本文旨在探討政府公關對記者間日常互動與危機運作，雖以政府公關為研究角度，然互動過程是你來我往的動態過程，不應只從單一面向研究，必須知曉雙方的立場與看法，才能較宏觀瞭解消息來源與記者兩者互動的情形。鑑於過去研究不是單從消息來源就是從記者角度出發，本研究以政府公關與記者為研究對象，探討政府公關日常對記者的互動關係與行為模式，而這些關係在危機時是否能為政府公關所用。 本研究以政府公關與記者的互動為分析資料，探討四個面向：第一，政府公關如何與記者互動，並且管理維繫雙方善意的關係；第二，政府公關影響新聞產製的方式；第三，政府公關與記者之間關係如何轉化為人脈、人情與信任而為之所用；第四，政府公關對記者日常互動往來，當政府公關面臨危機運作產生的效用或影響。 本研究採用深度訪談法，訪問政府公關與記者各三位，從中歸納出政府公關對記者的日常互動與危機運作，包括「政府公關與記者互動影響因素」、「政府公關操縱新聞產製」、「政府公關運用人際關係」以及政府公關面臨危機個案之運用。 / This study aims to analyze interactions of government public relations officers with journalists and crisis management. Although this study takes the viewpoints from the government public relations officers, as the interaction is a two-way dynamic communication process, we should examine the positions and perspectives of both parties so as to understand the real situations between them in a macroscopic method. Since the past studies take viewpoints from either sources or journalists, this study takes both government public relations officers and journalists as study objects, and discusses their behavior to see if the government public relations officers are able to utilize the relationships when crises take place. The study includes four aspects: (1) How government public relations officers interact with journalists and manage to maintain a fine relationship. (2) How government public relations officers affect the news production. (3) How the relationship between both sides converts into personal connections, sympathy and trust, which then can be utilized. (4) How the daily interactions benefit or impact crisis management of the government public relations officers. This study employs in-depth interview as the study method. The interviewees are three government public relations officers and three journalists. The study results indicate that the daily interactions between the two sides and crisis management can be divided into four parts: “the necessary elements of the interactions between government public relations officers and journalists”, “government public relations officers’ manipulation of news production”, “government public relations officers’ utilization of interpersonal connections”, and “the government public relations officers’ utilization of relationships when crises arise”.

L'objet de cette recherche est de découvrir le vrai sens de la fameuse « main invisible » d'Adam Smith à travers la nature humaine en insistant surtout sur le rôle de l'imagination humaine. Afin d'éclairer le plus grand mythe de toute l'histoire de l'économie moderne, on va faire référence aux différents concepts du maître écossais comme la philosophie, la sympathie, le spectateur impartial, la surprise, l'étonnement, l'admiration ou encore les vertus. Dans cette démarche, il sera sans doute essentiel d'insister sur les caractéristiques de l'homme à savoir son amour pour des systèmes cohérents, réguliers, harmonieux et simples, pour améliorer sa condition, sa recherche pour plus de commodités, son désir d'approbation ou encore son aversion pour une désapprobation de la part d'autrui. L'objet de ses différentes références est de prouver une cohérence évidente et intelligible non seulement en ce qui concerne l'unicité de la philosophie smithienne mais aussi en ce qui concerne le vrai sens de la main invisible du père fondateur de l'économie moderne. / The purpose of this research is to discover the true meaning of the famous "invisible hand" of Adam Smith through human nature with particular emphasis on the role of human imagination. To inform the biggest myth in the history of the modern economy, we will refer to different concepts of the Scottish master as the philosophy, sympathy, impartial spectator, surprise, wonder, admiration or virtues. In this approach, it may be essential to emphasize the characteristics of man namely his love for coherent, regular, harmonious and simple systems, to improve his condition, his search for convenience, his desire to approval or his aversion for disapproval from others. The purpose of its various references is to prove an evident and intelligible consistency not only regarding to the uniqueness of the Smithian philosophy but also regarding to the true meaning of the invisible hand of the founding father of the modern economics.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 176-181). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

This thesis deals with the theory of moral sentiments as put in Adam Smith's work. The thesis reflects the legacy of Adam Smith and enlightened sentimentalism as whole in field of contemporary philosophy and sociological science. Hence the thesis gives attention to misinterpretations of Smith's work, to his economical heritage with emphasis on Hayek's elaboration of the theory of spontaneous order (which has foundation in the notion of the "invisible hand") and also to his legacy in political philosophy. Here the thesis introduces particularly the debate on reflective autonomy, which is crucial for the lining of fundamental features of the disagreement between rationalistic and sentimentalistic account of the origin of morality, and tries to advocate the significance of sentimentalistic claims in todays society. The aim of this thesis is to convince the reader that the aspects of our mind, which the theory of moral sentiments and sentimentalism emphases and which are rather overlooked or devalued in todays world, are absolutely necessary in public debate.

L’objet de la présente étude est le personnage principal dans l’oeuvre Le Fantôme de l’Opéra de Gaston Leroux. Le but de cette analyse littéraire est de mettre en évidence l'ambiguïté et la complexité psychologique et morale de ce personnage.L’analyse est basée sur les théories de Vincent Jouve à propos de la perception du personnage romanesque. Le résultat de l'analyse montre que l'ambiguïté du personnage principal peut être déduite de ce que Jouve appelle le « système de la sympathie » constitué de trois codes : le code narratif, le code affectif et le code culturel. / The object of this study is the main character in the novel Le Fantôme de l’Opéra by Gaston Leroux. The purpose of this literature analysis is to highlight the ambiguity and complexity surrounding this character based on a psychological and moral point of view.The analysis is based on the theories of Vincent Jouve about the perception of a fictional character. The result of the analysis shows that the ambiguity of the main character can be deduced from what Jouve calls the "system of sympathy" consisting of three codes : the narrative code, the affective code and the cultural code.

Denna studie analyserar John Ajvide Lindqvists debutroman Låt den rätte komma in (2004).       Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera tre av romanens biroller: Håkan, Virginia och Lacke. Analysen fokuserar på birollernas narrativa funktion, samt hur berättelsen gör för att identifikation ska skapas mellan läsaren och birollerna. De forskningsfrågor som studien sökt svar på är: Vilken narrativ funktion har birollerna Håkan, Virginia och Lacke i handlingen? Och, vilka identifikationsstrategier använder texten i relation till birollerna och hur skapas identifikation hos läsaren?      Resultatet visar att karaktärernas narratologiska funktion är att konkretisera temat ensamhet och gemenskap. Birollernas berättelse har gestaltats genom en heterodiegetisk berättare, som har tillgång till karaktärernas inre tankar. Centralt i detta är användandet av intern fokalisering, som gör det möjligt för den tänkta läsaren att identifiera sig med karaktärerna. Resultatet visar att identifikation skapas med denna berättarteknik, vilket är den största anledningen till att läsaren finner identifikation till birollernas handlingar och känslor. / This essay analyzes John Ajvide Lindqvist’s debut novel Låt den rätte komma in (2004) (Let the Right One In). The purpose of this essay is to analyze three of the novel’s side characters: Håkan, Virginia and Lacke. The analysis focuses on the narrative function of the supporting characters, and how the story creates identification between the reader and the supporting characters. The research questions that this study aims to answer are: What narrative function do the supporting characters, Håkan, Virginia and Lacke, have in the story? And, what identification strategies does the text use in relation to the supporting characters and how is identification created for the readers? The results show that the narratological function of the characters is to concretize the theme of loneliness and fellowship. The supporting characters have been narrated through a heterodiegetic narrator, who has access to the charcters’ internal thoughts. Central to this is the use of internal focalization, which enables the reader to find identification for the characters. The results show that identification is created with this narrative technique, which is the main reason why readers find identification for the characters’ actions and feelings.

Austen, Dickens, and Eliot each responded to discussions of their time concerning class, gender, and social change. One of the ways they addressed these issues, and sought to find solutions to the problems facing their culture, was through benevolence. Knightley, in Emma, uses benevolence as a means of mediating self-interest and sympathy. By acting out of sympathy, through benevolence, he achieves the self-interested benefits of reinforcing the class system and achieving his romantic conquests. Likewise, Dickens' Nicholas Nickleby learns how to use benevolence as a means of social mobility from his mentors, the Cheerybles. Throughout Nicholas Nickleby the hero learns how to engage in benevolence out of sympathy, and by doing so he establishes himself as a gentleman and reaps social, economic, and romantic advantages. Eliot's Bob Jakin in The Mill on the Floss engages in benevolence out of true sympathy unhindered by self-interest. His freedom from social constraint and self-interest allows him to truly help Maggie Tulliver when no one else can. These authors' depictions of benevolence all illuminate ways that nineteenth-century literary authors sought to navigate the “Adam Smith Problem" of sympathy vs. self-interest. Benevolence, in these novels, is not disinterested (regardless of their motivation) but is influenced by the character's and author's perception of class, gender, and social change in the nineteenth century.

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How do we design for a local community while respecting heritage and touching their hearts? We know through our minds and we understand through our hearts. Consciousness touches minds and experience touches hearts. Since phenomenology is the study of both consciousness and experience, this phenomenological architectural thesis is designed to touch both minds and hearts. Instead of replacement, we need embracement in order to root one's social identity. Only then we will elevate cultural heritage in any context, for example African. This thesis includes a case study of light followed by a 'pataphysical design proposal for Tapestry: a new library at Mzuzu University in Malawi. The library proposal is introduced through poems and visual information in the following sets: metaphysical, physical, 'pataphysical. Through the inquiry in haiku writing style, this poetry collection evaluates corners, windows, light, intensity, form. Not only we propose an exciting and unique library design, but we also discover that dignity is the key to unlocking the spirit of light in any project, regardless of its form. / Master of Architecture