysis, I’ve been able to distinguish four characteristic subject positions: The Erotic, The Hermaphrodite, The Actress and The Hothouse Plant. The subject positions are bound to stereotypes of the time but also permits the female protagonist to transcend gender definitions. The result shows that the decadent aesthetics, expressions and vocabulary open up new ways of being for the female character.

Nach einem Überblick über die theoretischen Erklärungsmodelle der diskursiven Subjektkonstitution von Émile Benveniste über Louis Althusser und Michel Foucault zu linguistischen Ansätzen in der Gesprächsanalyse und social semiotics angelsächsischer Provenienz, werden zwei erfolgreiche US-amerikanische "Ratgeber"-Talkshowreihen der neunziger Jahre ("Oprah Winfrey" und "Rolonda") einer umfassenden pragma-linguistisch orientierten Gesprächsanalyse unterzogen. Dazu war es nötig, je drei Sendungen dieser Shows zuerst vollständig zu transkribieren, sie dann in Phasen einzuteilen und Vergleichskriterien zu bestimmen. Die Ausgangshypothese ist, dass trotz großer Ähnlichkeiten im Format, beide Shows erhebliche Unterschiede in der öffentlichen Darstellungsform bzw. Repräsentanz ihrer Teilnehmerrollen (Talkmaster, Gäste und Publikum) und deren Verhältnis zueinander aufweisen, und dass diese erheblichen Abweichungen dem Mikrobereich der lexiko-grammatisch systematisch erfaß- und beschreibbaren Redeweisen und Gesprächsstrukturen implizit eingeschrieben ist. Kernstück der Arbeit ist die Herausarbeitung von Ebenen, auf denen sich diskursiv show-spezifische Teilnehmer-Identitäten konstituieren: Dialogsequenzierung und -organisation, Gebrauch von Personalpronomen und Anredeformen, Fragetypen, narrative Strategien, lexikalische (Selbst-) Kategorisierungen, sämtliche Bereiche der Modalität. Auf dieser Ebene der interpersonellen Funktion von Sprache werden innerhalb der Show-Sendungen und zwischen den beiden Show-Reihen sehr unterschiedliche Gesprächsstrategien deutlich, die sich erstaunlich plausibel mit Foucaults diskursiven Subjektivierungs- vs. Objektivierungsstrategien korrelieren ließen, und also als unterschiedliche Machttechnologien zur Hervorbringung und Reproduktion spezifischer "öffentlicher Subjekte" darstellen, wie sie in medialen Formaten als Abbilder des "Durchschnittsmenschen" in Erscheinung treten. Sie signifizieren Varianten eines "Alltags"-Subjekts (repräsentiert durch die in der Show zu Alltagsproblemen befragten Gäste in ihrem Verhältnis zu Talkmaster und Studiopublikum), das einmal - neoliberal-protestantisch - als rational-einsichtsfähig sich selbst disziplinierend im Diskursfeld des Neoliberalismus-Protestantismus konstituiert und gezeichnet wird, im anderen Falle als irrational-verantwortungslos fremden Regulierungsinstanzen und außengelenkten sprachlichen Disziplinierungs- und Abbitteritualen unterworfen wird und somit eine Teilnehmerrolle innerhalb autoritär-feudalistischen Diskurse charakterisiert.

This thesis is empirically grounded in New Zealand's restructuring of unemployment and taxation policy in the 1980s and 1990s. Theoretically it is inspired by a post-Marxist discourse analytical approach that focuses on discourses as political strategies. This approach has made it possible, through an analysis of changing citizenship discourses, to understand how the neoliberalisation of New Zealand's citizenship regime proceeded via debate and struggle over unemployment and taxation policy. Debates over unemployment and taxation in New Zealand during the 1980s and 1990s reconfigured the targets of policy and re-ordered social antagonism, establishing a neoliberal citizenship regime and centring political problematic. This construction of a neoliberal citizenship regime involved re-specifying the targets of public policy as consumers and taxpayers. In exploring the hegemonic discourse strategies of the Fourth Labour Government and the subsequent National-led governments of the 1990s, this thesis traces the process of reconfiguring citizen subjectivity initially as 'social consumers' and participants in a coalition of minorities, and subsequently as universal taxpayers in antagonistic relation to unemployed beneficiaries. These changes are related back to key discursive events in New Zealand's recent social policy history as well as to shifts in the discourses of politicians that address the nature of the public interest and the targets of social policy. I argue that this neoliberalisation of New Zealand's citizenship regime was the outcome of the hegemonic articulatory discourse strategies of governing parties in the 1980s and 1990s. Struggles between government administrations and citizen-based social movement groups were articulated to the neoliberal project. I also argue that in the late 1990s, discursive struggle between the dominant parties to define themselves in difference from each other reveals both the 'de'contestation of a set of neoliberal policy prescriptions, underscoring the neoliberal political problematic, and the privileging of a contributing taxpayer identity as the source of political legitimacy. This study shows that the dynamics of discursive struggle matter and demonstrates how the outcomes of discursive struggle direct policy change. In particular, it establishes how neoliberal discourse strategies evolved from political discourses in competition with other discourses to become the hegemonic political problematic underscoring institutional practice and policy development.

När den svenska klimatdebatten intensifierades under 2000-talets första decennium tilldelades allmänheten en särskild roll. I den mediala och politiska debatten verkade lösningen på miljöproblemen intimt förknippad med individers livsstilar. I den här avhandlingen betraktas det synsättet som del av en pågående individualisering av miljöansvar. Med en poststrukturalistisk feministisk utgångspunkt hanteras det individualiserade miljöansvaret som en specifik diskurs. Diskursen beskriver individer som de centrala aktörerna som ska motverka miljöproblemen. Hur individer förhåller sig till rimligheten i en sådan ansvarsfördelning eller förstår innebörden av ett sådant ansvar är emellertid oklart. Syftet med avhandlingen är att utforska hur individer begripliggör och förhandlar diskursen om individuellt miljöansvar i gruppsamtal. För att förstå hur individer kan positionera sig i relation till diskursen analyseras tolv fokusgruppsamtal med personer som befinner sig i olika livssituationer och har olika erfarenheter av miljöfrågor och resande. Samtalsdeltagarnas förhandlingar av diskursens innebörd och relevans analyseras. Avhandlingen undersöker vilka andra diskurser som stödjer, konkurrerar med eller utgör motdiskurser till den individualiserade miljödiskursen. Därmed framgår hur individer kan införliva eller göra motstånd mot miljödiskursens verklighetsbeskrivning. I avhandlingen undersöks även vilka subjektspositioner som görs problematiska respektive oproblematiska i relation till ett individualiserat miljöansvar. Det bidrar med insikt om hur diskurser knutna till genus och klass kan positionera individer som i olika grad eller på olika sätt ansvariga för sin miljöpåverkan. Analysen visar hur individuellt miljöansvar förknippas med resursstarka och oberoende individer, individer som kan tänka sig att agera utan stöd från vare sig omgivningen eller stödjande samhällsstrukturer. Samtalsdeltagare i studien beskriver det individualiserade miljöansvaret som alltifrån moraliskt viktigt och positivt till orimligt och orealistiskt. Konkurrens mellan individer följer i diskursens spår. Både personer som tar på sig stort ansvar och de som inte förmår eller vill leva upp till idealet om att förändra sin livsstil pekas ut som problematiska. Samtidigt hamnar andra potentiella ansvarstagare och politiska arenor ofta i skymundan. Därtill riktar vissa samtalsdeltagare misstro mot samhällets förmåga att överhuvudtaget hantera miljöproblem, vilket tolkas som en aspekt av det individualiserade miljöansvarets dominans. / Over the last decade, the behaviors and lifestyles of the Swedish public have been depicted as having important environmental effects by both politicians and the media in Sweden. In this thesis, this is regarded as part of an ongoing tendency to individualize environmental responsibilities. Using a feminist poststructuralist point of departure, this individualized environmental responsibility is understood as a particular discourse that frames individuals as essential actors in handling environmental problems. How individuals position themselves in relation to the reasonableness and meaning of these responsibilities, however, is still an open question. The aim is to explore how individuals make scnse of and negotiate the discourse of individual environmental responsibility in group discussions. Twelve focus group conversations involving people in various life situations and with various expericnces of environmental issues and travelling are analyzed. The analysis investigates how the focus group participants position themselves in relation to the discoursc and, thus, negotiate its meaning and relevance. The analysis seeks to understand what other discourses support, compete with, or challenge the discourse of individual environmental responsibility in order to illuminate how individuals can incorporate or resist this particular discursive description of the world. The thesis also investigates what subject positions are made troubled or untroubled by the focus group participants, which reveals how gender and dass discourses position individuals as in various ways or to various degrees responsible for their individual impact on the environment. The analysis suggests that the discourse of individual environmental responsibility privileges independent, self-governing individuals, that is, people who assume responsibility without demanding either societal or social support. Some focus group participants depict individual environmental responsibility as morally significant and beneficial, while others depict it as unrealistic and unacceptable. The discourse seems to engender competition between individuals. Both people acting as highly environmentally responsible and people acting as unable or unwilling to take environmental responsibility are framed as troubled individuals in the conversations. Concurrently, other potential environmentally responsible actors and political scenes are often neglected. The discourse of individual environmental responsibility dominates; for some focus group participants, this discourse leads toa lack of faith in societal ability to handle environmental problems.