This thesis examines the concept of parental liability and the effect it has in deterring juvenile delinquency, with an emphasis on Florida Law. It will also consider the concept's ability to properly compensate victims of juvenile offenses. The thesis focuses on the circumstances in which a parent or guardian may be liable for the actions of a child and how liability insurance law plays a key role in compensating innocent victims. It discusses Florida's public policy of seeking justice by holding parents responsible and the problems that it faces by doing so. The thesis further examines what issues arise when parents are found vicariously liable for their negligence or contribution to a child's offense, but are not covered by liability insurance coverage or the insurers deny coverage.

This study addresses the application and the effectiveness of radar obstacle sensors for forklift trucks during reverse travel. Two different discriminating radar obstacle sensors with different outputs are evaluated. This study reviews the safety of human exposure to emissions from these radar sensors; documents the field of view obtained from experiments with the two systems; gives the results from experiments with sensors on lift trucks. The influence of obstacle reflectivity, composition and area on the size and shape of the radar detection zone are discussed. An experimental setup for measuring position and velocity of the obstacle crossing the truck path is described. The combination of obstacle sensors required for full coverage of the back of the lift trucks and the mounting height and angle are discussed.

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Bakgrund: År 2019 utlystes vaccintveksamhet som ett av de tio största hoten mot global hälsa och antalet ovaccinerade barn har ökat kraftigt de senaste tre åren. Detta riskerar barnens hälsa och får konsekvenser för samhällets tillväxt och utveckling. Vaccinering är ett effektivt sätt att förebygga sjukdom och anses vara en av de största framgångarna för hälsa i historien. Trots omfattande evidens gällande vacciners nytta och säkerhet växer vaccintveksamheten världen över. Syfte: Att beskriva vilka faktorer som ligger bakom vårdnadshavares val att inte vaccinera sina barn med rekommenderade grundvaccinationer. Metod: Litteraturöversikt med deskriptiv design. Resultatet baserades på tio kvalitativa originalartiklar publicerade mellan år 2017 och 2023. Datainsamling gjordes via databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt användes begreppet hälsolitteracitet. Resultat: Ur de tio granskade studierna framkom fyra teman. De faktorer som påverkade beslutet var att vårdnadshavare ansåg att vacciner är skadliga och onödiga samt att vacciner är onaturliga och ges för tidigt. Vidare önskade vårdnadshavare fatta självständiga beslut gällande sina barns vaccinationer men upplevde inskränkt autonomi. Det fanns även en uttalad misstro till hälso- och sjukvården, myndigheter och läkemedelsföretag. Slutsats: Då vaccintveksamhet är ett växande fenomen är det viktigt att hälso- och sjukvården utvecklar kommunikationsstrategier för bästa möjliga bemötande och individanpassad information, vilket kan bidra till ett ökat förtroende. Sjuksköterskan kan bidra med evidensbaserad kunskap och information till vårdnadshavare samt säkerställa att varje familj blir bemött med respekt oavsett eventuella meningsskiljaktigheter.

The aim of this study was to investigate how social workers on a Chief Guardian unit work from their conditions when recruiting guardians. More specifically, we wanted to see how the law, the practise and the professionals’ tacit knowledge affect their judgement of guardians and how the organisation and the government of the Chief Guardian unit affect their work. The Chief Guardian unit is a municipal supervisor that control and supervise the work of the guardian. Media has criticized the Chief Guardian unit, by highlighting examples of unfit guardians. The Swedish National Audit Office (Riksrevisionen) has expressed a number of shortcomings of the supervision by the County administrative boards of Sweden (Länsstyrelsen). Because the Chief Guardian units lack a common governmental monitoring, internal solutions are created by every individual unit. In this qualitative study we have tried to understand how the social workers practise their profession. Through semi-structured interviews with eight social workers in three different Chief Guardian units, we have interpreted the views of their work. The theoretical framework was primarily founded on Polanyi´s theory of tacit knowledge and the ideas of occupational and organizational professionalism. The results of our study showed that the reality for the social workers is a mix of occupational and organizational professionalism. All the informants describe their work as heavily controlled by laws and regulations, but with a certain freedom of how to conduct their work. They find the tacit knowledge and the collegial support very important when it comes to assessing guardians. All the informants state that an organizational change is crucial to guarantee the legal security of guardians and caretakers.

[pt] Ao ensejo do bicentenário do julgamento histórico de Marbury vs. Madison nota-se o fato de que a realidade da Justiça Constitucional é marcada por essa posição de guardião maior da Constituição ser exercida sem praticamente qualquer crítica. No entanto, essa presença notadamente do Poder Judiciário no sentido de sua supremacia na prevalência do texto constitucional foi fundamentada em pressupostos de legitimidade que não se apresentam mais nos Estados Democráticos de Direito. Desta forma, é objetivo desta dissertação comprovar que o atual estágio de conformação dos ordenamentos constitucionais, de caráter compromissário e com a utilização de técnica principiológica, impede que estes tribunais atuem de forma plena sem que sua função de guarda seja repartida com outros poderes e com toda a sociedade. A metodologia utilizada será bibliográfica, com análise histórica e comparativa e utilização de modelos analíticos. A abordagem será inicialmente científica, com proposições dogmáticas na conclusão, sendo as fontes de pesquisa basicamente doutrinárias, com o estudo das normas constitucionais referentes ao tema permeando o trabalho e com aporte de jurisprudências selecionadas do STF ao final. / [en] The Constitutional Courts had arrived at the bicentennial of the historical judgment of Marbury versus Madison with its position of greater guardian of the constitution without any substantial critics. However, this position of the Judiciary Branch as the great and last defender of the respect to the text of the Constitution was based on a legitimacy that does not exist anymore in our Democratic States. So, it is objective of this dissertation to prove that current constitutional orders, characterized by compromise and use of principles, hinders that these courts can`t act in a full form without that function of guardian be distributed with other branches and all the society. The used methodology will be bibliographical, with historical and comparative analysis and use of analytical models. The treatment will be initially scientific, with proposals in the conclusion, being the sources of research basically doctrinal, with the study of the referring constitutional rules to the subject passing through the work, and discussing selected decisions of the STF to the end.

The aim of the thesis is to analyse legal aspects of the position of the municipality in the role of a public guardian and on a practical example introduce the issue of establishing a municipality as a public guardian. Furthermore, using a quantitative survey to find a possible alternative of a financing public guardianship, which would be positively accepted by municipalities. The issue of public guardianship is currently becoming a much debated topic not only because of the lack of legislation governing the institute of public guardianship, but also because the financing of this agenda towards municipalities acting as public guardian is insufficient and unsatisfactory for municipalities.

What psychologial processes are activated in experiencing mourning after a loss of a belovedperson? How is death described in other authors’ novels and short stories compared to mine? This essay aims at analysing my two short stories The follower and The price for love fromdifferent aspects. I discuss the psychological realism and the spirituality using the method ofclose reading, interpreting and applying ideas of texts from other authors in my short stories. Death is a central phenomenon in both of my texts. Therefore I discuss death frompsychological and philosophical aspects in this essay. To get a philosophical frame of death Iturn to Jacques Derrida, Emmanuel Levinas and Martin Heidegger. They express different opinions but important to point out is their truism that death is waiting for us all. Then I turn to Sigmund Freud, Ann-Kristin Lundmark and Lars Rönnmark to get the psychological view of death. Because of the character of the texts, I use concepts of mourning and losses from Sigmund Freud, Barbro Lennéer Axelson and Lars Rönnmark. I discuss the characters, their inner psychological processes, and relationships between persons. In this essay I indicate that mourning is a natural reaction to the loss of a beloved person. The usual mourning often follow four phases. The first phase is the chock phase, then comes the reaction phase, followed by the process phase. Finally comes the reorientation phase. The religious aspect of the stories is also explored. There my starting point is authors as Staffan Ljungman and Inger Waern, who discuss the occurrence of angels in human beings lifes. The narrator in The follower is a guardian angel, something that makes the question ofangels interesting to study. The reality aspect in the short stories is also discussed in this essay. I turn to James Wood and compare his ideas and hypotheses with my texts. James Wood present the importance of giving the reader an appearance of reality and creating vitality of the literary characters. My stories are planted in a realistic environment, the characters act and react the way real people could do in their culture and epoch. Their mourning is also similar to what human beings could experience. Therefore I come to the conclusion that my stories could regard realistic for some readers but not to other. My intention is to give the reader an atmosphere of probability. If I success is both depending on the way I send my messages as well as on the way the reader receives it. I use no special school of philosophy or psychology to analyse these texts. I analyse from the point of view of a social worker. My own conclusion of this essay is that relationships are important in my stories, as well as a capability of mourning. The religious facet is an attempt to raise the question of a possible invisible world.