Uppsatsen behandlar third party ownership (TPO) inom den professionella fotbollen där fokus främst ligger på den europeiska toppfotbollen. Vidare tas fotbollens autonoma ställning till samhällets övriga grenar upp och belyses. Syftet med uppsatsen är till stor del att belysa en problematik som den traditionella juristkåren inte anammat. Idrottsjuridiken har visserligen vuxit sig större på senare år men är i det stora sammanhanget ett underutvecklat område och den juridiska debatten gällande TPO är i Sverige väldigt tunn. I Europa och framförallt England däremot är det ett oerhört aktuellt, omdiskuterat och omtvistat område. Third party ownership är en affärsmodell som kan bli aktuell vid alla internationella som nationella övergångar av en professionell fotbollsspelare till en professionell fotbollsklubb. En tredje part – som inte är en annan fotbollsklubb – äger då en del av eller de fullständiga ekonomiska rättigheterna till en spelares fotbollsrelaterade tjänster. Förfarandet används i Europa men har ännu inte nått Sverige. Detta beror till stor del på att fotbollens största och agendasättande organisationer, FIFA och UEFA, visat en motvilja till att låta denna affärsmodell fortskrida obehindrat. Sedan fenomenet först uppdagades har de ansvariga organisationerna inom toppfotbollen arbetat på att förbjuda TPO. Detta har främst skett genom införandet av art. 18bis i RSTP, ett internationellt regelverk som behandlar alla övergångar, även sådana på nationell nivå. Denna förbjuder att en tredje part utövar något inflytande över klubb eller spelare, men inte något ägande. Denna bestämmelse tar i princip ändå sikte på TPO. Av skälen till varför man vill förbjuda TPO finns bland annat att det är etiskt och moraliskt förkastligt för en part att kunna äga en annan människa, att det urholkar sportens integritet samt att det inte rimmar väl med den nya ekonomiska regleringen som börjar gälla säsongen 2013-2014, FFPR som i stora drag innebär att varje klubb ska leva inom sina egna tillgångar. Detta negativa förhållningssätt från FIFA och UEFA har kritiserats bland klubbar, spelare och verksamma jurister inom fotbollen som menar att det inte bör förbjudas, utan istället regleras i någon mån. Organisationernas autonomi har även den utmanats när ett avgörande på europeisk nivå föll och indirekt bekräftade att fotbollens regler måste böja sig för EU-rätten. Problemet har inte varit kännbart i Sverige men chansen att så sker inom kort finns.

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According to the author¡¦s professional observations of the 3PL industrial situations and problems, the main issue of this paper is to present real cases providing solutions on 3PL industrial pitfalls. In this paper, the pitfalls of ¡§Third party logistics¡¨ industry actually focus on the ¡§NVOCC¡¨ services, which indicate the vicious competitions of price for these decades. Due to the low entry barrier and low cost requirements; 3PL industry originally is under a keen competitive environment. Plus, because of the different price structure of underlying carrier during the recent decades, for 3PLs, the vicious cycle of NVOCC becomes more and more serious. Therefore, in this paper, author analyzes two practical cases based on existing literature review. The main purpose here is finding out the efficient suggestions of solutions on breaking this vicious cycle of competition by improving the core competitiveness from both internal services offering and external logistic network.

Purpose - The purpose of the bachelor thesis is to describe the relationship between Third-party logistics (3PL) suppliers and car assemblers under Just-in-sequence (JIS). The paper refers to a case in the Spanish automotive industry and the main target is to identify and analyse the potential problems between both parts and explain how they work together. Methodology – The paper is based on a case study research, with the aid of interviews with people of the industry and participant-observations, to explain how this part of the supply chain works, the relationships along the chain and the difficulties of sequencing. Results – The paper identifies and analyses the potential problems between both parts and relates how a mistake from one of them can affect the other one. Then, the results are discussed and associated with some concepts of the theoretical framework. Limitations - The results of this case study can only be related to the Spanish automotive industry, for car assemblers that work under a JIS context with several 3PL suppliers. The case study only identifies and analyses the problems, solutions and measures for managing them are not provided.

L'arbitrage étant une institution basée sur la volonté des parties, le consentement à la procédure arbitrale multipartite soulève de nombreuses questions relativement à la manière dont les parties expriment leur intention de faire partie d'une instance unique. Cette étude vise à déterminer les conditions dans lesquelles l'arbitre peut arriver à unifier la résolution des litiges qui impliquent les groupements de sociétés. Le plus naturel des moyens pour aboutir à une procédure multipartite est de prévoir cette possibilité à travers la convention d'arbitrage. Cela peut notamment provenir de la signature d'une convention d'arbitrage unique par toutes les parties concernées. Dans certains cas précis, l'arbitrage multipartite peut également résulter de plusieurs conventions d'arbitrage spécialement lorsque les parties participent à la réalisation d'un même ouvrage. Cependant, il arrive souvent qu'une partie qui n'a pas signé la convention d'arbitrage soit obligée à participer à l'instance. Même sans y être obligée, une partie non-signataire de la convention d'arbitrage peut aussi demander de participer à l'arbitrage pour défendre ses intérêts. Pour pouvoir admettre la participation à la procédure d'un tiers non-signataire de la convention d'arbitrage, les arbitres ont recours à plusieurs notions prévues par les droits internes. C'est ainsi que la levée du voile corporatif, la théorie de la réalité économique et le principe de l'estoppel constituent les meilleurs outils pour les arbitres d'amener à la procédure, par force ou sur demande, un non-signataire de la convention d'arbitrage. Enfin, les mécanismes du Code civil servent efficacement à neutraliser les effets du principe de relativité de la convention d'arbitrage. Il s'agit notamment de la bonne foi, du mandat, de la stipulation pour autrui et de la cession. / Arbitration as an institution based on the intention of the parties, the consent on the multi-party arbitration procedure raises many problems relating to the way in which the parties express their intention to participate in a unique arbitration forum. This study aims to determinate the manner in which the arbitrator can join disputes resolution involving the groups of companies. The normal way to get a multi-party procedure is to provide it in an arbitration clause. This can be by signing a single arbitration agreement by all the parties involved. In certain cases, the multi-party arbitration can also be possible with several arbitration agreements especially when the parties took part in carrying out ofthe same economic operation. However, in other situations, the multi-party arbitration procedure is unrelated to consent. A non-signatory party can nevertheless be bound by an arbitration agreement signed by an other party. To allow the participation in the arbitration procedure of a third party non-signatory of the arbitration agreement, the arbitrators use several concepts provided chiefly by the national laws. 80, the lifting of the corporate veil, the doctrine of economic reality and estoppel, are the best tools for the arbitrators to bring to the arbitration procedure, by force or on request, a non-signatory of the arbitration agreement. Lastly, the mechanisms of the Civil code are used with efficiency by arbitrators to neutralize the effects of the relativity principle of the arbitration agreement. Those mechanisms are in particular the good faith, mandate, stipulation for another and assignment. / "Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des Études supérieures En vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise en droit (LL.M.) option : Droit des affaires". Ce mémoire a été accepté à l'unanimité et classé parmi les 15% des mémoires de la discipline.

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Cloud Computing is the next step in the evolution of the Internet. It provides seemingly unlimited computation and storage resources by abstracting the networking, hardware, and software components underneath. However, individual cloud service providers do not have unlimited resources to offer. Some of the tasks demand computational resources that these individual cloud service providers can not fulfill themselves. In such cases, it would be optimal for these providers to borrow resources from each other. The process where different cloud service providers pool their resources is called Cloud Federation. There are many aspects to Cloud Federation such as access control and interoperability. Access control ensures that only the permitted users can access these federated resources. Interoperability enables the end-user to have a seamless experience when accessing resources on federated clouds. In this thesis, we detail our project named GENI-SAVI Federation, in which we federated the GENI and SAVI cloud systems. We focus on the access control portion of the project while also discussing the interoperability aspect of it. / Graduate / 0984 / panjwani.riz@gmail.com

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to analyze the relation between the third party work regarding the cleaning industry and casualization. This study was carried out in the context of the 2000‟s during the PT federal governments. It was taken into consideration the increasing in the formal work that consequently increased the third party works during this period and; in sequence, it was made an attempt to understand if this type of work allowed an economic and social growth for the workers or if it improved their condition of vulnerability. To do so, this research was carried out in two moments: first, it was done a statistical and descriptive survey about the third party work in Brazil, especially regarding the city of Santa Maria/RS, in order to verify the location and extension of this phenomenon in the period of 2004 to 2014. Secondly, observations and interviews were carried out with workers from the third party cleaning industry in Santa Maria/RS, to analyze their work and life conditions. The collected data allowed us to identify that the third party work, regarding the cleaning industry, has casualization characteristics such as low payments, instability, no health insurance and workplace safety; third party workers are treated differently from the permanent ones; and there are impairment of the relations and the social invisibility happens as well. The third party work presents itself as a two-way street . Despite the negative effects and all vulnerability that it represents, it was observed that having a formal work register meant an advance to such workers because, the great majority, used to work informally or receiving a salary without any registration. Thus, it is understood that the third party work, in the 2000‟s during the PT federal governments, represents the precarious formality (SOUZA, 2012). In other words, in spite of being considered a formal work, the workers are submitted to precarious work conditions (which go beyond the labor market) and such conditions are disguised behind the so-called formal work register. / Esse estudo buscou analisar a relação entre a terceirização no setor de limpeza e a precarização do trabalho. O contexto dessa pesquisa é o dos anos 2000, sob a égide dos governos federais do PT. Tendo em vista que, nesse período, houve crescimento do trabalho formal e isso acarretou, também, no aumento de postos de trabalho terceirizados, buscou-se compreender se esse tipo de trabalho permitiu crescimento econômico e social dos trabalhadores ou se retroalimentou sua condição de vulnerabilidade. Para tanto, essa pesquisa foi realizada em dois momentos: primeiramente, foi realizado um levantamento estatístico-descritivo da terceirização no Brasil, e particularmente, em Santa Maria/RS, para verificar a localização e extensão desse fenômeno no período de 2004 a 2014. Na sequência, foram realizadas observações e entrevistas com mulheres, funcionárias terceirizadas do setor de limpeza de Santa Maria/RS, para analisar suas condições de trabalho e vida. Os dados levantados permitiram identificar que o trabalho terceirizado, no setor de limpeza, possui características de precarização, tais como: baixa remuneração; instabilidade; desproteção quanto à saúde e segurança no trabalho; diferença de tratamento entre efetivos e terceirizados; enfraquecimento dos laços e invisibilidade social para os trabalhadores terceirizados. No entanto, o trabalho terceirizado mostrou-se uma via de mão dupla . Apesar de todos os seus efeitos negativos e de toda a vulnerabilidade que este representa, observou-se que a posse da carteira de trabalho significou um avanço para as trabalhadoras terceirizadas do setor da limpeza, que, em sua maioria, trabalhavam anteriormente como informais ou como assalariadas sem carteira assinada. Compreende-se, assim, que o trabalho terceirizado, no contexto dos anos 2000, sob a égide dos governos federais do PT, representa a formalidade precária (SOUZA, 2012). Isto é, ainda que seja um trabalho formal, os trabalhadores estão submetidos à condições precárias de trabalho (que refletem além da esfera laboral) e que se escondem por trás da carteira assinada.

L'injonction de soins est un dispositif qui concerne en premier lieu les auteurs de violence sexuelle. Ce dispositif qui existe en France depuis 1998 se décrit comme une peine supplémentaire qui débute à la sortie de l'emprisonnement. Le condamné doit aller voir un psychologue, un psychiatre et suivre des soins pendant une durée déterminée par la justice. À travers un référentiel d’inspiration psychanalytique nous proposons de comprendre l’injonction de soins comme une figure du tiers. En cela elle possèderait une efficacité symbolique permettant au sujet concerné d’enclencher un processus de subjectivation. Alors que la société semble prise dans une prévention de la récidive « à tout prix », notre travail se pose dans un courant qui redonne toute sa place au sujet à travers la notion de la subjectivation. Le sujet sera au centre de ce travail afin d'explorer ses diverses représentations. Notre problématique étant de voir si l'injonction de soins en tant que tiers peut favoriser l'accessibilité psychique aux soins. Pour la mise en évidence de cette éventuelle efficacité symbolique nous avons choisi un dispositif fait d'outils projectifs (Rorschach, génogramme, dessin) et conçu les rencontres en deux temps à six mois d'intervalle. À partir de l'analyse développée de quatre cas d'auteur, l'injonction semble relancer le processus de subjectivation chez la plupart d'entre eux. / The order of care is a device that primarily concerns sexual offenders. This device which is available in France since 1998 is described as an additional penalty that begins after the sentence. The offender must go to a psychologist, a psychiatrist and take care of him for a period determined by the court. Through a referential inspired by psychoanalytic idea, we propose to understand the order of care as « a figure of third parties ». In this she would own a symbolic efficiency allowing the patient concerned to initiate a process of subjectivity. While society tries to avoid a relapse at any price, our work gives its place to the patient through the concept of subjectivity and explores its various representations. The aim of the study is to see if an order of care as a third party can facilitate access to mental health care. For that we organize meeting in two times with six months intervals with help of projective tools (Rorschach, family tree, drawing). Based on the analysis of four patients, the order of care seems to activate the process of subjectivity in most of them.

Braathens Regional Airlines is a result of a merger between multiple smaller, domestic airlines. As a result, the company has a large supply base for logistics services. This has lead to difficulties following up the operation and a complex supply structure. Therefore, in order to improve the overall logistics operations, the aim was to evaluate the current external transportation solution for the distribution of spare parts. The evaluation was accomplished through a comparison with two alternative scenarios: Supply base reduction and Third-party logistics (TPL). Supply base reduction meant removing suppliers from the current supply base, and Third-party logistics entailed outsourcing all external transportation to a single company. The comparison was based on five criteria: Transportation cost, Administrative workload, Delivery precision, Lead time and Flexibility. To be able to carry out a comparison, data regarding all the criteria was collected for all cases. This was done through extractions from enterprise systems from four of the case company's largest carriers, as well as through interviews with employees and a representative from a Third-party logistics service provider. After analyzing the provided data, the main conclusion was that both supply base reduction and TPL would improve the operation, where the case of TPL was expected to be slightly better. In order to further strengthen the analysis, the company has to develop its data collection procedures. In addition to the exact transportation solution, changes within the organization and its routines can improve the operations further.