A buyer of a new car is often offered a various selection of warranties. A warranty can e.g. exist in the form of an extended new car warranty. However, some manufacturers demand that the car has to be serviced by an authorised repairer for the validity of an extended warranty. In the thesis I analyse whether such a contractual term is incompatible with today’s legislation and I argue for when such a term is to be seen as unfair. Contractual terms can, according to Swedish legislation, be forbidden if they are unfair to consumers or to the competitors of the one who states the terms. The term stipulating that a car has to be serviced by an authorised repairer for the continued validity of an extended warranty must also be investigated bearing in mind the block exemption for the car sector, regulation nr 1400/2002. Further, some comparison with Swedish and foreign practise within the subject is made. Briefly, my conclusion is that terms stipulating that a car has to be serviced by an authorised repairer for the continued validity of an extended warranty should be forbidden. The term has a negative effect on the competition within the after-sales market since independent repairers are not given the same possibilities to enter into competition. Furthermore, the term is unfair to the consumers since an independent repairer by means of regulation nr 1400/2002 has the same possibilities and rights to acquire with an authorised repairer equivalent knowledge of how to service a car. Owing to this, the service must be regarded as being of the same quality if performed by an independent repairer.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the difficulties that came up in the translation of an English travel guide about Costa Rica into Swedish, and what strategies may be employed in order to solve them. The focus is on how to handle proper nouns, figures of speech and terminology. In order to gather material for the study an English travel guide about Costa Rica was translated into Swedish and then some of the translation problems encountered during translation were chosen for an in-depth analysis. The analysis is mainly based on Rune Ingo’s and Peter Newmark’s theories, but other sources have also been used as a basis for the discussion.   Proper nouns were mostly handled by transference of the names in their original forms into the TT as well as transference in combination with a functional or descriptive equivalent. Where appropriate, some proper nouns were translated with recognized Swedish translations or partially translated and partially transferred. Many metaphors and idioms were translated into corresponding figurative expressions found in the target language. When this was not possible, they were either translated word-for-word, provided that they still conveyed the meaning of the ST metaphor or idiom, or translated with a non-figurative expression. In order to make up for lost figurative expressions, one non-figurative expression was translated with a metaphor. Regarding terminology, terms were mostly translated with corresponding terms found in Swedish bilingual dictionaries or other resources on the Internet. However, some terms had to be transferred from the ST in their original forms or translated with less specific words, since no corresponding terms could be found in the target language. The findings show that several different strategies were used to handle translation of proper nouns, figures of speech and terminology in this specific travel guide and which strategy to use depends on situational factors.

Each language has a variety of cultural words that in one way or another are deeply rooted in the culture and society of a country or a region. This includes words and / or expressions that have to do with ecology, material culture, social culture, organisations, customs, ideas, gestures and habits. Cultural words often involve translation difficulties and a translator can find help in different strategies when dealing with such challenges during the translation work.  This essay, in the form of a translation analysis, deals with cultural words and how these have been translated into Swedish. The translated texts regard six different French hikes during which it is possible to visit one or more cheese factories to discover certain quality cheeses and their manufacturing process. The aim of this essay is therefore to analyse six informative texts from a tourist guide titled Rando-fromage en France - Jolies balades et fromageries de qualité (2019) in order to distinguish the different strategies of translations for cultural words, especially those that are complex or whose connotations are lacking in the target language. Based on Svane's (2002) translation strategies for cultural words, this translation analysis describes how proper names, cultural terms and technical terms in the domain of cheese have been translated. The most used strategies are undoubtedly transfers of different kinds and additions, either in the form of a single word or in the form of longer explanations.  The translation analysis shows that there is a strong connection between the choice of translation strategy and the type of text that the source text represents. The analysis also highlights the important role of target language readers as the translation of cultural words is adapted to them.

I detta arbete undersöks Incoterms® 2010 maritima villkor, FAS. Framförallt hur det kommer sig att den inte används lika ofta som de övriga samt vad som är avgörande vid valet av villkor. Undersökningen genomfördes med en kvalitativ ansats och data samlades in genom litteraturstudie samt två kvalitativa intervjuer: en företagsrepresentant och en sakkunnig inom logistikrätt. En teorigenomgång av både allmän karaktär av Incoterms® samt tidigare forskning kring dess användning blev grunden till det teoretiska ramverket. Resultatet visar flera olika faktorer till att FAS inte används lika ofta som de övriga villkoren. De mest framträdande faktorerna är riskövergången, brytpunkter, betalning samt okunskap. / This work presents a study of the Incoterms® 2010 seaterm, FAS. The main questions are; why is it not used as often as the other terms for sea transportation, and, what are the main decisions when choosing Incoterms®. The study was carried out with a qualitative approach and data were collected through a literature study and two qualitative interviews; one with a company representative, and one who is an expert in logistics law. A theoretical review of Incoterms® and previous research, constructs the theoretical framework used. The result show several aspects for FAS not being used as often as the other terms. Most common aspects are; passing of risk, break point, payment and lack of knowledge.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-14T13:29:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleiton Eduardo Rabello_.pdf: 1244857 bytes, checksum: c7ff119863885a243423abd401bacbe4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-14T13:29:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleiton Eduardo Rabello_.pdf: 1244857 bytes, checksum: c7ff119863885a243423abd401bacbe4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-20 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Pró-Sinos - Consórcio Público de Saneamento Básico da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos / Esta tese tem por objetivo a investigação dos processos de formação de termos, examinando-se como a dimensão cognitiva das diferentes áreas ou subáreas do conhecimento se mostra nas escolhas lexicais para a formação morfológica das unidades especializadas. Além disso, partimos do pressuposto de que os termos das grandes áreas especializadas, área científica e técnico/tecnológica, apresentam características distintas, mesmo que compartilhem algumas, o que justifica que sejam examinados de modos diferentes. A pesquisa se apoia nos fundamentos trazidos por Sager (1993), Temmerman (2000) e Cabré e Estopà (2007) em relação aos diferentes processos de formação terminológicas, que possibilitam a criação de termos. Partimos do pressuposto de que a dimensão cognitiva das áreas ou subáreas de especialidade exerce significativa influência na formação morfológica dos termos e que, devido a essa influência, os termos passam a refletir o conhecimento dos setores dos quais se originam. O corpus da pesquisa é composto por 240 termos selecionados a partir de glossários e dicionários especializados e de manuais técnicos de quatro diferentes subáreas especializadas: Dermatologia, Geologia, Indústria moveleira e setor de Manutenção, Reparo e Revisão de aeronaves (MRO). A análise partiu da organização dos termos de acordo com seus respectivos processos de formação morfológica. Depois disso, a partir de mapas conceituais desenvolvidos para cada setor de especialidade, analisou-se o papel da dimensão cognitiva nos processos de formação. Mediante a análise, foi possível identificar que os conhecimentos específicos de cada área são acionados na formação dos termos e que, através das escolhas morfológicas realizadas, se mostram nas unidades de especialidade. Além disso, foi possível identificar diferenças na configuração dos termos das diferentes áreas, o que justifica que sejam divididos em distintas categorias, científica e técnico/tecnológica, e que, a partir disso, sejam examinados de modo particular. / This thesis aims to investigate the formation processes of the terms, examining how the cognitive dimension of the different areas or subareas of knowledge are shown in lexical choices for the morphological formation of specialized units. Moreover, we assume that the terms of large specialized areas, scientific and technical/technological, have different characteristics, even though they share some, which justifies be examined by different ways. The research is based on the foundations brought by Sager (1993), Temmerman (2000) and Cabré and Estopà (2007), in relation to the different terminological processes that enable the creation of terms. We assumed that the cognitive dimension of the areas or subareas of specialty has significant influence on the morphological formation of terms and that due to this influence, the terms tend to reflect the knowledge of the sectors from which they originate. The corpus of the research consists of 240 terms that were selected from glossaries and specialized dictionaries and technical manuals of four different specialized sub-areas: Dermatology, Geology, Furniture industry and MRO sector. The analysis was started with the organization of the terms according to their morphological formation processes. After that, from conceptual maps developed for each specialty sector, we analyzed the role of cognitive dimension in the training process. With the analysis, it was possible to identify that the specific knowledge of each area is used during the formation of terms and, through morphological choices made, are shown in the specialty units. Moreover, it was possible to identify differences in the arrangement of the terms of different areas, which justifies that be divided into different categories, scientific and technical/technological, and, from that, may be examined in particular.

I detta arbete undersöks Incoterms® 2010 maritima villkor, FAS. Framförallt hur det kommer sig att den inte används lika ofta som de övriga samt vad som är avgörande vid valet av villkor. Undersökningen genomfördes med en kvalitativ ansats och data samlades in genom litteraturstudie samt två kvalitativa intervjuer: en företagsrepresentant och en sakkunnig inom logistikrätt. En teorigenomgång av både allmän karaktär av Incoterms® samt tidigare forskning kring dess användning blev grunden till det teoretiska ramverket. Resultatet visar flera olika faktorer till att FAS inte används lika ofta som de övriga villkoren. De mest framträdande faktorerna är riskövergången, brytpunkter, betalning samt okunskap. / This work presents a study of the Incoterms® 2010 seaterm, FAS. The main questions are; why is it not used as often as the other terms for sea transportation, and, what are the main decisions when choosing Incoterms®. The study was carried out with a qualitative approach and data were collected through a literature study and two qualitative interviews; one with a company representative, and one who is an expert in logistics law. A theoretical review of Incoterms® and previous research, constructs the theoretical framework used. The result show several aspects for FAS not being used as often as the other terms. Most common aspects are; passing of risk, break point, payment and lack of knowledge.

Breast cancer is a disease that affects many women in the world. That’s why many European states and even other nations in the rest of the world are spending a lot of money on early detection of disease, treatment, research and even the follow-up of patients after recovery. Today, with the development of science and globalization, the European states share the results of their research to permit to all women in Europe and in the world to benefit from this progress. But for these sharing of experiences to be possible, different documents in relation to the disease and its treatment must be translated from one language to another. In this study, we have translated a Swedish health website (Vårdguiden 2016) into French, specifically its pages devoted to breast cancer, and written by Anna Dahllöv. The aim of this work is to analyze the translation of specialized words from Swedish into French and to see what translation strategies are used for this type of text. Also, taking into account the specificity of medicine, this translation work requires a  knowledge in this area not only in the source language, but also in the target language. During this study, several specialized words that are almost identical in both languages ​​(Swedish and French) were discovered. These words have been borrowed from Greek or Latin and are now to be found in several Western languages. That is why we used the theories of Jean-Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet who, in their book Stylistique comparée du français et de l’anglais (1958) to explain the strategies of adaptation, explanation, borrowing, additions and deletions or suppressions. These different theories helped us to bring the message of the source text into the target text, and to keep the same technical and straightforward style used by the source text of Anna Dahllöv.

Selected aspects of consumer contracts Abstract: This thesis occupies selected aspects of consumer's contracts. It focuses on the phenomenon of commercial terms and conditions, their unilateral changes, the adhesion method of negotiating contracts and related customer protection against the abuse of standardization and simplification of the process of negotiation and conclusion of contract amendments. The second part focuses on the process of concluding a distance contract with a consumer and it discusses the different phases of the process of concluding agreements and the practice of deviation from standard procedures foreseen by law on a practical example of an e-shop. The aim is to evaluate the current legal situation and its development regarding to the transposed European directives and adumbrate the interpretation of certain provisions.

Kenneth Burke has been described as arguably the most important rhetorician and critical theorist of the twentieth century, and yet an important part of his scholarship has been generally overlooked by the academic community. The pentad has become the most prominent "Burkean" framework for analyzing texts, yet Kenneth Burke himself preferred "a more direct" way of approaching texts which he named "indexing." This thesis recreates this method from the pieces found in his scholarly writing, personal correspondence, and the papers his students produced for the class he taught at Bennington College. Kenneth Burke believed indexing could uncover the "pattern of experience" or "motivational structures" a text embodies, and thereby help people become aware of the persuasive power different texts have. The method of indexing has two parts: 1. Finding the implicit equations in a text, and 2. Tracking the hierarchies of terms and God-terms in those equations. Identifying equations in a text starts with finding "key terms" in a text, meaning terms which carry special significance as indicated by their intensity and frequency of usage. One then tracks the context of these terms throughout a text to find which other words frequently occur together with these words. The second step, tracking hierarchies of terms, is done by finding how the terms in the equations relate to each other in a hierarchy. We start with specific and move upward to more general terms. On the top of the pyramid we find the God-term, which is the driving motivation and ground of all possibility in the text. Kenneth Burke hoped his method of indexing could help us understand the power language and motivational structures have to drive human action, and that we could question our own motivational structure as well as that of others and of the communities we operate in.

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