As dinâmicas formas de organização e atuação política do empresariado brasileiro têm despertado o interesse de estudiosos da ciência política e áreas correlatas do conhecimento. Este trabalho examina a atuação política dos empresários da indústria da cerveja por meio de um estudo das transformações ocorridas em sua entidade representativa no sistema corporativista, o Sindicato Nacional da Indústria da Cerveja, Sindicerv. Para tornar mais rica a compreensão das transformações no Sindicerv e na representação política do setor cervejeiro de maneira geral, paralelamente à história do Sindicerv, é discutido o contexto político-econômico brasileiro, assim como a evolução do mercado de cerveja no Brasil. / The dynamic methods of political representation implemented by the businessmen in Brazil have been the focus of many academic studies. This work, through the examination of Sindicervs (union of Brazilian beer producers) history, reveals the changing forms of political representation used by beer producers along the last century. In order to enrich the discussion on the changes that took place in the beer producers forms of political representation, along this text, political and economic aspects of Brazil are also discussed herein.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:24:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1632.pdf: 1816366 bytes, checksum: 70fdaaebe1eee0f7c3355a410f8520c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-13 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The social inclusion projects of President Lula s first term accordingly proceeded through the market, as for instance: the Microcredit project, Banco Popular do Brasil (Brazil s Popular Bank) and especially the pension funds. Social inclusion by way of market is part of PT s political policies, which surveys have provisionally considered as moralization and/or domestication of capitalism, seeing that it strives to apply the money from speculation into productive activities that are capable of generating employment and income for workers. The moralization and/or domestication of capitalism is perceptible in the creation and management guidelines of the pension funds, which became consolidated as a great concern in the Federal Government s program, the three central unions of the country (especially CUT) and the labor unions, especially in the banking and electricity federations. The interaction among the syndicalists and former syndicalists in the Lula Government, businessmen from the pension funds sector and the Federal Government, bespeaks the complicity of interests and the convergence of the elite around the precise configuration of the pension funds. Thus, supported by the discourse of social responsibility, ethical investment, democratic management of the funds, protection of workers savings and the fight against capitalism, by means of their own instruments (domestication of capitalism), the Brazilian syndicalists have expanded accumulated legitimacy to the financial area in the workers scope. Therefore, their argument on management/protection of workers savings is justified as morally legitimate. Taking into account the aforementioned context, the present doctorate thesis set out to understand the social convention changes that the Brazilian syndicalism undergoes, the ambiguities and contradictions of such syndicate actions and the factual role and power our syndicates command. By the same token, it sought to comprehend the social inclusion policies by means of the market of the Lula Government. Lastly, it placed emphasis on the international ideas regarding the pension funds project, as well as the new institutionalizations created by the market s consolidation of pension funds in Brazil. The present work was theoretically influenced by Bourdieu, Mary Douglas, Marcel Mauss, Robert Castel, among renowned professionals of the Brazilian and international Social Sciences. Empirically, interviews were conducted with syndicalists, members of the Lula Government and those who oppose the pension funds project, in addition to observation participation in the events of this sector. Moreover, field work was carried out in central unions in France / Os projetos de inclusão social do primeiro Governo Lula passaram necessariamente pelo mercado: projeto microcrédito, Banco Popular do Brasil e especialmente fundos de pensão, são alguns exemplos. A inclusão social via mercado faz parte de uma política do PT que estamos denominando provisoriamente como moralização e/ou domesticação do capitalismo, já que busca aplicar o dinheiro oriundo da especulação em atividade produtiva, capaz de gerar emprego e renda para o trabalhador. A domesticação e/ou moralização do capitalismo fica evidente na política de criação e gestão de fundos de pensão, que se cristalizou enquanto tema de grande interesse na agenda do Governo Federal, das três centrais sindicais do país (sobretudo da CUT) e junto aos sindicatos, especialmente do setor bancário e eletricitário. A interação entre sindicalistas, ex-sindicalistas presentes no Governo Lula, empresários do setor de fundos de pensão e Governo Federal, coloca em evidência a cumplicidade de interesses e a convergência de elite , em torno da configuração precisa dos fundos de pensão. Nesse sentido, apoiados no discurso de responsabilidade social, investimento ético, gestão democrática dos fundos, proteção da poupança dos trabalhadores e na luta contra o capitalismo usando suas próprias armas (domesticação do capitalismo), os sindicalistas brasileiros têm ampliado para o espaço financeiro, a legitimidade acumulada no espaço trabalhista. Para tanto, argumentam ser moralmente legítimos na gestão/proteção da poupança dos trabalhadores. Considerando o contexto exposto acima, essa tese de doutoramento buscou compreender as mudanças de convenções sociais pelas quais passam o sindicalismo brasileiro, as ambiguidades e contradições dessa ação sindical e o real papel e poder do qual dispõem nossos sindicatos. Da mesma forma, buscou entender a política de inclusão social, via mercado do Governo Lula. Finalmente, buscou pontuar as inspirações internacionais para o projeto de fundos de pensão, e as novas institucionalidades criadas pela consolidação do mercado de fundos de pensão. Têm como inspiração teórica Bourdieu, Mary Douglas, Marcel Mauss, Robert Castel, dentre grandes nomes das Ciências Sociais do país e do exterior. Empiricamente, foram realizadas entrevistas com sindicalistas, membros do Governo Federal e opositores ao projeto de fundos de pensão, bem como observação participante em eventos do setor. Da mesma forma, foi realizada pesquisa de campo em centrais sindicais na França.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Josenilton_TESE.pdf: 1414854 bytes, checksum: e9ab36996ecdbe1652a874e4328c62e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work examines the connection Syndicate/teachers profession trying to unveil the important role taken over by the Syndical movement in the process of professionalization of the militant teachers. For that, it describes and analyses the historical course of three Syndicates representatives of the teachers category Associa??o dos Professores Licenciados da Bahia APLB; Sindicato dos Trabalhadores em Educa??o de Pernambuco SINTEPE; Sindicato dos Servidores Municipais de Petrolina SINDSEMP acting in the micro-region of the San Francisco Valley, especially, in the municipalities of Juazeiro Bahia , and of Petrolina Pernambuco. It concentrates its interests on the contribution of the Syndicates for the professional development of these teachers in this region analysing the aspects related to emerging conflicts into the Syndical organization, to the attitude of these entities before the educational reality to their reinvindicative struggles to the formative dimension of the group actions. This study tries to answer the following questions: How has this syndical movement of teachers of state school of S. Francisco Valley been characterized? How do their actions reflect in the formation and professionalization of the teachers? Do teachers recognize the syndicate as a constructive space for the teaching profession? The methodological trajectory was directed through a qualitative approach of an etnomethodological character, using instruments for the understanding of this reality, The treatment of the data was based on the interpretative analysis of the speeches present in documents and through answers of the interviwees, having as a reference in this analysis the theoretical studies about syndicalism and the teacher professionalization. For a conceptual construction of this work it was studied these two categories from their genesis, from the social historical evolution of their concepts and the up to date discussions that give explanations about the teachers syndical movement and about the process of teachers professionalization. As thesis of this study it was defended the idea of that the teachers syndicates have contributed expressively in the process of the construction of the teacher profession of the militant teachers of this in the micro-region of the S. Francisco Valley. Once the teachers participate actively in this movement promoted by the syndical entities, the teachers develop the critical sense of the educational realty; improve their formation and reinvindicate from the State this condition as a Right; fight for better conditions in the work; reinvindicate the salary valuation and, try to construct an image of teacher basing on a professional model. The contribution of the Syndicate in the process of teachers profissionalization, is more evident in its external dimension that chacterizes the profissionalism, on the related aspects: to the forms of participation in the definition and the management of the educational politics; to the political struggles for the achievements of the professional status, to the recognition and of his eventual valuation. The syndical actions have repercussions with less intensity in the inside dimension that defines the profissionality, in the related aspects: to the administratation of the pedagogical processes in schools and in the classroom; to the acquisition of branches of knowledges; to the epistemological criticism of the acquirements mobilized in the teaching; the curricular question to the mediation that make possible the learning at school and in the classroom / Esta tese examina a rela??o sindicato/profiss?o docente procurando desvelar o importante papel assumido pelo movimento sindical no processo de profissionaliza??o dos professores militantes. Para tanto, descreve e analisa as trajet?rias hist?ricas de tr?s sindicatos representantes da categoria docente Associa??o dos Professores Licenciados da Bahia APLB/Sindicato; Sindicato dos Trabalhadores em Educa??o de Pernambuco SINTEPE; Sindicato dos Servidores Municipais de Petrolina SINDSEMP - com atua??o na micro-regi?o do Vale do S?o Francisco, especificamente, nos munic?pios de Juazeiro Bahia, e de Petrolina Pernambuco. Concentra seu interesse nas contribui??es dos sindicatos para o desenvolvimento profissional docente nessa micro-regi?o analisando os aspectos relacionados aos conflitos emergentes na organiza??o sindical, ao posicionamento dessas entidades diante da realidade educacional, ?s suas lutas reivindicativas, ? dimens?o formativa das a??es coletivas. O estudo procura responder as seguintes quest?es: como tem se caracterizado o movimento sindical dos professores da rede p?blica no Vale do S?o Francisco? De que modo suas a??es repercutem na forma??o e profissionaliza??o dos professores? Os professores reconhecem o sindicato como um espa?o de constru??o da profiss?o docente? O percurso metodol?gico orientou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa de car?ter etnometodol?gico, utilizando como instrumentos para apreens?o dessa realidade, as fontes documentais e as entrevistas com vinte e quatro professores militantes. O tratamento dos dados baseou-se na an?lise interpretativa dos discursos presentes em documentos e nas respostas dos entrevistados, tendo como referencial nessa an?lise os estudos te?ricos sobre o sindicalismo e a profissionaliza??o docente. Para uma constru??o do marco conceitual desse trabalho estudou-se essas duas categorias a partir de suas g?neses, da evolu??o s?cio-hist?rica de seus conceitos e das discuss?es contempor?neas que produzem explica??es sobre o movimento sindical docente e sobre o processo de profissionaliza??o dos professores. Como tese desse estudo defende-se a id?ia de que os sindicatos docentes t?m contribu?do significativamente no processo de constru??o da profiss?o docente dos professores militantes desse movimento na microrregi?o do Vale do S?o Francisco. Uma vez que ao participar ativamente nas a??es coletivas promovidas pelas entidades sindicais, os professores desenvolvem seu senso cr?tico da realidade educacional; aperfei?oam sua forma??o e reivindicam do Estado essa condi??o como um direito; lutam por condi??es dignas de trabalho; reivindicam a valoriza??o salarial e, tentam construir uma imagem de professor baseando-se no modelo profissional. A contribui??o do sindicato, no processo de profissionaliza??o dos professores, ? mais evidente na sua dimens?o externa que caracteriza o profissionalismo, nos aspectos relacionados: ?s formas de participa??o na defini??o e na gest?o da pol?tica educacional; ?s lutas pol?ticas pelas conquistas do status profissional, do reconhecimento social e da sua conseq?ente valoriza??o. As a??es sindicais repercutem com menor intensidade na dimens?o interna que define a profissionalidade, nos aspectos relacionados: ? gest?o dos processos pedag?gicos na escola e na sala de aula; ? aquisi??o dos saberes disciplinares; ? cr?tica epistemol?gica dos conhecimentos mobilizados no ensino; ?s quest?es curriculares; e ?s media??es que possibilitam a aprendizagem na escola e na sala de aula

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo objetiva identificar e analisar as condições políticas e as motivações que resultaram na finalização das atividades do Sindicato dos Assistentes Sociais do Rio de Janeiro em 1990, tendo em vista os elementos estruturais, conjunturais e políticos envolvidos na trajetória sindical em geral e particularmente àqueles presentes na trajetória dos assistentes sociais. A investigação partiu da hipótese de que sobre o processo que resultou no fechamento do sindicato incidiram determinações que não poderiam ser explicadas apenas como o esgotamento de um movimento que teve ao longo dos anos 1980 ações de destaque na organização e aproximação da categoria com as lutas dos demais movimentos sociais em curso no país e particularmente no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados analisados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, análise dos registros e documentos institucionais arquivados no Sindicato dos Assistentes Sociais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (SASERJ), arquivos pessoais, acervo do Centro Brasileiro Cooperação Serviços Sociais (CBCISS), acervo do Conselho Regional de Serviço Social do Rio de Janeiro (CRESS), teses, dissertações, trabalhos de conclusão de curso e anais dos congressos da categoria. A reflexão sobre os dados foi referenciada por considerável bibliografia acerca da organização sindical brasileira e das transformações do Estado brasileiro no período abordado. / The present study aims at to identify and to analyze the political conditions and the motivations that resulted in the finalization of the activities of the Syndicate of the Social Workers of Rio de Janeiro in 1990, tends in view the elements structural, of the situation and politicians involved in the syndical path in general and particularly to those presents in the social workers path. The investigation began of the hypothesis that on the process that resulted in the closing of the union happened determinations that could not just be explained as the exhaustion of a movement that had along the years 1980 prominence actions in the organization and approach of the category with the fights of other social movements in course in the country and particularly in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The analyzed data were collected through interviews, analysis of the registrations and institutional documents filed in the Syndicate of the Social Works of the State of Rio de Janeiro (SASERJ), personal files, collection of Regional Council OF Social Service of Rio de Janeiro (CRESS), theories, dissertations, works of conclusions course and annals of the Congresses of the category. The reflection on data was established on for considerable bibliography concerning the Brazilian State in the approached period.

This thesis represents the first complete biography of Jiří Pichl, a journalist and politician who was born in 1872 in Česká Třebová. Pichl started writing for a regional newspaper after finishing high school, in the times of progressive movement that was calling for a change in the status of Czech lands within the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, and expansion of voting rights. In the beginning of the 20th century he became the reporter in charge with a Czech National Social Party newspaper in Prague. He was also working with several papers published by the Melantrich publishing house. His journalism career peeked when he became a chair of the Czechoslovak Journalists Syndicate where he achieved pension insurance for journalists. During the First Republic, Pichl also started his political career. He became the first mayor of Královské (Royal) Vinohrady after the political overturn. Later he also became a senator of the National Assembly. As a politician he was also looking after the interests of journalists. He was very vocal in calling for a new press law. For many years, he was also a chair of the Central Workers' School. He lost all of his functions during the World War II as he never collaborated with the Nazi regime. The media at the time were celebrating Jiří Pichl. He was portrayed as friendly,...

L’introduction en Bourse est une opération de financement majeure dans la vie d’une entreprise. Le choix des intermédiaires-conseils revêt une importance capitale, particulièrement celui du syndicat bancaire dont les responsabilités sont importantes, à l’image de la certification du prix d’émission et la réussite du placement des titres. Les multiples asymétries d’information et les anomalies des marchés boursiers impliquent pour l’émetteur de prendre les bonnes décisions. Nous nous intéressons particulièrement à la compréhension des critères de sélection utilisés par l’entrepriseémettrice dans le choix de la banque chef de file. Parmi ceux-ci, le critère de réputation dont les travaux empiriques, majoritairement outre-Atlantique, ont mis en évidence l’impact positif dans l’atténuation des déviations observées sur le marché boursier. La démarche suivie pour argumenter cette thèse nous a conduits, dans le premier chapitre à justifier notre positionnement théorique et à développer notre cadre de recherche. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous présentons une étude de cas de l’introduction en Bourse d’Electricité de France, opération européenne majeure réalisée durant cette dernière décennie et entreprenons une démarche qualitative dans laquelle nous prenons en compte la réalité économique et financière. Enfin, la vérification empirique de cette problématique est développée dans le troisième chapitre. Nous réalisons une étude statistique sur un échantillon d’introductions en Bourse européennes afin d’apporter des éclaircissements sur la structure de la syndication bancaire et examinons le lien de cette structure avec la réputation de la banque chef defile. / The initial public offering is a major financing operation in a company’s life. The choice of advising intermediaries is of paramount significance. This is the case in particular for the underwriting syndicate whose responsibilities, such as the certification of the issue price and the successful placement of securities are important. Multiple information asymmetries and anomalies in stock markets involve the issuer making the right decisions. We pay particular attention to a thorough understanding of the selection criteria used by the issuing firm in the choice of the lead manager. One of these is the reputation criteria, observed in empirical studies, mostly from across the Atlantic, which have highlighted its positive impact in mitigating stock market deviations. The approach we followed to develop this thesis led us, in the fist chapter, to justify our theoretical positioning and to develop our research framework. In the second chapter, we carried out a case study of the Electricité De France IPO, a major European issue during this last decade and undertook a qualitative approach in which we covered the economic and financial realities. Finally, the empirical verification of this issue was developed in the third chapter. We carried out a statistical study based on a sample of European IPOs in order to clarify the structure of theunderwriting syndicate and explore the relationship of this structure with the lead manager reputation.

[pt] A legalização dos procedimentos de terceirização irrestrita (Lei. 13.429/17) e da reforma trabalhista (Lei. 13.467/07) representam um contexto de crise e reorganização do direito do trabalho no Brasil. Essa dissertação tem como objetivo questionar as bases do contrato de trabalho, centralizando o corpo das pessoas que trabalham como ponto fundamental para a discussão. Tratarei de críticas ao direito do trabalho, procurando como a própria construção abstrata e universal de seus sujeitos e objeto podem ter contribuído para essa crise. Mobilizando correntes interseccionais e decoloniais, argumentarei como os sistemas de dominação do capitalismo, colonialidade, heteropatriarcado e racismo operam nas diversas discriminações no mercado de trabalho. Para isso, analisarei diretamente o texto da reforma trabalhista, mais especificamente o seu Título II-A / Do dano extrapatrimonial, que simboliza a positivação de discriminações no direito brasileiro, relacionada principalmente às reparações dos danos extrapatrimoniais, agora vinculados ao último salário da vítima. / [en] The legalization of unrestricted outsourcing procedures (Law 13.429/17) and the labor reform (Law 13467/07) represent a context of crisis and reorganization of labor law in Brazil. This dissertation aims to question the basis of the labor contract, centralizing the body of the people who work as a fundamental point for the discussion. I will deal with criticisms of labor law, looking at how the very abstract and universal construction of their subjects and objects may have contributed to this crisis. By mobilizing intersectional and decolonial currents, I will argue how the systems of domination of capitalism, coloniality, heteropatriarchy, and racism operate in the various forms of discrimination in the labor market. For this purpose, I will directly analyze the text of the labor reform, specifically its Title II-A / Dignitary Torts, which symbolizes the discrimination by positive law in Brazilian law, related mainly to reparations for dignitary torts, now linked to the last salary of the victim.

[pt] Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos das modificações legislativas nos últimos anos relacionadas ao mundo do trabalho, com destaque para as ocorrências durante o governo de Michel Temer, no período de 2016 a 2018. Observa-se a reforma trabalhista, Lei 13.467/2017, agregada à terceirização, Lei 13.429/2017 e seus impactos nas relações de trabalho no Brasil, dentro do contexto de intensificação da precarização do trabalho. Para tanto, foram analisadas as transformações recentes do trabalho na sociedade capitalista contemporânea, enfatizando a regressão de direitos em face da rotatividade no emprego, do enfraquecimento da capacidade de organização dos trabalhadores e da dificuldade no exercício dos direitos trabalhistas, problematizando a reforma trabalhista e a regulamentação da terceirização e suas consequências. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, tomando como embasamento teórico a literatura sobre direito do trabalho e sociologia do trabalho, bem como a análise documental, constitucional e infraconstitucional, principalmente no tocante à evolução jurídica e legal sobre o tema, além de dossiês e notas técnicas de institutos de pesquisa e/ou órgãos do governo. Percebe-se que a terceirização tem funcionado como um mecanismo capitalista de degradação das condições e relações de trabalho, como estímulo à ampliação de condições favoráveis apenas à classe patronal, visto que a desregulação das relações trabalhistas se traduz em dispositivos jurídicos que ampliam a flexibilização e acentuam elementos que rompem com princípios e garantias assegurados pela Constituição Federal vigente e Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT). A sucessão de acontecimentos não configurou, ainda, na própria literatura e nas experiências jurisdicionais, elementos para se asseverar expectativa de resposta à classe trabalhadora para os prejuízos advindos deste problema, que é a intensificação da precarização no mundo do trabalho, fazendo com que a insegurança jurídica seja a única certeza nessa circunstância. / [en] This dissertation aims to analyze the effects of legislative changes in recent years related to the world of work, highlighting the occurrences during the government of Michel Temer, from 2016 to 2018. It observes the labor reform (Law 13.467/2017), added to outsourcing (Law 13,429/2017) and its impacts on labor relations in Brazil, within the context of intensification of precarious work. To this end, the recent transformations of work in contemporary capitalist society were analyzed, emphasizing the regression of rights in the face of labor turnover, the weakening of workers ability to organize and the difficulty in exercising labor rights, problematizing labor reform and outsourcing regulation and its consequences. In the development of the study, we used the bibliographical research, taking as theoretical basis the literature on labor law and sociology of work, as well as documentary, constitutional and infra-constitutional analysis, especially regarding the legal and legal evolution on the subject, and also dossiers and technical notes from research institutes and/or government agencies. It is possible to say that outsourcing has functioned as a capitalist mechanism for the degradation of working conditions and relations and as a stimulus for the expansion of conditions favorable only to the employer class. The deregulation of labor relations translates into legal provisions that expand the flexibility and emphasize elements that break with principles and guarantees included by the current Federal Constitution and the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT). The succession of events has not yet constituted, in literature and jurisdictional experiences, elements to assert expectation of response to the working class to the damages arising from this problem, which is the intensification of precariousness in the world of work. Causing insecurity is the only certainty in that circumstance.

[pt] A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo central analisar a relação capital-trabalho e os efeitos das modificações legislativas trabalhistas nos últimos anos, no Brasil, sob o recorte temporal principal do período de 2016 a 2022. O estudo pautou-se em revisão bibliográfica e em pesquisa documental, onde foram observadas as reformas previdenciária e trabalhista, agregadas ao aprofundamento de práticas de terceirização, cenário em que as atuais normativas de políticas públicas trabalhistas e seus impactos nas relações de trabalho no Brasil, sobretudo em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19, favorecem as condições de reprodução e desenvolvimento do capital enquanto ampliam e aprofundam a degradação do trabalho. A análise dos dados coletados buscou demonstrar que tais mecanismos vêm funcionando como estímulo à ampliação da acumulação capitalista em condições favoráveis apenas à classe patronal levando, consequentemente, ao aumento do desmonte dos direitos do trabalho e da piora das condições de vida e de trabalho da classe trabalhadora, reforçando e garantindo, assim, a estrutural desigualdade social em que se assenta o modo de produção capitalista, em particular no mundo do trabalho. / [en] The main objective of this research is to analyze the capital-labor relationship and the effects of labor legislative changes in recent years, in Brazil, under the main timeframe of the period from 2016 to 2022. The study was based on a bibliographical review and research documentary, where social security and labor reforms were observed, combined with the deepening of outsourcing practices, a scenario in which current public labor policy regulations and their impacts on labor relations in Brazil, especially in times of the Covid-19 pandemic, favor the conditions of reproduction and development of capital while expanding and deepening the degradation of work. The analysis of the data collected sought to demonstrate that such mechanisms have been working as a stimulus to the expansion of capitalist accumulation in conditions favorable only to the employer class, consequently leading to an increase in the dismantling of labor rights and the worsening of the class s living and working conditions. worker, thus reinforcing and guaranteeing the structural social inequality on which the capitalist mode of production is based, particularly in the world of work.

The thesis The Personalities of the journalists - seniors in Prague intends to cover several subjects. It does not relate to present activities and opinions of the journalists - seniors only. In the first part the thesis focuses on description of the living standards of journalists at the times of so-called period of normalisation, when todays journalists - seniors were economically active. The main emphasis of the description is on the role of the Czechoslovak Union of Journalists. The thesis describes individual segments that union has affected its members through and where it provided benefits and support (abroad recreation, recreation, spa treatment, assistance in solving residential state, language courses). Materials from the Syndicate of Journalists Archive fund are used as the main source of knowledge. The essence of the second part of the thesis are standardized interviews with particular journalists - seniors. The evaluation of their answers complements the findings from the first part and adds some more findings from journalists everydayness in 70s and 80s and the role of the Czechoslovak Union of Journalists in relation to its members. Moreover it brings opinions of the respondents on the situation in media after year 1989 a their comparisons of the journalism in the pre-1989 era and now. Futher...