The thesis deals with life and particularly works of William Blake, one of the most prominent representatives of English poetry and art. His work stems from his dissatisfaction and resistance to religious and secular doctrines. He is known as an original poet, an engraver and a painter, a graphic artist and an illustrator, as well as a mystic and a visionary. In the midst of the birth of the modern world, during the War of Independence, the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, he considered his talent for design and his predispositions of the Old Testament prophets a direct inspiration for him and his prophetic mission. He identified with all types of oppression and enslavement of humanity and tried to gibbet them in his works. He mainly criticised repressed sexuality, which according to him leads to wars, industrialism and perverted science. The apocalyptic character of many of his works is closely related to the time in which he lived and worked. These are mainly so-called prophetic books, which he also printed, and in which he used synthesis of artistic means. Most of his life he spent in poverty and solitude, misunderstood and despised. This reassured him of his real prophetic destiny. Blake?s work became an inspiration for following generations of artists; but only the 20th century fully discovered him and understood the importance of his prophetic vision. Blake sees a redemptive power of the real art, which helps cleanse people?s inner eyes, and gives them the opportunity to be freed from enslaving forces.

Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux fut longtemps considéré comme l’initiateur de l’Europe à « l’idéal classique », le représentant de la précellence et du « génie de la langue française ». Incarnant la perfection de « l’esprit national », c’est par rapport à lui que sont jugés les auteurs des autres siècles avant qu’ils ne soient admis en tant que « classiques français ». Interroger les rouages de l’élaboration de la mythification de l’auteur de l’Art Poétique suppose l’examen des tenants et des aboutissants de la référence à Boileau. Notre propos est de mesurer l’usage qui en a été fait par l’institution scolaire et les formes éditoriales, afin de nous éclairer sur sa réception. L’analyse de cette figure emblématique du « canon classique français » montre que l’œuvre bolévienne a été investie d’une fonction fondatrice de la littérature nationale, dont elle définit les principes et l’excellence. Évaluer le rôle de ces discours dans la consécration de l’auteur et leur participation dans la diffusion de sa notoriété, permet de juger de leur impact sur la constitution d’un idéal esthétique, qui passe par la canonisation de l’œuvre bolévienne dans le but d’une édification nationale. De plus, si la légende de « Législateur » a trouvé ses assises dans des « lieux de mythification », notamment l’annotation et les discours biographique et iconographique, sa démythification s’élabore au lendemain même de la mort de l’auteur et à contre-courant de la légende elle-même. La concurrence qui s’opère entre les discours pro et anti-canonisation de Boileau permet de mesurer jusqu’à quel point la réception de l’auteur interfère dans le regard que pose le siècle des Lumières aussi bien que le XIXe siècle sur le « siècle de Louis le Grand ». / Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux was long considered as the initiator of Europe to the ‘classical ideal’, the representative of the preeminence and the ‘génie’ of the French language. As the representative of the ‘spirit of the French nation’, it is to him that authors of other centuries are compared before they are accepted as ‘French classics’. Questioning the inner workings of the mythologizing’s creation of Boileau, imply examining the ins and outs of the reference to him. Our purpose is to measure the use of the ‘French Legislator’ by school and editorial forms to enlighten us on his reception. The analysis of this emblematic figure of the ‘French classical canon’ shows that Boileau has been invested with the principles and excellence of the national literature. Our observations point out that edition as much as periodic and educational works had a major role in the consecration of the author. It is to them that we owe the author’s reputation and the creation of an aesthetic ideal of which the major purpose is nation building. Furthermore, if the ‘Legislator’s’ legend was built in Boileau’s works’ annotation and biographical and iconographic discourse, its demystification started just after the death of the author and against the legend itself. This contestation instructs us on the reception of the « Legislator of French Parnassus » as well as on how the 18e and 19e centuries perceived their predecessor.

Si « Rock » dans le monde occidental est marqué par ses traits subversifs et politiques à certaines périodes historiques spécifiques pour être ensuite entièrement récupérée par la raison marchande, son histoire a été prolongée avec son appropriation environ trente ans après en République Populaire de Chine. Ainsi, le Yaogun, dénomination commune du Rock en Chine est depuis son émergence imbriqué dans la constitution d'une « nouvelle Chine socialiste » calquée sur le modèle de « l'État-nation » : « une démarche mimétique par rapport au système occidental, un système, couplé d’idéologies, qui s’est avéré avec la première guerre mondiale non seulement politico-économique mais de plus scientifique et technologique » selon les expressions du Gregory Lee. En même temps, cette construction de « l’État-nation chinois socialiste » est depuis le début véhiculée par les mécanismes de la « mondialisation » économique, culturelle et idéologique selon une logique capitaliste. Cette thèse présente le Rock comme un acteur social qui représente et traduit la société chinoise prise dans la transition radicale et structurelle, d’une société considérée comme « ex-socialiste » vers une société de consommation et spectacle depuis les années 1980. Par ses propres transformations, ses tentatives contestataires et ses récupérations par la consommation, le Yaogun se réapproprie des schèmes, des images et des notions hérités à la fois du Mythe du Rock daté d'un demi siècle, et de « l'Occident » dont il réinterprète le sens originel. Pour ce faire, il sollicite inévitablement des éléments « propres » à la Chine - gestuel ou symbolique – qui pourrait amener à la revendication (ou non) d'une spécificité culturelle propre. Avec cette analyse, nous avons tenté d’une part de démontrer la complexité et les contradictions voilées derrière l'apparence homogène de la production de cette société du spectacle et de consommation qu’est la Chine actuelle, et d’autre part de démystifier la circulation hégémonique sur le plan des connaissances scientifiques du monde actuel. Ce travail est le fruit d’une réflexion alimentée par deux parcours parallèles et complémentaires en Études sur la Chine contemporaine et « Cultural Studies », s’inspirant des différentes approches théoriques transdiciplinaire dans les domaines des sciences sociales et humaines. Il traite la question des relations entre la musique populaire, le Rock, le pouvoir politique et économique ainsi que la vie quotidienne dans le monde chinois contemporain. Enfin ce questionnement dit « local » a par la suite suscité une réflexion critique sur la réalité dominant le monde actuel : « la mondialisation marchande ». / Born at the same time as the “30 years of China’s Reform and Opening" political discourse, Rock music in China (Yaogun) at its outset is often understood as an ideological weapon with a somewhat “revolutionary” touch to it against the Communist orthodox principles. This is mainly due to some values known as part of the Rock Myth, such as individual freedom, social equality and democracy.However, since the 1980s, there has been a significant transformation in the People's Republic of China (PRC): the shift to a free-market economy and the opening of the country to outside influence have led to the resurgence of a relevant social and cultural diversity. In the meantime, the new ideologies, technologies and mode of economy unavoidably brought about the commodification of the so-called “Chinese Culture” as part of the modern Chinese “Nation-State” construction, both at the level of the authority’s cultural policy and of the collective social imaginary, including the commodification of the so-called “Chinese Rock” or Yaogun. After one decade of development in the 1990s, generally speaking, China’s Rock or “underground” turned out to stay away from politics. It became hip, professionally organized, commercial and partly moving “overground” (not about revolution, but about everyday life). Similarly to other forms of art and cultural production in contemporary China, Rock also engaged in a complex and creative relationship with the PRC’s revolutionary heritage. From the late 1980s onwards, Yaogun has developed from being a rebelling voice in opposition to the ideology of the Chinese authorities to representing a subject of commodification by different agencies in sharing the same signs of the PRC’s revolutionary heritage. This dissertation attempts to shed some light on the complexities and contradictions involved in the tremendous social and cultural transformations of post-socialist China through the rock music scene. It brings into play the sociology of Rock music, Cultural Studies, together with the production and spreading of the culture and ideology of contemporary Chinese society.

Dispersée dans la multiplicité d'ouvrages qui se nourrissent directement de sa légende et abritent son image, Jeanne d'Arc a réussi à les dépasser tous : peu importent les recherches menées sur les détails de sa vie et qui visent à ébranler l'aspect héroïque de sa mission, sa légende continue à prendre le dessus et répand l'image de la petite fille guerrière et libératrice de la France dans le monde entier. Rarement une figure aura donné lieu à autant d'interprétations différentes, à autant de débats et de récupérations de partis opposés. Symbole de la résistance à toute invasion étrangère et de l'obéissance aux ordres divins, elle n'a cessé de se prêter à d'innombrables rôles et d'exprimer les aspirations les plus contradictoires. Au XXe siècle, l'œuvre de Charles Péguy consacrée à Jeanne d'Arc est une résurrection du personnage de la Pucelle où les données historiques sont prises comme prétexte pour doubler l'acte héroïque de Jeanne d'une portée mythique qui engage le salut de l'humanité entière. À travers le mythe de Jeanne d'Arc, Péguy s'interroge sur le sort de l'humanité, sur le sens caché de l'Incarnation et sur le mystère de la Rédemption : les images se superposent, les mots doublent de sens et derrière le spectacle de la guerre se devinent, plus horribles encore, les cris sourds des âmes damnées. Avec Péguy, Jeanne dépasse son rôle d'héroïne et de sainte au service de la France et des Français, elle cherche le salut de l'humanité à travers celui de son pays. Dès lors et à travers la conception d'une vie humaine, celle de Jeanne, Péguy nous fait assister à la constitution d'un mythe à la fois personnel et universel. / Despite the numerous books that dealt with the legend story of Joan of Arc, still she managed to overcome all the expectations. Regardless the detailed researches done to reinforce the heroic aspect of her mission, her legend continues to spread all over the world the image Joan of Arc the warrior and liberator of France. In the literature rarely a character had given rise to such so different opinions and discussions as Joan of Arc had done. A symbol of resistance against any foreign invasion and obedience to divine commands, she had continued give herself to a countless roles and to be a source of inspiration in most contradictory manner. In the twentieth century, the work of Charles Peguy is a renovation of character of Joan of Arc “The Maid of Orleans”. In his book, Peguy emphasize the heroic mythic part of Jeanne concerning the salvation of whole humanity. Throughout the legend of Joan of Arc, Peguy rise the question about the fait of humanity through the hidden sense of incarnation and the mystery of redemption : the images serve to metaphor, the wards have double meanings and behind the spectacle of war which becoming more and more horrible we can hear the cries of the cursed souls. With the writings of Peguy, Joan overcome her role as a heroine and saint to serve France and the French people, she is looking forward the salvation of the humanity throughout the salvation of her country. Hence Peguy shows us the creation of a personal and universal myth with the help of simple conception of Joan’s humane life.

Por meio deste trabalho, inserido na área de Estudos Comparados de Literaturas de Língua Portuguesa, objetivou-se estudar o modo como a Literatura para Juventude representa a passagem da adolescência para a idade adulta, tendo em vista a contribuição que os textos literários podem prestar para o processo de formação da subjetividade dos jovens, seja de modo realístico ou simbólico. Em termos de referencial teórico, trabalhou-se com o pensamento de diversos estudiosos da Psicologia do Desenvolvimento, tanto daqueles cujos trabalhos ativeram-se à investigação do ego, quanto dos que foram além e professaram teorias a respeito do self e do processo de individuação. No sentido de demonstrar a validade do mito do herói como estrutura narrativa simbólica do adultescer, empreendeu-se estudo comparativo de O relógio do mundo, do autor brasileiro Lino de Albergaria, com Aventuras de João Sem Medo: panfleto mágico em forma de romance, de José Gomes Ferreira, obra clássica da Literatura Portuguesa. Por meio da análise dos textos, construídos com base nas invariantes do conto maravilhoso, procurou-se demonstrar que, do ponto de vista da natureza psíquica, a conquista da maturidade é processo universal e atemporal, porém, o modo desta expressar-se no mundo está diretamente ligado com a cultura de cada lugar e época. / Placed within the field of Comparative Studies on Literature Written in Portuguese, this work has studied how youth literature can represent the passage from adolescence to adulthood, considering the contribution that literary texts may give to the formative process of a youths subjectivity, be it through realism or symbolism. Regarding its theoretical background, the research relies on the ideas of several authors from the field of Developmental Psychology, both those whose works concentrated on investigating the ego, and those who took a further step towards theorizing on the self and the individuation process. For the purpose of demonstrating how the myth of the hero serves as narrative structure to the process of adulting, a comparative study has been undertaken between O relógio do mundo, by the Brazilian author Lino de Albergaria, and Aventuras de João Sem Medo: panfleto mágico em forma de romance, a classic work from Portuguese literature by José Gomes Ferreira. Such works, built upon invariable elements of the marvelous structure, reveal that reaching maturity, in terms of its psychic nature, is a universal and timeless process, nonetheless, the way it is expressed in the world is directly connected to the culture of each specific time and place.

Estudo da Música popular Gaúcha como fenômeno característico da década de 1980. Inclui a análise do corpus da MPG mediante a seleção de trinta letras representativas. Abordagem do Tradicionalismo e Nativismo com vistas à verificação da presença do gaúcho idealizado nas letras da música popular. A realidade social é vista como uma construção imaginária em que as ações significativas dos atores sociais, como a linguagem e o discurso, caracterizam suas constituintes. / Study of the Folkloristic Gaucha Music as a characteristic event in the 80 s. It includes a study of FGM s structure by selecting thirty representative lyrics. Approaching of the cultural and native traditions, searching to find the gaucho characteristics idealized in the folkloristic music s lyrics. Social reality faced as na imaginary construction in which the significative actions of the social actors, such as language and speech, characterize its components.

É possível um diálogo com mitos em um texto teatral que, por suas características intrínsecas, estimule uma certa cena contemporânea e brasileira? Como escrever um texto que provoque uma relação de parceria com a encenação, fomentando operações poéticas em artistas e no público? A presente pesquisa partiu destas questões principais para a criação e sistematização de caminhos no âmbito do experimento Frida Kahlo- Calor e Frio, da Estelar de Teatro, uma companhia em que sou dramaturga e atriz e que desde 2006, se dedica à investigação teatral e à gestação de nova dramaturgia e peças. A atitude política antropofágica fundamenta a produção - nas interfaces artística e acadêmica - deste trabalho. Para a coleta de dados, além do uso de referências bibliográficas, a investigação identificou e sistematizou experiências da cena que marcaram uma atriz-dramaturga. Em especial, os legados de contatos sistemáticos com o diretor pedagogo Jurij Alchitz, desde 2011. A criação do texto é parte de seus objetivos, apresentado em fragmentos e analisado, muitas vezes a partir de suas relações com a cena. O material artístico fruto deste trabalho teve diversas experiências de encontro com o público, no palco e na rua, no Brasil e em outros países, refletidas nesta investigação. A título de conclusões, a pesquisa revela atitudes dramatúrgicas que favoreceram o diálogo com as questões inicialmente propostas: uma abordagem do mito como constelação de imagens em torno de um núcleo temático e a interrelação mito e poesia; bem como a tessitura de uma dramaturgia híbrida a partir do trânsito entre linguagens diversas e o texto teatral como material de jogo. As experimentações variadas, a partir das provocações deste tipo de texto, possibilitaram as ocorrências da performatividade da palavra e de uma autora performer. Os caminhos apontados pela investigação podem contribuir no trabalho de pesquisa e na prática de autores e também atores, diretores, performers e pedagogos teatrais. / Is it possible a dialogue with myths in a theatrical text that, by its intrinsic characteristics, encourage a certain contemporary and Brazilian scene? How to write a text that provokes a partnership with the staging, promoting poetic operations in artists and in public? This research takes as starting points these major issues to stimulate and systematize the experiment Frida Kahlo- Calor e Frio, from Estelar de Teatro, a company in which I am a playwright and actress. The company has been dedicated since 2006 to the research and creation of play and the new texts. The cannibalistic political attitude bases the production - in artistic and academic interfaces - of this research. In addition to bibliographic search, for the data collecting, the research has identified and systematized experiences in the field of scene that marked an actress-playwright. In particular, the legacy of systematic contact with the pedagogue and theatre director Jurij Alchitz, since 2011. The creation of a text is part of its goals and the text is analyzed, as well as some relationships with the scene and the public, on stage and on the street, in Brazil and other countries. As conclusions, the research reveals dramaturgical attitudes that favored a dialogue with the survey questions: the mythical approach, as a constellation of images around a thematic core, and \"myth\" in its interrelationship with \"poetry\"; the creation of a hybrid structure of text from the traffic between different languages and the text in the perspective of a material of game. The variety of experiences with this text led to the occurrence of performativity of the word and the idea of an author performer. The indicated paths of the investigation can contribute to the search work and the practice of authors as well as actors, directors, performers and educators in theatre.

A presente tese busca compreender o processo de Comunicação das características da cultura norte-americana a partir da leitura e interpretação de textos midiáticos fílmicos de diferentes épocas. O apoio teórico parte da noção de memória textual e código-texto segundo estudos de Iuri Lotman, um dos pesquisadores da Semiótica da Cultura. Nessa perspectiva, as produções do cinema são consideradas como um sistema de signos inseridos na semiosfera correspondente. A descrição do sistema da cultura norte-americana é feita pela identificação de suas narrativas míticas fundacionais, de origem judaico-cristã, latina e egípcia. Os mitos são estudados como elementos encadeadores dos textos da cultura considerados relevantes para esta pesquisa, desde o Descobrimento (século 16) até o período da independência norte-americana (século 18). Uma vez descrito o sistema da cultura norte-americana, por meio da memória textual, procede-se à leitura de dois textos cinematográficos nos quais se verificam configurações desses elementos mitológicos. A tese comprova seu objetivo de demonstrar como o mito da nova ordem repercute em textos do cinema norte-americano do final do século XX, e como esse mito é reiterado na atualidade reforçando o papel preponderante da América como nação renovadora do mundo. / This thesis seeks to understand the process of communication of north-American cultures features from the reading and interpretation of filmic media texts of different periods. The theoretical support starts from the notion of \"textual memory\" and \"code-text\" according to studies of Iuri Lotman, a researcher of Culture Semiotics. From this perspective, the productions of cinema are considered as a system of signs inserted in corresponding semiosphere. The description of the system of north-American culture is made by identification of its founding myths of Judeo-Christian, Latin, and Egyptian origin. The myths are studied as linker elements of culture texts considered relevant to this research, since the \"Discovery\" (16th century) until the period of American independence (18th century). Once described the system of American culture, through the textual memory, it proceeds to read two film texts in which there are settings of these mythological elements. The thesis proves his goal to showing how the new order myth reflects in texts of north-American cinema of the late twentieth century, and how this myth is repeated in the present strengthening the role of America as a nation renewing of world.

Tratamos aqui de um estudo preliminar acerca das gravuras rupestres (petróglifos) situadas no baixo rio Negro, entre os municípios de Novo Airão e Barcelos, Estado do Amazonas. Nesta área foram foto-documentados e geo-referenciados, até o presente, 20 sítios rupestres ribeirinhos, a céu aberto, parcialmente submersos, em afloramentos rochosos areníticos e graníticos contendo gravuras de origem indígena pré-colonial. Estes sítios não apresentam depósitos arqueológicos e, portanto, não podem ser escavados nem inequivocamente associados aos sítios cerâmicos adjacentes na área (o que pecisa ser testado, todavia). Desta maneira, se configuram em variáveis quase isoladas, sem relações diretas com o restante do registro arqueológico regional nem datações de nenhum tipo. Cronologias internas e pontuais de alguns painéis podem, no entanto, ser identificadas sugerindo reuso e reavivamento diacrônico das gravuras. A área amostral apresenta variabilidade geológica (contato do escudo cristalino com bacia sedimentar) e variabilidade hidrográfica (confluência dos rios Negro/Branco/Jauaperi/Unini/Jaú). Propomos que essas características geoambientais podem estar contribuindo para a variabilidade no fenômeno gráfico-rupestre que estamos detectando na área, o que pode indicar diferenças crono-culturais na autoria desses petróglifos. De fato, o conhecimento acerca da conjuntura geológica da área levou-nos à proposição da variabilidade estilística como hipótese preliminar, o que foi confirmado no primeiro contato com essas gravuras e se constitui, portanto, em nosso primeiro resultado de pesquisa concreto, a identificação da variabilidade gráfico-rupestre na área, um quadro marcadamente heterogêneo. Dentre as abordagens teóricas correntes na arqueologia escolhemos utilizar duas delas em conjunto reflexivo. A primeira delas , na primeira parte do texto, se refere ao método formal de estudo de arte rupestre, a partir do qual podemos entender as gravuras rupestres (e pinturas) como sistemas pré-históricos de comunicação visual que funcionariam como linguagens gráfico-simbólicas das comunidades autoras. Nessa perspectiva, seriam passíveis de estudo enquanto uma variável, ou resultante, do comportamento humano no passado inseridas no registro arqueológico, portando características formalmente identificáveis e mensuráveis, estruturadas em perfis gráficos (perfis estilísticos) que, hipotética e simplificadamente, indicariam os perfis sociais dos autores rupestres. Utilizamos aportes da semiótica e da antropologia visual, entre outros, para análise de códigos simbólicos onde se evita a interpretação de significados, apoiando-se exclusivamente na análise formal do significante gráfico baseada nos aspectos materiais, ou seja, aspectos técnicos, morfo-temáticos, cenográficos, tafonômicos e geo-ambientais do grafismo rupestre. A segunda abordagem se traduz por uma tentativa de interpretação de um dos fenômenos gráficos identificados na área, através de associação a um complexo mitoritualístico característico do Alto Rio Negro, denominado genericamente de Jurupari. São identificadas correspondências entre a iconografia deste corpus gráfico e as representações públicas etnografadas relacionadas ao processo ritual e às narrativas míto-cosmológicas respectivas do complexo do Jurupari. Trata-se, pois, de um experimento com o método informado de estudo, em que um conjunto de discursos ameríndios é utilizado na classificação rupestre, neste caso, através, ainda que criticamente, de analogia etnográfica indireta. Se o processo de identificação das formas, desambiguação formal, e classificação (ordenamento de padrões gráfico-espaciais) das diferenças observadas entre formas se convertem na espinha dorsal da pesquisa; a segunda parte se converte numa tentativa de olhar as gravuras pela percepção ameríndia, ainda que indiretamente através de meta-representações etnográficas e testar, em caráter interpretativo, uma correspondência entre fração das gravuras encontradas e mitos e ritos ameríndios, com vistas para além dos modelos formais estilísticos não-indígenas. / This research presents a preliminary study about the petroglyphs from a sample area between Old Ayrão village and Branco river\'s mouth, at the lower Negro river basin, Western Brazilian Amazon. They comprise a corpus of open air and underwater Rock Art sites, fifteen (15) up until now, located on sandstone and granite riverine boulders and outcrops. Given the absence of archaeological stratified deposits, these sites can neither be excavated nor unequivocally related to adjacent ceramic sites in the survey area (which remains a possibility to be tested). Thus, they are bound in contextual isolation, lacking spatial as well as chronological control, remaining as outsiders of the archaeological record. The area presents geological variability (contact between crystalline Guiana shield and Amazon sedimentary basin) as well as hydrographical variability (confluence among Negro, Branco, Jauaperi, Unini and Jaú rivers). We propose that this environmental set contributes to the graphical variability we are detecting inside the rock art corpus (suggesting discrete corpora), which indicates possible chronological and cultural distinctions in the prehistoric authorship of these petroglyphs. Indeed, the preliminary knowledge of the actual geological context of the survey area, as well as its major fluvial confluence, has led us to first postulate the hypothesis of stylistic variability which was confirmed in the first contact with these petroglyphs. This, in fact, constitutes the first concrete result of our research, the identification of a multi-stylistic rock art zone in the Negro\'s basin, which we think is deeply related to the environmental set of the survey area, which in its turn was partially responsible for the establishment of different cultural groups, and the development of different cultural ways of representing the cognizable world (visible and invisible) into discrete strategies of visual thinking on the basin along the Holocene. Among the current approaches to rock art study we have chosen to apply two different but complementary general methods, Formal and Informed, as a dialectical reflexive conjunct. The first part of the text is committed to the formal method. Under this token, we are considering the petroglyphs (and pictographs) like prehistoric systems of visual thinking and communication, quasi-linguistically organized graphic-symbolic codes, of the authors\' communities. Focus on rock art under this scope (as a variable, or resultant, of human past behavior, culturally organized, inserted in the environment - archaeological record) is a profitable strategy in order to identify and measure formal material characteristics of rock art assemblages, which, we believe, can lead to the identification of discrete sets of structured graphical patterns that, hypothetically and simplistically, could be related to the socialcognitive profiles of those communities. So, we are applying a set of theoretical constructs, basically derived from semiotics, visual anthropology and cognitive archaeology, to the analysis of visual symbolic codes, holding our attention on the graphic signifier (the material object) and avoiding the interpretation of specific meanings over the form (guessing signified concepts deriving from iconic resemblances between forms and \"real things\" in the non- Indian archaeologist\'s cosmology). By material signifier in rock art we comprehend those material aspects such like technique, morphology, thematic, syntactical combinations and compositions, taphonomy and other geo-environmental variables. The second approach, informed method, is devoted here to a tentative interpretation of one of the stylistic profiles identified; comparing some of its distinctive iconic patterns to the Upper Negro River Myth- Ritual Complex of Jurupari, devised as a multi-ethnic religious complex that hypothetically pervaded the entire basin during pre-colonial times. We are suggesting by the present evidence that these cultural manifestations (Jurupari and this specific rock art corpus), separated in time-space, could be related to a same system of expressive, ideological and cognitive phenomena in the past, with a specific locational insertion in the surveyed area. So, if identifying forms (formal disambiguation), and classification (ordering of graphic-spatial patterns) of observed differences among forms are converted into the spinal cord of this research, the second part is, nevertheless, equally important in the way it provides a rudimentary tentative of looking to rock art through Amerindian eyes and test the potential of ethnographic meta-representations to illuminate archaeological reasoning about rock art phenomena in the Negro\'s basin. That is, an interpretive approach targeting some sort of explanation beyond the non-indigenous formal stylistic constructs (but, what remains to be tested in the area is the rock art analysis directly through Amerindian prefrontal cortex, a kind of neural-cognitive otherness experiential approach, which would imply, for future experiments, in direct participative observations, possibly involving an Indian specialist and archaeologist\'s Caapi - B. caapi - consumption for perceptual and ontological purification and subsequent observation of petroglyphs and dialogue among them and the rocks).

Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa para minimizar o poder de alguns mitos existentes na escola, entre eles: \"ensinar língua portuguesa equivale a ensinar gramática\", que pressupõem uma série de atividades voltadas para um \"aluno ideal\". Nesse sentido, investigar-se-á, por meio da análise do discurso, as representações sobre norma gramatical que povoam o imaginário dos alunos do ensino médio e a auto-avaliação desses alunos sobre suas produções escritas. Tais propósitos são decorrentes de resultados de avaliações nacionais e internacionais (PISA, 2000, 2003) em que foram constatados sérios problemas relacionados à proficiência em leitura e escrita de alunos após 8 anos de escolarização no ensino fundamental. Visando contribuir para tornar o ensino de língua materna voltado para o \"aluno real\", foram confrontados diferentes pontos de vista sobre a TV para buscar subsídios ao possível uso da TV na escola. Vale ressaltar que a discussão sobre os mitos foi necessária para abrir espaço a outras práticas educacionais. Tendo em vista que a linguagem televisual apropria-se do contexto sócio-cultural em que está inserida e que é um \"mostruário de pluralidade lingüística\", poderá ser um recurso tecnológico significativo para o desenvolvimento de habilidades de oralidade, leitura e escrita no ensino fundamental. O quadro teórico congrega pesquisadores voltados ao imaginário (Carvalho et alii, 1998; Porto e Fonseca, 1998; Teixeira, 2005), à linguagem televisual (Fishe, 1987; Rocco, 1988; Machado, 1997;Citelli, 2002) e ao ensino e aprendizagem de língua materna (Neves, 1990; Preti, 1995; Semeghini-Siqueira, 1997; Castilho, 1998; Bagno, 2000; Marcuschi, 2001; Perini, 2001). Como proposta metodológica, foram elaborados 3 instrumentos, contendo questões abertas e fechadas, e selecionados 4 grupos de sujeitos a fim de recobrir as diversas vertentes do assunto em questão. O grupo denominado sujeito [ I ] é constituído por telespectadores comuns; o sujeito [ II ], por universitários; o sujeito [ III ], por professores de língua materna e o sujeito [ IV ] são alunos do ensino médio de uma escola pública da cidade de São Paulo. Para atingir os objetivos foram investigadas formas de se trabalhar a linguagem televisual, na sala de aula, e apresentadas duas atividades articuladas para viabilizar o ensino e aprendizagem de oralidade, leitura e escrita. Tal proposta pedagógica é direcionada ao \"aluno real\" e prioriza o ensino do uso da língua portuguesa na diversidade das práticas sociais. / This is a exploratory study of quality and quantity nature to minimize the power of some existing myths in the school, that is: \"To teach Portuguese as a teach grammar\", that presuppose series of activities related to \"a model student\". In this sense, it will research through speech analysis, the representation about grammatical rules that is in imaginary of students of High School and self-evaluation of these students about writing productions. These purposes are current results from national and international evaluations (PISA, 2000, 2003) which were verified serious problems related to acknowledge in reading and writing of students after 8 years of scholarship in Elementary School. Contributing to become the education of native language for \"real student\" were analyzed different point of view about TV to search assistance for possible use of TV in the School. Projecting the discussions about myths were necessary to give opportunity to other educational practices. Notice that the televisual language domain the socio cultural context that is added and that is a \"table of plurality of linguistic\", it can be a significative technological resource for development of orally, reading and writing abilities of Elementary School. The exposition connect researches to imaginary (Carvalho et alii, 1998; Porto e Fonseca, 1998; Teixeira, 2005), to televisual language (Fishe, 1987; Rocco, 1988; Machado, 1997;Citelli, 2002) and for teaching and learning the native language (Neves, 1990; Preti, 1995; Semeghini-Siqueira, 1997; Castilho, 1998; Bagno, 2000; Marcuschi, 2001; Perini, 2001). As a methodological purpose, was elaborated 3 tools, containing open and restrict questions and selected 4 groups of subject for covering the different areas of related matter. The group calling subject [ I ] is formed by watchers; the subject [ II ], by academics; the subject [ III ], by teachers of native language and the subject [ IV ] by students of High School of Public School in city of Sao Paulo. For targeting the objectives were researched ways of work televisual language in the classroom, presented in two linked activities for viability the teaching and learning of orally, reading and writing. Those pedagogic propose is focused on \"real student\" and preference for teaching of Portuguese language use in different social practices.