Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:46:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jeanny Meiry Sombra Silva.pdf: 2000384 bytes, checksum: 1cc12744f5f132b5be473a188dbbdd4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The complexity of discourse in education brings the possibility to analysis under a few perspectives. At this work, is presented an approach based on the development of the studies of discourse and rhetoric; it is an approach that analyses the potentiality of the teacher s discourse as an instrument to change conflict situations in classrooms. More specifically, from the senses constructed in some situations of verbal interaction with students. The interactional approach in classrooms allows to observe the senses constructed, through the language, of the manners of saying and the conditions of production of discourse that influence the actions of the interlocutors. The interactivity supposes that everyone in school scene have qualities noticed by others, in a way that how teachers build their professional identity, since the methods and practicals adopted or by the words used until the way of expression, everything have an influence in your spectators (students). Teacher s style has to do with his behaviour, his ethos. At this research, is noticed that ethos is a behaviour that articulates verbal and nonverbal, causing at its recipients multisensories effects. The Discourse Analysis indicates concrete ways to an analysis of the elements and conditions of enunciation. It is necessary to observe that it is not the application of Discourse Analysis to an object of pedagogic reflexion, but, from the reflexion about theoric and methodologic principles of Discourse Analysis to think the pedagogical relations. / A complexidade do discurso em sala de aula o torna possível de análise sob diversas perspectivas. Neste trabalho, se apresenta uma abordagem que se baseia no desenvolvimento dos estudos do discurso e da retórica; é uma abordagem que analisa a potencialidade do discurso do professor como instrumento modificador das situações de conflito em sala de aula. Mais especificamente, a partir dos sentidos construídos em determinadas situações de interação verbal com alunos. A abordagem interacional em sala de aula permite observar que os sentidos constituídos, por meio da linguagem, dos modos de dizer e das condições de produção dos discursos influenciam as ações dos interlocutores. A interatividade supõe que todos no cenário escolar têm características que são percebidas pelos outros, de modo que a forma como cada professor constrói a sua identidade profissional, tanto pela adoção de métodos e práticas, quanto por suas palavras , sua maneira de se expressar, tudo isso exerce grande influência em seu auditório (seus alunos). O estilo do professor tem a ver com seu comportamento, seu ethos. Nesta pesquisa, mostra-se que o ethos, por natureza, é um comportamento que, como tal, articula verbal e não verbal, provocando nos destinatários efeitos multisensoriais. A Análise do Discurso, indica pistas concretas para uma análise dos elementos e das condições da enunciação. É necessário observar, contudo, que não se trata da aplicação da Análise do Discurso (AD) como tal, a um objeto de reflexão pedagógica, mas de, a partir da reflexão sobre princípios teóricos e metodológicos da AD, pensar as relações pedagógicas.

M.Ed. / The literature study cleary revealed that the continuous interaction of human beings with their environment is beneficial both to the environment and to human beings, but with a price attached which has to be paid by the environment. The price paid is evident in the environmental problems with which the world is currently faced. The environmental crisis is characterised by an increase in the human population which is threatening the earth at an alarming rate and which leads in turn to soil erosion, air and water pollution and the application of destructive pressure on resources. The habitats of natural life forms are currently in the process of disappearing and certain species have already become extinct (Smith, Carlson, Masters & Donaldson, s.a.:3). UNESCO-UNEP (1988:25/30/31) corroborated the above by indicating that the primary problem involved in respect of all environmental problems is the population explosion, which places more pressure on resources (plants, animals, energy, water, soil and air). The interaction of human beings with nature has, in fact, entailed certain advantages for nature, but at the same time has also created new problems which have plunged the environment into a crisis. There is ample proof to be found in literature that an environmental crisis has been identified and that possible solutions to the problem have been found. The call to action culminated in 1972 in the Stockholm Conference, which was attended by world government structures. The outcome of this was the Belgrade Charter of 1975. Subsequently, the awakening of environmental awareness reached a catalytic phase in 1977 with the Tbilisie Conference which laid the foundation for the establishment fo principles, objectives and aims for Environmental Education. The central role which should be played by the educationist in this connection, is clearly outlined: Agenda 21 (Chapter 36): "...education is critical for the promotion of sustained development" (EEP1, 1995b:12). In every respect, South Africa forms part of this international environmental issue. The fact that this is, in fact, generally realised is evident in the White Paper on Environmental Education of 1989, which was a result of the meeting on Environmental Education at Treverton College, Mooi River. The term Environmental Education is now recognised as a full-fledged concept in its own right in formal education (White Paper on Education and Training (1995:20); the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) document (1994); the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) document (1994:6); and the Committee on teacher eduction policy [norms and standards for teacher education] (Cotep) document (1995:41)), as quoted by Joubert & S teen kamp (1995:26/27). In this way, the problem of the community has also become the problem of the school curricula. It should therefore be accepted that schools should accord a high priority to environmentally-related problems in the community. The central role played by the teacher in environmental awareness is corroborated by various documents and writers. Two quotations will suffice in this connection: The Brutland report of 1987 states the problem as follows: '... the world's teachers ... have a crucial role to play in helping to bring about the extensive social changes needed for sustainable development" (EEPI, 1995b:12). Knapp (1975:209), as quoted by Raath (1994:4) states in this connection: Teachers and students alike can teach a lot about care and respect for the environment. They can also teach disregard and destruction of the earth": In this study, the status of the knowledge of aspirant teachers was revealed in respect of six environmental issues, namely, overpopulation, air pollution, water, soil, and plant and animal species. The relationship between factors such as external responsibility, restriction on individuals and responsibility for environmental education were also investigated. The respondents were comprised of aspirant teachers (final-year student teachers) of three South African Universities, namely the Rand Afrikaans University, the University of the Orange Free State and Vista (Free State) in the following study fields: Languages, Mathematics, Humanities, Economics and Physical Sciences, as well as other fields.

Dagens moderna samhälle är uppbyggt av olika sannolikhetsmodeller. Det kan innefatta allt från väderprognoser och försäkringar till att förutspå sannolikhetsmått i spel och lekar där slumpen gör sig påmind. Lärarstudenter möter sannolikhets- och slumpbegrepp i de matematikkurser som en lärarutbildning erbjuder, i syfte att utveckla specifika ämneskunskaper och pedagogiska färdigheter. Betydelsen av att framtida lärare erhåller kunskaper i sannolikhetslära blir tydlig då TIMSS (Sollerman & Nydahl, 2020) senaste rapport visar att statistik och sannolikhet är ett område där yngre elevers resultat försämras för varje fyraårsperiod som undersökningen genomförs. Eftersom sannolikhetslära utgör grunden för statistiska antaganden är området viktigt, både i vardagen och i undervisning då grundläggande kunskaper och uppfattningar erhålls. Detta ställer i sin tur krav på att lärarstudenter i sin framtida yrkesroll har kunskap om kända missuppfattningar och intuitiva antaganden. Studien utgår från Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching som är ett ramverk för lärarkunskap och syftar till betydelsen av lärares matematiska och pedagogiska kunskaper. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka lärarstudenters kunskaper och uppfattningar för slumpmässiga händelser i det matematiska området sannolikhetslära. Detta görs genom kvantitativ datainsamlingsmetod i form av en digital enkät av varierande frågor. 55 lärarstudenter svarade på enkäten som analyserades kvantitativt och kvalitativt. Studien delade in deltagarna i två grupper. Första och sista halvan av utbildningen för att undersöka skillnader. Följande frågeställningar ligger till grund för att uppfylla studiens syfte: Vilka svårigheter och missuppfattningar uppmärksammas av lärarstudenter? Hur resonerar lärarstudenter kring specifika områden inom sannolikhetslära? Hur påverkar en lärarutbildning över tid, lärarstudenters förmåga att resonera matematiskt eller intuitivt? Resultatet visar att relativa frekvensen, representativitet och sammansatt slumpmässig händelse är problematiska områden. Intuitiva antaganden resulterar i problematiska resonemang och lärarstudenters personliga känsla för slump uppmärksammas. Vidare syns skillnader mellan grupperna och gruppen med lärarstudenter som går sista halvan av utbildningen uppvisar ett bättre resultat. / Today´s modern society consists of different probability models. It can include everything from weather forecasts and insurance to predicting probability measures in games where chance is reminded. Teacher-students encounter concepts of probability and chance through their basic teacher education, which is part of mathematics teaching. The importance of gaining specific knowledge in probability theory becomes clear when TIMSS (Sollerman & Nydahl, 2020) latest report shows that statistics and probability is an area where younger students results drops for each four-year period that the survey is conducted. Because probability theory is the basis for statistical assumptions, the area is important, both in everyday life and in teaching when basic knowledge and perceptions are held. This in turn requires that teachers-students in their future professional role have knowledge of known misconceptions and intuitive assumptions. The study is based on Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching, which is a framework for teacher knowledge and aims at the importance of teachers mathematical and pedagogical knowledge. This study aims to examine teacher-students knowledge and perceptions of random events in the mathematical area of probability theory. This is done through a quantitative data collection method in the form of a digital survey of varying questions. 55 teacher-students responded to the questionnaire, which was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The study divided the participants into two groups. First and last half of the education to study differences. The following questions form the basis for fulfilling the aim of the study: What difficulties and misconceptions are noticed by teacher-students? How do teachers-students reason about a specific area i probability theory? How does a teacher education over time affect teacher-students ability to reason mathematically or intuitively? The result shows that relative frequency, representativeness and compound random events are problematic areas. Intuitive assumptions result in problematic reasoning and the teacher-students personal sense of probability is noticed. Furthermore, differences of teacher-students who attend the last half of the education show a better result.

According to research and authorities both young people and musicians are in need of hearing health knowledge in order to protect their own hearing. The purpose of this study was to investigate music teacher trainees’ experiences and thoughts concerning hearing health education at their music teacher programmes and internships. A sociocultural framework was used in this study. Semi-structured interviews were utilised to collect viewpoints and experiences from participants. The study involved 4 music teacher trainees, from three different music teacher training programmes. Two students were from the same music teacher programme. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. A sociocultural perspective was also used when analysing the data. The results indicate that music teacher students are not examined in hearing conservation. They do not seem to receive formative assessment in hearing conservation or hearing loss prevention. The staff is not necessarily knowledgeable in hearing conservation, even though they educate future music teachers. The staff does not seem to teach hearing conservation. Some supervisors at the internships were knowledgeable in hearing conservation and appeared to help their younger students understand risks. Other supervisors were not as knowledgeable and could be perceived as relatively passive when their students found themselves in risky sound environments without hearing protection. Social interactions which focused on hearing conservation or hearing loss prevention seemed to be quite absent at higher education and internships in Sweden. In conclusion, according to research and authorities, both youth and musicians are at risk and lack understanding of the risks in their sound environments. Music teachers are expected to teach hearing care according to the curriculum in Sweden, but many music teacher students do not feel well equipped to teach hearing care. It is important to have knowledgeable music teachers who can teach hearing care, as today's youth need this knowledge. The results and conclusions of this study suggest that society needs to equip music teachers at various levels of education with knowledge of hearing care. Several music education students in this study also expressed a desire for more hours of hearing care education at their music teacher programmes. These groups, music teachers and future music teachers, need knowledge of hearing care and hearing loss prevention to create cultures that emphasize hearing care and hearing health.

Detta självständiga arbete handlar om idén om den kulturkanon som ska införas enligt Tidöavtalet som publicerades 2022. Syftet är att belysa hur musiklärarstudenter reflekterar kring en kulturkanon och vilka implikationer den potentiellt skulle ha för musikundervisning utifrån forskningsfrågan; Vad karaktäriserar musiklärarstudenters utsagor om en potentiell kulturkanon och dess implikationer för deras framtida musikundervisning? För att besvara forskningsfrågan har sex musiklärarstudenter, från de senare årskurserna under höstterminen 2023 på Kungl. Musikhögskolan, intervjuats och deras utsagor har analyserats utifrån en kulturhistorisk teori. Resultatet visar på att det existerar en typ av outtalad kanon redan idag samt att innehåll från den används för att mediera förståelse för andra människor baserad på kollektiv kunskap. Resultaten visar även på att det existerar mindre kollektiv samt att ett sådant kan vara en outtalad kanon inom en uttalad kanon. Resultatet visar att informanterna anser det viktigt gällande representation i utförandet och innehållet av en uttalad kanon och vidare att en uttalad kanon kan användas för att styra historia och kollektiv kunskap. Avslutningsvis visar resultatet att en uttalad kanon kan verka hämmande för en musiklärare, men att den kan leda till aktiviteter för kreativitet och fantasi genom en gemensam förståelse av kollektiv kunskap. / This study is about the idea of ​​the cultural canon that’s going to be introduced according to the Tidö-agreement that was published in 2022. The aim is to highlight how music teacher students reflect on a cultural canon and what implications it would potentially have for music education while answering the research question: What characterizes music teacher students' statements about a potential cultural canon and its implications for their future music teaching? To answer the research question, six music teacher students, studying their later years during the autumn semester of 2023, were interviewed and their statements were analyzed from a cultural-historical perspective. The results show that a type of unexpressed canon already exists today and that content from it is used to mediate understanding for other people based on collective knowledge. The result also show that there are smaller collectives and that such can be an unexpressed canon within an expressed canon. The result show that the informants consider representation important in the execution and content of an expressed canon and further that an expressed canon can be used to control history and collective knowledge. In conclusion, the result show that an expressed canon can be inhibiting for a music teacher, but that it can lead to activities for creativity and imagination through a common understanding of collective knowledge.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:06:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 leodecioMV_DISSERT.pdf: 1344757 bytes, checksum: 467e2bc354c5aa9b1ee0a1fae078b6ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-06 / Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Norte / This dissertation aims at characterizing the practices as well as the effects of a teacher s feedback in oral conversation interaction with students in an English Language classroom at a Primary School, 6th Grade in A?u/RN, Brazil. Therefore, this study is based on Vygotsky s (1975) and Bruner?s (1976) researches, which state that the learning process is constructed through interaction between a more experienced individual (teacher, parents and friends) and a learner who plays an active role, a re-constructor of knowledge. It is also based on Ur?s (2006) and Brookhart s (2008) studies (among other authors in Applied Linguistic) who defend that the feedback process needs to be evaluative and formative since it sets interfaces with both students autonomy and learning improvement. Our study is based on qualitative, quantitative and interpretive researches, whose natural environment (the classroom) is a direct source of data generated in this research through field observations/note-taking as well as through the transcriptions of five English classes audio taped. This study shows the following results: the teacher still seems to accept the patterns of interaction in the classroom that correspond to the IRE process (Initiation, Response, Evaluation) in behaviorist patterns: (1) he speaks and determines the turns of speech; (2) the teacher asks more questions and directs the activities most of the time; (3) the teacher?s feedback presents the following types: questioning, modeling, repeated response, praise, depreciation, positive/negative and sarcasm feedback, whose functions are to assess students' performance based on the rightness and wrongness of their responses. Thus, this implies to state that the feedback does not seem to help students improvement in terms of acquiring knowledge because of its normative effects/roles. Therefore, it is the teacher?s role to give evaluative and formative feedback to a student so that he/she should advance in the learning of the language and in the construction of knowledge / O presente trabalho caracteriza as pr?ticas e os efeitos do feedback de um professor na intera??o oral com os seus alunos em sala de aula de L?ngua Inglesa em uma escola de Ensino Fundamental II, 6? Ano, em A?u/RN, Brasil. Para tanto, tomamos como base as pesquisas de Vygotsky (1975) e Bruner (1976), os quais afirmam que a aprendizagem ? constru?da por meio da intera??o entre um parceiro mais experiente (professor, pais, amigos) e o aluno, o qual exerce papel ativo reconstrutor do conhecimento, bem como os estudos de Ur (2006) e Brookhart (2008), entre outros pesquisadores em Lingu?stica Aplicada que defendem que o feedback precisa ser de tipo avaliativo formativo, uma vez que estabelece interfaces com a autonomia e o avan?o da aprendizagem do aluno. Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e de base interpretativista, cuja relev?ncia reside no fato de que o ambiente natural (sala de aula) ? fonte direta dos dados gerados neste estudo por meio de observa??es/anota??es de campo e de transcri??es de cinco aulas de Ingl?s gravadas em ?udio. Os resultados do estudo apontam para as seguintes constata??es: o professor parece ainda seguir padr?es de intera??o de sala de aula que atendem ao processo IRA (Inicia??o, Resposta e Avalia??o) nos moldes behavioristas: (1) ele fala mais e determina os turnos de fala; (2) o professor faz mais perguntas, bem como dirige as atividades na maior parte do tempo; (3) o feedback do professor apresenta os tipos: feedback pergunta, feedback modelo, feedback resposta repetida, feedback elogio, feedback deprecia??o, feedback avalia??o positiva/negativa e feedback sarcasmo, cujas fun??es parecem ser avaliar o desempenho dos alunos com base em acertos e erros . Isso implica dizer que o feedback, dessa forma, pode n?o ajudar o aluno a avan?ar na aquisi??o do conhecimento pelo seu valor avaliativo normativo. Assim sendo, cabe ao professor fornecer feedback avaliativo formativo ao estudante no sentido de que ele possa avan?ar na aprendizagem da linguagem e na constru??o do conhecimento

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka lärares och lärarstudenters syn på kamratbedömning för textarbeten i årskurs 4–6 samt att se vilka kamratbedömningsmetoder de anser gynnsamma för elevernas textarbeten. Detta är en kvalitativ studie som genomförs via semistrukturerade intervjuer. Både lärare och lärarstudenter intervjuas för att visa likheter och skillnader på både individ- och gruppnivå. Intervjuerna transkriberas och svaren bearbetas utefter en tematisk analys.  Resultaten visar att både lärarna och lärarstudenterna har en övervägande positiv syn på kamratbedömning för textarbeten i årskurs 4–6, men att lärarna kan se fler fördelar och förespråkar metoden mer än vad lärarstudenterna gör. De främsta positiva effekter de anser att kamratbedömning kan bidra till är gemensamt lärande och en utvecklad kritisk granskningsförmåga hos eleverna. De negativa effekter som framförallt betonas är att kamratbedömning kan generera generella och missvisande kommentarer som inte leder till ökat lärande samt att det kan ha en negativ inverkan på sociala relationer.  De metoder som lärarna och lärarstudenterna anser vara gynnsamma för elevernas textarbeten är ”two stars and a wish”, användandet av checklistor eller mallar med genrespecifika kriterier samt digital respons via inspelningsprogram och direktkommentarer i digital text. / The purpose of this study is to examine teachers' and teacher students' view on peer assessment for text work in grades 4–6 and to see which peer assessment methods they consider favorable for students' text work. This is a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews. Both teachers and teacher students are interviewed to show similarities and differences at individual- and group level. The interviews are transcribed and the answers are processed through a thematic analysis. The results show that both teachers and teacher students have a mainly positive view of peer assessment for text work in grades 4-6, but the teachers can see more benefits and they advocate the method more than the teacher students do. The main positive effects they see with peer assessment are common learning between students and a developed ability to critically review texts. The negative effects they emphasize are general and misleading comments between students that do not lead to increased learning and possible negative impact on social relationships. The methods the teachers and the teacher students prefer for students' text work are "two stars and a wish", checklists or templates with genre-specific criteria and digital peer review with recording programs and comments in digital texts.

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Esta Dissertação de Mestrado tem como tema o Plano Nacional de Formação de Professores da Educação Básica (PARFOR Presencial) e as relações federativas no Tocantins para a garantia de condições necessárias a permanência de professores-estudantes. Seu objetivo é analisar como se dão as relações entre a União – por meio do MEC/CAPES/FNDE e da UFT, o Estado – por meio da SEDUC e do FEPAD – TO, e Municípios do Tocantins – por meio da UNDIME, denominadas regime de colaboração, e as ações de garantia das condições necessárias para a permanência de professores-estudantes, trabalhadores de escolas da rede pública municipal por meio destas relações, para o desenvolvimento do PARFOR Presencial. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com informações coletadas por meio de revisão bibliográfica e análise documental. Como resultados, demonstra que, ao contrário do que fora proposto formalmente, as relações estabelecidas entre os entes federados União, Estado do Tocantins e Municípios, por meio de suas instituições e de seus órgãos, não se caracterizou como regime de colaboração. A pactuação pontual e fragmentada trouxe como consequência o conflito de interesses e a desconcentração de tarefas e papeis no desencadeamento de ações para a garantia de condições para permanência de professores-estudantes trabalhadores de Municípios nos cursos do PARFOR Presencial ofertados pela Universidade. Como conclusão, reforça a necessidade do debate qualificado a respeito do regime de colaboração, desvelandose conflitos de interesses no entorno da ideia de que o regime já existe, demandando apenas o seu aprimoramento, e abordando, inclusive, as suas possibilidades no Estado brasileiro. / This Master's Dissertation has as its theme the National Training Plan for Basic Education Teachers (PARFOR Presential) and the federal relations in Tocantins to guarantee the necessary conditions for the permanence of teacher-students. Its objective is to analyze how the relations between the Union - through MEC / CAPES / FNDE and UFT, the State - through SEDUC and FEPAD - TO, and Municipalities of Tocantins - through UNDIME, of collaboration, and the actions of guaranteeing the necessary conditions for the permanence of teachers-students, workers of schools of the municipal public network through these relations, for the development of PARFOR Presential. This is a qualitative research, with information collected through bibliographic review and documentary analysis. As results, it demonstrates that, contrary to what was formally proposed, the relations established between the federated entities União, Tocantins State and Municipalities, through its institutions and its organs, was not characterized as a collaboration regime. The punctual and fragmented agreement resulted in the conflict of interests and the deconcentration of tasks and roles in the launching of actions to guarantee the conditions of permanence of teachers-students workers of Municipalities in the courses of PARFOR Presential offered by the University. As a conclusion, it reinforces the need for a qualified debate about the collaboration regime, revealing conflicts of interest surrounding the idea that the regime already exists, demanding only its improvement, and even addressing its possibilities in the Brazilian State.