Primary school teacher education in Botswana has undergone a tremendous change in recent years. The former two-year Primary Teaching Certificate has been phased out and replaced by a three-year diploma in primary education. In the three-year teacher training programme, students have the liberty to specialize in two subjects. Since teacher education plays a pivotal role in the efficiency and effectiveness of delivery of the curriculum, it is envisaged that the three-year programme will adequately equip students to ensure efficient and effective syllabi delivery. It is on this premise that this study examined the training of primary school teachers for musical arts education in Botswana’s colleges of primary education. It further identifies the problems in the teacher training programme and proposes ways in which the music training programme could be improved. The research was conducted following a survey method in which data collection techniques of questionnaires, interviews and observations were used. Primary school teachers responded to the questionnaire and some were observed. College lecturers were interviewed. In addition, some important insights were obtained from literature and have been incorporated in this study. Information obtained revealed that students are admitted at the colleges of education with little or no formal music education and this makes it difficult for them to choose music as an area of specialisation. The syllabi that are used for the two music categories do not differ much; there is inadequate allocation of time for music lessons. The syllabi do not cover much African music, concentrating more on Western educationists than on African ones. Colleges of education lack resources for effective training and the emphasis is more on the theoretical aspect than the practical component. The study indicates that teachers are of the opinion that the training they undergo does not adequately equip them to face the challenges of the CAPA (Creative and Performing Arts) syllabus - which deals with practical subjects of which music is one. Consequently, very few activities are employed when teaching the CAPA syllabus at primary schools. Primary schools also lack musical instruments. Teachers are unable to integrate music with other art forms because the training does not include the integration of arts education. These are some of the problems faced by the teacher training as revealed by this study. The research proposes ways in which the admission can be done and the syllabus for musical arts education which can then be used at colleges. There are also recommendations to be considered by the Ministry of Education, music educators and parents, in order to improve musical arts education in Botswana. / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Music / unrestricted

The following is a complete syllabus for a college level genetics course. The syllabus contains lecture outlines and notes for each chapter, along with a list of transparencies needed. The quizzes and exams are prepared and placed at the beginning of the syllabus. The beginning of the course will consist of a lecture to introduce the students to the basics of genetics, followed by many applications of genetics. The process of cell division will be mastered by the students, as well as Mendelian genetics, quantitative genetics, chromosome mapping, and inheritance. The replication, synthesis, and organization of DNA are also discussed within the lectures. The final topics that will be covered using this syllabus are genetics of cancer and immunology and population genetics. These topics are essential for a detailed genetics course. The syllabus is written in great detail, and will require a full semester to be completed. The book used in association with this syllabus is Essentials of Genetics by William S. Klug and Michael R. Cummings.

This exploratory, qualitative research explored the extent that course syllabi in the Departments of English in 13 public and 9 private universities in Taiwan reflect the inclusion of syllabus components to promote learning as recommended in the literature in the United States. Research questions included: what components can be inferred from the literature in the U.S. for the recommended components of a course syllabus, for the components for a learning-centered syllabus, and for a model to analyze Bloom's cognitive level of learning? And when these are applied to analyze course syllabi in English courses, are syllabi in these universities congruent with the models? The research identified and analyzed 235 course syllabi from the core courses listed online at these universities. The findings indicated that these syllabi are highly congruent with the syllabus components template; 68% of the syllabi included seven or more of the ten components. Additionally, these syllabi reflect medium congruency with the learning-centered syllabus template. Verbs used in objectives and learning outcomes in different English courses indicate different levels of cognitive learning goals as identified by Bloom's cognitive domain. Additional findings indicate that there was no difference in inclusion of components based on where faculty earned their doctoral degree. This research assumed similarities between higher education in Taiwan and the U.S., conclusions indicate that the course syllabi in Departments of English in Taiwan are congruent with the models recommended in the literature in the U.S.

This qualitative study examines the teaching of urban education in introductory and foundational college courses. The research positions course syllabi as ubiquitous public documents that socialize students into discourse communities, and is framed within theories of social constructivism. An examination of course objectives, course assignments, and core required texts revealed varying levels of consistency in the stated learning outcomes on all (n = 31) syllabi. Overall, five conceptual approaches to introductory courses in urban education emerged: 1) schools and the social order; 2) historical perspective; 3) education policy analysis; 4) professional practice, pedagogy and research persona; and 5) teacher as change agent. Shared organizing features of all syllabi included references to education inequity, social stratification, structural racism, poverty, and social justice; however, the degree of topic emphasis varied substantially. Closer alignment between course objectives and course assignments was identified in two conceptual frameworks: a) schools and the social order and b) education policy analysis. However, minimal alignment between course objectives and assignments was identified on syllabi in c) professional practice, pedagogy; d) teacher as change agent; and e) historical perspective approaches. A review of core texts on the syllabi revealed notable consensus about required titles. Urban education is a field of study inhabited by many different academic disciplines. These findings suggest that for the field’s introductory courses, greater coherence of conceptual approaches and closer alignment of assignments with objectives deserve to be carefully considered. / Educational Psychology

<p>The essay treats religion teachers’ planning and how this is affected, from the perspective of three different aspects: steering documents, pupils and colleagues. Through interviews with a number of upper secondary school teachers, thoughts and opinions concerning these aspects impact on the planning, both from a quantitative and qualitative perspective, have been raised. The steering documents have proved to have the strongest influence on planning, while pupils’ and colleagues’ opinions have come second. The authors are in their closing discussion surprised to see the domination of the steering documents and the lack of cooperation between pupils and teachers as well as between teachers when planning.</p> / <p>Uppsatsen behandlar religionslärares planering och hur denna påverkas utifrån tre aspekter: styrdokument, elever och kollegor. Författarna har genom intervju med ett antal gymnasielärare tagit del av tankar och åsikter angående dessa tre aspekters kvantitativa och kvalitativa påverkan på planeringen. Styrdokumenten har visat sig vara den starkaste kraften i planeringen, medan elevernas och kollegornas åsikter kommit i andra respektive tredje hand. Författarna är i sin slutdiskussion förvånade över styrdokumentens starka roll i planeringen och den brist på samarbete mellan både elever och lärare och lärare emellan som blir synliggjord.</p>

The essay treats religion teachers’ planning and how this is affected, from the perspective of three different aspects: steering documents, pupils and colleagues. Through interviews with a number of upper secondary school teachers, thoughts and opinions concerning these aspects impact on the planning, both from a quantitative and qualitative perspective, have been raised. The steering documents have proved to have the strongest influence on planning, while pupils’ and colleagues’ opinions have come second. The authors are in their closing discussion surprised to see the domination of the steering documents and the lack of cooperation between pupils and teachers as well as between teachers when planning. / Uppsatsen behandlar religionslärares planering och hur denna påverkas utifrån tre aspekter: styrdokument, elever och kollegor. Författarna har genom intervju med ett antal gymnasielärare tagit del av tankar och åsikter angående dessa tre aspekters kvantitativa och kvalitativa påverkan på planeringen. Styrdokumenten har visat sig vara den starkaste kraften i planeringen, medan elevernas och kollegornas åsikter kommit i andra respektive tredje hand. Författarna är i sin slutdiskussion förvånade över styrdokumentens starka roll i planeringen och den brist på samarbete mellan både elever och lärare och lärare emellan som blir synliggjord.

Älander, Eva (2011): De nationella proven i svenska – hur påverkar de undervisningen i årskurs 9? Examensarbete i didaktik. Lärarprogrammet. Akademin för utbildning och ekonomi. Högskolan i Gävle.   Sammanfattning Detta är en studie om det nationella provet i svenska för årskurs 9. Arbetets syfte har varit att undersöka hur några lärare uppfattar att de nationella proven påverkar de prioriteringar som de gör runt ämnets innehåll. Med andra ord: hur de nationella proven påverkar undervisningen i svenska i årskurs 9. Leder proven till att den dagliga undervisningen fokuserar vissa mål på bekostnad av andra mål? Eller är det snarare så att provens existens hjälper till att ställa kursplanens innehåll i fokus på ett sätt som gynnar elevernas måluppfyllelse? Undersökningen genomfördes i form av semi-strukturerade intervjuer med fem stycken lärare som i dagsläget undervisar i svenska. Dessa lärare har varit involverade i genomförande och bedömning av nationella prov mellan två och femton gånger. Den intervjuguide som användes berörde två stycken teman; de nationella proven samt kursplanen i svenska och dess skrivningar om ämnets centrala innehåll i årskurs 7-9. Årligen genomför cirka 100 000 elever de tre delprov som ingår i det nationella provet i svenska för årskurs 9. Trots att proven inte mäter alla kursplanens mål är de mycket viktiga redskap för lärarnas bedömning och betygssättning. Lärarna i denna studie ser provresultaten som ett mått på (och garant för) sin egen bedömningsnivå, att de hamnat rätt i sin helhetsbedömning av elevens måluppfyllelse. Under en längre tid har det konstateras relativt stora avvikelser mellan elevernas provbetyg och deras samlade terminsbetyg. En sådan avvikelse behöver inte alltid vara ett problem, men den kan också visa på att lärares bedömning inte är likvärdig över landet. Problematiken blir extra tydlig när långa texter ska bedömas och bedömningsanvisningarna lämnar stort tolkningsutrymme till den enskilde läraren. Ett arbetssätt som rekommenderas för att råda bot på likvärdighetsproblematiken är sambedömning. Sambedömning problematiseras i denna studies resultat utifrån risken för att skolkulturer skapas samt de tendenser till skillnader i villkor som anas mellan lärare på kommunala respektive fristående skolor. Det blir tydligt i denna studies resultat att det nationella provet påverkar undervisningen i relativt stor utsträckning, inte minst genom de grundliga förberedelser som genomförs inför provet. Detta väcker frågor om var gränsen går mellan att ge eleverna så goda förutsättningar som möjligt och att förbereda dem så pass mycket att provresultatet inte säger något om elevens kunskaper utan snarare är en produkt utav en längre tids strategiska förberedelser? Nyckelord: bedömning, kursplan, lektionsinnehåll, måluppfyllelse, nationella prov, svenska, årskurs 9 Keywords: assessment, course syllabi, goal attainment, lesson planning, national tests, Swedish, year 9

The present project is linked to the research line of Education and Arts of the Graduate Program on Education/UFSM and to the FAPEM study group and research: Teacher Management, Action and Research on Musical Education. The main objective was to investigate the history of Music in the Pedagogy Course at Universidade Federal de Santa Maria in terms of how it was organized and implemented. Besides, factors that influenced the syllabus organization were analyzed so that an understanding of the changes that took place in the subject of Music between 1984 and 2008 could be better assessed. This kind of investigation is part of the historical field of school subjects having as reference the researches developed by Bittencourt (2003), Chervel (1990), Goodson (1997, 2008) and Santos (1990). Metodologically, the investigation was organized based on oral history∕reports (ALBERTI, 2005; FREITAS, 2006; MEIHY, 2005), whose data were collected through some teachers interviews, teachers who saw changes made in the course syllabus, together with an analysis of corresponding documents. The Pedagogy Course, throughout its history, has been attempting to qualify future professionals in the different fields of knowledge. Thus, issues dealing with the teaching of Arts have permeated this area enabling prospective teachers to have contacts with knowledge necessary to develop classroom teaching. Concerning Musical Education, the insertion of music in the Pedagogy Course syllabus took place in 1984 and, since then, the area has been going through the process of constant development so that teachers can be better prepared. Many professors and teachers that deal with music subjects have contributed with their academic and professional experience besides their personal trajectories, establishing the mark of duty and professionalism of this area within the context of UFSM. Through the research, it has been verified that the year 1984 was seminal to what UFSM pedagogues profile should be. A new course was started, marked by up to date tendencies, with its syllabus organized based on specific methodologies to the different areas of knowledge. Throughout the years, formative propositions have been altered and the course has gone through three major changes - 1984, 2004 and 2007 - in order to comply with legislation, with area guidelines and the changes of conceptions on the part of professors and teachers responsible for the subject of music. The registered syllabus changes reflected a great amount of thought, discussions and movements, internal and external, regarding the context of the Education Center, which reflected a new dynamic in Brazilian education. The serious commitment on the part of the coordination and teachers regarding the course generated new syllabi, which followed new perspectives of what a new teacher should be, and have contributed to the quality improvement of school contexts in Santa Maria and towns in the vicinity. / O presente projeto está vinculado à linha de pesquisa Educação e Artes do PPGE/UFSM e ao grupo de estudos e pesquisas FAPEM: Formação, Ação e Pesquisa em Educação Musical. Objetivou-se investigar a história da disciplina de Música no curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, compreendendo-se como ela foi construída e implantada em seu currículo. Buscou-se ainda analisar os fatores que influenciaram tal construção e compreender as mudanças que se fizeram presentes na disciplina de Música entre 1984 e 2008. A investigação se insere no campo da história das disciplinas escolares, tomando-se como referência os estudos de Bittencourt (2003), Chervel (1990), Goodson (1997, 2008) e Santos (1990). Metodologicamente, a investigação foi organizada a partir da história oral (ALBERTI, 2005; FREITAS, 2006; MEIHY, 2005), cujos dados foram coletados mediante depoimentos de colaboradores que presenciaram as modificações no currículo do curso, juntamente com a análise de documentos institucionais. O curso de Pedagogia, ao longo de sua história, vem buscando qualificar os futuros profissionais nas diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Desse modo, preocupações acerca de propostas voltadas ao ensino de Arte têm permeado este espaço, proporcionando aos futuros professores contatos formais com um corpo de conhecimentos necessários ao exercício da docência em sala de aula. No caso da Educação Musical, a inserção da música no currículo do curso de Pedagogia ocorreu no ano de 1984 e, desde então, a área vem se constituindo e consolidando na formação de professores unidocentes. Inúmeros professores que trabalharam com as disciplinas de música contribuíram com suas experiências acadêmico-profissionais e suas trajetórias pessoais, marcando com compromisso e profissionalismo a área no contexto da UFSM. A partir da pesquisa, constatou-se que o momento de 1984 foi decisivo para o que viria a ser a formação de pedagogos na UFSM, criando-se um novo curso, marcado pelo pioneirismo, o qual estruturou seu currículo a partir de metodologias específicas às diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Ao longo dos anos, as propostas formativas foram sendo alteradas, passando o curso por três reformulações - 1984, 2004 e 2007, de modo a adequar-se à legislação, às orientações da área e às mudanças de concepções dos professores responsáveis pela disciplina de música. As alterações curriculares registradas nasceram de intensas reflexões, discussões e movimentos, internos e externos, ao contexto do Centro de Educação, os quais refletiram uma nova dinâmica da educação brasileira. O trabalho incansável da coordenação e dos professores comprometidos com o curso gerou novos currículos, os quais acompanharam as tendências de formação de um novo professor e contribuíram para a qualificação dos contextos escolares de Santa Maria e região.

This paper critically goes through the sources, the Swedish curricula in music published between 1962 and 2011.Through tools as discourse analysis and deconstruction it derives key expressions, checks for values and possible hierarchies between keywords relating to genre and other emphasized concepts related to the music curricula. The study pays special attention to the position of musical craft and esthetical values in the various documents. A starting point for problematization is Jacques Derrida's expression "monolingualism" where the owner, recipient and purpose of the narrative are made visible. The theoretical perspective consists of political ideology as the origin of the curricula within the education system. The analysis is based on theory and method from Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Giovanna Borradori and Zygmunt Bauman. Theory and method are used in the search and evaluation of wordings that reveal impact from political ambitions in the Swedish music curricula. A comparative analysis of the result concludes the study and withdraws conclusions and suggestions for future studies.

The problem of this study is that of developing a program of study of Mexican literature at the graduate level at North Texas State University. The study of literature and culture is approached by probing into the influences on the thinking of the Mexican and by using an in-depth study, rather than an "anthology" approach to teaching. The findings of the study indicate a need for an upper level course in Mexican literature at North Texas State University. Therefore, the following recommendations seem appropriate: (1) that North Texas State University initiate a course in Mexican literature which may be utilized by both students in the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures and students in the Bilingual/Bicultural Education program; (2) that the course be made available to both graduate and upper-level students; (3) that oral communication be emphasized in the course and that student participation in the target language be maximized.