A importância da proteção à propriedade industrial foi deflagrada com o advento da Revolução Industrial e, posteriormente, com a Revolução Francesa. A proteção internacional à propriedade industrial teve origem na França, em 1883, com a Convenção da União de Paris para a Proteção da Propriedade Industrial (CUP), na qual foi estabelecido o tratamento jurídico para as patentes, marcas, bem como a obrigatoriedade aos países da União de assegurar proteção efetiva contra a concorrência desleal, nos termos de seu artigo 10 bis, parágrafo 1º. Todavia, somente no bojo do Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights - TRIPS, o segredo industrial encontrou proteção internacional efetiva, por meio das normas de repressão à concorrência desleal, conforme dispõe o artigo 39 do referido Acordo. Assim, cumpre analisar, a partir do respectivo regime de proteção internacional, qual o conceito, a natureza jurídica, o regime jurídico e a finalidade de proteção do segredo industrial. Para tanto, é preciso ter em mente a natureza imaterial do segredo industrial, os requisitos exigidos para que seja protegido, o regime jurídico e estrutura do TRIPS e o fundamento constitucional de proteção à propriedade industrial, ao qual vincula-se o interesse social e o desenvolvimento tecnológico e econômico do Brasil. / The relevance of industrial property protection was carried out by the Industrial Revolution and, lately, by the French Revolution. The international protection to the industrial property had been originated in France, in 1883, with the adoption of the Union of Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, in which the legal treatment to patents and trademarks was set forth, as well as the obligation to the countries of the Union to make the protection against the unfair competition effective, pursuant to the article 10 bis, paragraph 1st of such Convention. However, only in the Agreement ontTrade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights - TRIPS, the trade secret has found effective international legal protection through the rules agaisnt unfair competition, in accordance with the article 39 of the referred Agreement. Thus, it is necessary to analize the definition, the legal nature, the legal regime and the aim of protection of trade secret from the respective regime of international protection. In this connection, it is important to emphasize the innmaterial nature of the trade secret and the requirements for its legal protection, the legal regime and the structure of the TRIPS and the industrial property constitutional fundament for its protection, which is connected to the social interest and the Brazilian technological and economic developement.

近年來，國內營業秘密相關侵害問題爭迭不休，使國內產業之營業秘密權人危機意識提高，因為營業秘密本是企業取得產業競爭力的關鍵要素，若遭到洩漏，影響範圍除自身公司外，甚至遍及整個產業鏈，都將遭受動盪，因此為使營業秘密能受到更有效的保護，期能嚇阻侵害營業秘密之行為，立法院於2013年1月11日修訂完成營業秘密法，並於同月30日公布之，增加刑事與民事責任，自始營業秘密之保障將更為周全，因此如能建立完善的智慧財產管理，加上營業秘密法賦予營業秘密權人之保障，將能提升產業競爭力。然要受到營業秘密法律之保護，需符合營業秘密法規範之三大要件，而其中要件之一「合理保密之措施」究為所指，綜覽學界與實務之見解，尚未有一致之看法，除相關「完善」之保密措施論述外，並無明確闡釋「合理」此一要件之見解，但對國內中小企業而言，建立完善之合理保密措施的成本高，非其所能負擔。 因而本文嘗試整理國內與美國學說之見解，並進一步蒐集我國法院營業秘密法判決，加以歸納統整，期從中找出「合理」保密措施之參考依據，以作為我國企業所能參考之依據。詳言之，係以國內司法判決之實證研究為主，並加以美國法制體系及相關實務判決作為比較法研究之基礎，嘗試能從中統整出「合理」之保密措施，讓企業得以在成本規劃與洩密風險承擔此二者間，尋找一平衡點，方能使國內各企業在能力所及範圍內，亦達保護公司營業秘密之目的，維持整體產業公平競爭之秩序。 / A trade secret is a form of intellectual property that gives the firm who owns it an advantage over its competitors as long as the firm manages to keep it. Recently, Trade secret infringements occur more than thought. For example, employees thieve the firm’s secret and intend to sell it to competitor., therefore the Legislative Yuan passed the amendments to the completion of the Trade Secrets Act On January 11, 2013, and was released on the 30th of the same month, the proposal has increased in criminal and civil liability, the Legislative Yuan expect the amendments have more comprehensive protection of trade secrets.A secret.under Trade secrect protection have to satisfy three requirements, and one of the requirement is “reasonable measures”, therefore this paper attempts to sort out the domestic and U.S. doctrine of insights and further to collect court judgment in Taiwan, try to be summarized integration "reasonable" security measures. Expect to figure out what is common definition of “reasonable measures”,as the basis for Taiwan’s enterprises can reference. In particular, empirical studies of domestic judicial decisions based, and the U.S. legal system and related practices judgment as the basis for the study of comparative law, to try from integration in a "reasonable" measures, to enable enterprises to cost planning bear both the risk of disclosure, to find a balance point, can the domestic enterprises in the abilities within up to protect the company's trade secrets, to maintain the overall industry fair competition order.

A importância da proteção à propriedade industrial foi deflagrada com o advento da Revolução Industrial e, posteriormente, com a Revolução Francesa. A proteção internacional à propriedade industrial teve origem na França, em 1883, com a Convenção da União de Paris para a Proteção da Propriedade Industrial (CUP), na qual foi estabelecido o tratamento jurídico para as patentes, marcas, bem como a obrigatoriedade aos países da União de assegurar proteção efetiva contra a concorrência desleal, nos termos de seu artigo 10 bis, parágrafo 1º. Todavia, somente no bojo do Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights - TRIPS, o segredo industrial encontrou proteção internacional efetiva, por meio das normas de repressão à concorrência desleal, conforme dispõe o artigo 39 do referido Acordo. Assim, cumpre analisar, a partir do respectivo regime de proteção internacional, qual o conceito, a natureza jurídica, o regime jurídico e a finalidade de proteção do segredo industrial. Para tanto, é preciso ter em mente a natureza imaterial do segredo industrial, os requisitos exigidos para que seja protegido, o regime jurídico e estrutura do TRIPS e o fundamento constitucional de proteção à propriedade industrial, ao qual vincula-se o interesse social e o desenvolvimento tecnológico e econômico do Brasil. / The relevance of industrial property protection was carried out by the Industrial Revolution and, lately, by the French Revolution. The international protection to the industrial property had been originated in France, in 1883, with the adoption of the Union of Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, in which the legal treatment to patents and trademarks was set forth, as well as the obligation to the countries of the Union to make the protection against the unfair competition effective, pursuant to the article 10 bis, paragraph 1st of such Convention. However, only in the Agreement ontTrade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights - TRIPS, the trade secret has found effective international legal protection through the rules agaisnt unfair competition, in accordance with the article 39 of the referred Agreement. Thus, it is necessary to analize the definition, the legal nature, the legal regime and the aim of protection of trade secret from the respective regime of international protection. In this connection, it is important to emphasize the innmaterial nature of the trade secret and the requirements for its legal protection, the legal regime and the structure of the TRIPS and the industrial property constitutional fundament for its protection, which is connected to the social interest and the Brazilian technological and economic developement.

Les recettes de cuisine sont partout de nos jours, dans les livres, à la télévision, sur l’Internet, ainsi que dans les restaurants et les entreprises alimentaires industrielles. Cette grande présence médiatique et économique soulève la question de savoir s’il est possible de les protéger par le droit de la propriété intellectuelle canadien. L’auteure commence par décrire les recettes et les plats, puis examine si ceux de nature traditionnelle et familiale sont des éléments de culture et s’ils peuvent constituer des savoirs traditionnels. Cela amène l’auteure à examiner si les indications géographiques peuvent procurer aux recettes et aux plats une certaine forme de protection contre leur appropriation à l’usage exclusif d’une personne. L’auteure aborde ensuite les régimes usuels de propriété intellectuelle à l’aune de la recette et du plat de chefs ou de l’industrie. Elle examine en premier ceux de la propriété industrielle. Les recettes et les plats peuvent-ils être des marques de commerce? Peuvent-ils être des secrets de commerce? Peuvent-ils constituer des inventions brevetables? Elle se penche ensuite sur le droit d’auteur et examine si les recettes et les plats peuvent être des œuvres protégeables et s’ils se qualifieraient comme œuvres littéraires ou artistiques. Cet examen l’amène à regarder le développement de la protection des œuvres musicales pour mieux cerner les enjeux pour les recettes. Au terme de son analyse, l’auteure fait ressortir quel régime appert le plus approprié selon la nature des recettes et des pratiques des chefs et des entreprises industrielles. / Nowadays, we are surrounded by recipes; they are in books, on television, on the Web, as well as in restaurants and in industrial food businesses. This great economic and media weight naturally begs the question whether recipes can be protected under Canadian intellectual property law. The author starts by describing recipes and dishes and then examines whether traditional and family recipes and dishes are elements of culture and whether they can be considered traditional knowledge. That leads the author to consider whether geographical indications can provide recipes and dishes with some kind of protection against their appropriation by a person for his or her exclusive use. The author then examines the usual intellectual property schemes for industrial and chefs’ recipes and dishes. She starts with industrial property schemes. Can recipes and dishes act as trademarks? Can they be trade secrets? Can they be patentable inventions? She then moves on to copyright, to examine whether recipes and dishes can be copyrightable works and, if so, whether they would be literary or artistic works. That leads her to look at how musical works came to be protected in order to better understand what is at issue for recipes. The author concludes her analysis by stating which scheme seems to be the most appropriate for recipes depending on their nature and the practices of chefs and industrial businesses.

Le contrat de franchise organise la transmission d'un savoir-faire et prépare la réitération d'un succès commercial. Compte tenu de la nature complexe de la prestation caractéristique, les parties au contrat deviennent au fil du temps des véritables partenaires, si bien que le contrat de franchise acquiert une dimension relationnelle. Malgré cette spécificité, le droit français appréhende encore le contrat de franchise en utilisant le modèle cognitif classique offert par la théorie générale du contrat. Une telle démarche risque d'ignorer la réalité des problèmes que les partenaires peuvent rencontrer, ce qui peut conduire à l'application de solutions inadaptées. La proposition d'une analyse relationnelle vise à réduire un tel risque. En se fondant principalement sur les travaux de la doctrine nord-américaine, l'analyse relationnelle séduit de plus en plus les juristes français notamment parce que les raisonnements proposés sont souvent compatibles avec le droit positif. En envisageant le contrat de franchise grâce à la grille de lecture fournie par l'analyse relationnelle, il devient possible d'appréhender l'intégralité du contexte dans lequel ce contrat s'insère et de proposer des règles de droit en harmonie avec les besoins et préoccupations des partenaires contractuels. / The franchise agreement organizes the transmission of trade secrets and business plans. Given the complex nature of this performance , the contracting parties over time become true partners , so that the franchise agreement acquires a relational dimension. Despite the existence of a relational dimension, French contract law still rule the franchise agreement using the standard cognitive model offered by classic contract theory. Such an approach risks ignoring the real problems that partners can meet , which may lead to the application of inappropriate solutions. The proposal for a relational analysis aims to reduce such a risk. Based largely on the work of the North American contract law doctrine , the relational analysis is attracting more and more French scholars especially because the proposed arguments follow the French legal system's evolution. The relational analysis allows us to understand the franchise agreement's context and propose solutions in harmony with the needs and concerns of contractual partners.

Les recettes de cuisine sont partout de nos jours, dans les livres, à la télévision, sur l’Internet, ainsi que dans les restaurants et les entreprises alimentaires industrielles. Cette grande présence médiatique et économique soulève la question de savoir s’il est possible de les protéger par le droit de la propriété intellectuelle canadien. L’auteure commence par décrire les recettes et les plats, puis examine si ceux de nature traditionnelle et familiale sont des éléments de culture et s’ils peuvent constituer des savoirs traditionnels. Cela amène l’auteure à examiner si les indications géographiques peuvent procurer aux recettes et aux plats une certaine forme de protection contre leur appropriation à l’usage exclusif d’une personne. L’auteure aborde ensuite les régimes usuels de propriété intellectuelle à l’aune de la recette et du plat de chefs ou de l’industrie. Elle examine en premier ceux de la propriété industrielle. Les recettes et les plats peuvent-ils être des marques de commerce? Peuvent-ils être des secrets de commerce? Peuvent-ils constituer des inventions brevetables? Elle se penche ensuite sur le droit d’auteur et examine si les recettes et les plats peuvent être des œuvres protégeables et s’ils se qualifieraient comme œuvres littéraires ou artistiques. Cet examen l’amène à regarder le développement de la protection des œuvres musicales pour mieux cerner les enjeux pour les recettes. Au terme de son analyse, l’auteure fait ressortir quel régime appert le plus approprié selon la nature des recettes et des pratiques des chefs et des entreprises industrielles. / Nowadays, we are surrounded by recipes; they are in books, on television, on the Web, as well as in restaurants and in industrial food businesses. This great economic and media weight naturally begs the question whether recipes can be protected under Canadian intellectual property law. The author starts by describing recipes and dishes and then examines whether traditional and family recipes and dishes are elements of culture and whether they can be considered traditional knowledge. That leads the author to consider whether geographical indications can provide recipes and dishes with some kind of protection against their appropriation by a person for his or her exclusive use. The author then examines the usual intellectual property schemes for industrial and chefs’ recipes and dishes. She starts with industrial property schemes. Can recipes and dishes act as trademarks? Can they be trade secrets? Can they be patentable inventions? She then moves on to copyright, to examine whether recipes and dishes can be copyrightable works and, if so, whether they would be literary or artistic works. That leads her to look at how musical works came to be protected in order to better understand what is at issue for recipes. The author concludes her analysis by stating which scheme seems to be the most appropriate for recipes depending on their nature and the practices of chefs and industrial businesses.

La protection juridique des idées générées par les entreprises au Canada ne répond que partiellement à leurs besoins et préoccupations. Ces idées qui se traduisent en des informations confidentielles ou des secrets commerciaux représentent une valeur économique considérable et croissante pour de nombreuses entreprises. C’est en l’absence d’une législation uniforme portant sur les secrets commerciaux en droit civil au Québec et en common law dans les autres provinces au Canada que sont créés des défis juridiques pour les entreprises. Une réponse conventionnelle à de tels défis consiste à prôner des réformes statutaires afin de renforcer le droit applicable relativement aux secrets commerciaux et leur protection. C’est précisément la solution qui a été retenue aux États-Unis avec l’adoption de législation portant sur les secrets commerciaux, telles que le Uniform Trade Secrets Act et le Defend Trade Secrets Act. L’entrée en vigueur au Canada de l’Accord Canada-États-Unis-Mexique a donné lieu à l’adoption de nouvelles dispositions criminelles, qui est en soi, une première étape vers la codification plus élargie de la protection juridique des secrets commerciaux. Ce mémoire porte, dans un premier temps, sur les notions d’informations confidentielles et de secrets commerciaux, ainsi que de l’absence de cohérence sur la nature juridique de ceux-ci. Dans un deuxième temps, ce mémoire traite des régimes de protection juridique des secrets commerciaux au Canada, tant en droit civil qu’en common law. Nous abordons comment le rapport de confiance joue un rôle déterminant sur les obligations de confidentialité à respecter en présence ou en absence d’un contrat. Par la suite, nous analysons les clauses essentielles qu’une entreprise doit prévoir dans un contrat commercial ou de travail ainsi que les mesures pratiques de sauvegarde à implanter pour contrôler la diffusion des informations confidentielles et des secrets commerciaux. / The legal protection of ideas generated by companies in Canada only partially meets their needs and concerns. Such ideas translate into confidential information or trade secrets representing considerable and growing economic value for a great number of companies. It is in the absence of uniform trade secret legislation under civil law in Quebec and common law in other provinces in Canada that legal challenges are created for companies. A conventional response to such challenges is the advocacy of statutory reforms to strengthen the applicable law with respect to trade secrets and of their protection. This is precisely the solution instituted by the United States with the adoption of trade secret legislation per the Uniform Trade Secrets Act and the Defend Trade Secrets Act. The coming into force in Canada of the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement has resulted in the adoption of new criminal provisions, which, is a first step towards the broader codification of the legal protection of trade secrets. Firstly, this masters’ thesis discusses the concept of confidential information and trade secrets, as well as the lack of consensus as to their legal nature. Secondly, the present thesis deals with the legal protection of trade secrets in Canada, under civil law and common law. We discuss the decisive role that trust occupies in the obligation of confidentiality that is to be respected in presence or absence of a contract. Subsequently, we analyze the essential clauses that a company must include in a commercial or employment agreement along with practical safeguard measures to be implemented to control the dissemination of confidential information and trade secrets.

台灣模具產業具有交期短、品質好、價格具有競爭力、製程安排彈性大等優勢，因此在高科技產業供應鍊中扮演關鍵性的角色。唯近年來，台灣許多高科技產業的外移，造成模具業產值最近連續三年呈現下降與核心技術外流，成為模具業所面臨的嚴重考驗。如何留住核心技術人才，加強研發新的關鍵技術並將研發成果取得智慧財產權相關法律保護，並以必要的組織、制度、人才、措施等妥善加以管理，已經成為模具業以及關連高科技產業必須面對的重要課題之一。 本研究以策略管理的角度切入，探討由策略前提所形成之策略，與智慧財產權管理實際運作下，對「台灣模具業及其關連高科技產業的智慧財產權管理發展現況及當前問題」提出適當建議與解決之道。 研究對象為台灣五家經營績效良好之模具業者及關連高科技業者。模具業者包含金屬沖壓、塑膠射出成型、與壓鑄模具業者；關連高科技業者則包含連接器、筆記型電腦、與行動電話業者。其中三家模具業者尚未擁有專利保護，而兩家關連高科技業者之專利保護已有相當成效。本研究主要發現如下： 一、不同的企業規模，對改善技術能力作法有其差異： （一）共同研發新技術：中小企業傾向與國內研發機構共同研發，並取得新技術之全部或部份智慧財產權或取得授權使用新技術；大型企業則傾向自行研發為主。 （二）自國外引進新技術：中小企業傾向委託財團法人或智財科技服務公司從技術先進國家引進技術；大型企業則傾向自行引進技術為主。 （三）向技術相對落後國家移轉技術方面： 1.中小企業傾向透過財團法人或智財科技服務公司之協助移轉技術，對於較單純之案件可自行為之。 2.大型企業可自行為之或採上述方法，委託專業之單位或公司為之。 3.台灣企業對大陸投資之子公司，大部分並未針對技術移轉收取權利金，僅由子公司之獲利盈餘分配取得回饋，尤以持股比例較大者最為普遍。 二、國內模具業及關連高科技產業智慧財產權管理現況為： （一）制定「營業秘密管理辦法」，規範各業務或利害關係人之營業秘密保護要項： 1.影響製造精度之技術 2.訪客參訪流程與動線 3.與供應商相關之營業秘密 4.顧客之營業秘密 5.矯正預防措施單 （二）制訂「專門技術管理辦法」，加強專門技術保護 1.規範「提案改善制度」 2.培養技術專家 3.掌握專門技術人力資源，塑造： （1）尊重專業 （2）對等報酬 （3）生涯規劃等制度完善之企業文化。 （三）專利管理制度： 1.建立提案與獎勵制度： 對創新提案、申請專利、專利核准、與達成技術移轉等階段均核發獎金，以鼓勵員工技術創新。 2.專利維護： 對專利佈局同時重質與量之提升，專利權之維護，則以成本效益為主要考量，以具市場價值者為優先申請與維護對象。 （四）技術授權考量有二： 1.視技術生命週期採行不同之授權策略，如導入與成長期採技術引進、成熟期採交互授權、衰退期技術則對外移轉。 2.以對子公司持股比例，調整技術移轉之權利金分配，持股較高則以盈餘分配取代權利金，持股較低則傾向依市場機制收取權利金。 由本研究之策略意涵得知，個案公司目前所採行之策略，均能適當地反映出其目前所處環境。如鴻海精密以綿密之專利佈局保護其技術，鉅祥、竣盟、谷崧則實施營業秘密與專門技術管理，神達機構則是專利保護與營業秘密管理兼具。 由此可知，模具業及關連高科技產業之智慧財產權管理作法具有多種不同之形式，專利保護並非模具業與關連高科技產業智慧財產權管理之唯一解答。尤其對中小企業而言，注重營業秘密與專門技術保護，塑造良好的企業文化、工作環境，設計合理對等報酬、制度完備的人力資源管理措施，亦不失為智慧財產權管理的良好解決方案之一。 目前大型之關連高科技企業非常重視智慧財產權，並已發展出一套以專利保護為主軸的管理制度。展望未來，模具業與關連高科技產業之連動性將逐漸加深，模具業者今後亦必須加快建立智慧財產權管理制度之腳步。 / Taiwan's mold & die industry plays a very important role of the supply chain for the high-tech industry around the world due to its advantages of short delivery time, good quality, competitive price and production flexibility, etc. However, in recent years, the continuing migration of the high-tech industry is resulting in production decreases and movement of core technology out of Taiwan. How should we keep the core technology, human and financial resources left in Taiwan; what can be done to strengthen research and development (R & D) on new and core technology; how can the core technology be protected by patents managed by a sever system. This is a matter of great urgency and an important issue that Taiwan’s mold & die industry and its related high-tech industry are facing. In view of the above, this study offers Taiwan's mold & die industry and its related high-tech industry some suggestions and solutions for the problems that they faced, based on their current Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) management development situation. This study was researched from the strategy management view and included five (5) outstanding mold & die manufacturers and their related high-tech companies in Taiwan. These mold & die manufacturers are in the metal stamping die, plastic injection mold and die casting mold industries; these high-tech companies are in the connectors, notebook computer and cellular phone (telecommunication) industries. Three of the companies, the mold & die manufacturers, do not hold any patents, while the other two high-tech companies are well protected by their patents. The main finding of this research is as follows: 1.The strategy of technical improvement for companies of various sizes is different: 1) R & D for new technology- Small and medium companies prefer to cooperate with other local R & D institutes in developing, researching, and obtaining full or partial intellectual property rights protection; or obtaining the rights to use the new technology (invention). On the other hand, large companies tend to do the R & D in-house. 2) Technology transfer from overseas– Small and medium companies prefer to transfer the technology from high-tech orientated countries through local R&D institutes or an IPR service provider. However, large companies prefer to transfer the new technology by themselves. 3) Technology transfer to developing countries– (1) Small and medium companies tend to transfer the technology to developing countries through local R&D institutes or IPR service provider except in the case of simple projects. (2) Large companies tend to transfer their technology out by themselves or through a professional agency. 2.The IPR management situation of Taiwan’s mold & die industry and its related high-tech industries– 1) Establish “Trade Secret Management Regulations” to prevent the following trade secrets from being disclosed: (1) Technology that will influence the accuracy of machining. (1)-1 On site know-how – Limiting the visitors touring sensitive areas. (1)-2 Trade secrets of suppliers. (1)-3 Trade secrets of customers. (1)-4 Corrective action reports. 2) Establish “ Know-how Management Regulations” to: (1) Regulate “Proposal improvement systems” (2) Train and develop technical specialists (3) Retaining knowledgeable human resources by (3)-1 Professional appreciation (respect) (3)-2 Equal award (return) (3)-3 Good and complete system, employees’ career planning and enterprise culture. 3) IPR management system: (1) Establish a proposal and reward system: Encourage employees’ technology inventions by rewarding them for their proposals, applications, and completion of technical transfer for IPR. (2) Patent protection: Consider not only the number of patents, but also the quality of patents. 4) Technology transfer policy Different policy for different technique life cycle. From this research, we realized that companies apply different strategies in response to their recent situation. For example, “Hong Hai” is applying the practice of IPR management in protecting his technology; G-Shank, Giant Union and Coxon are applying the practice of trade secret and know-how management; MiTac is applying the practice of both IPR management and trade secret management. From the above, we also realize that patent protection is not the only solution for IPR management in the mold & die industry and it’s related high-tech industries. Trade secret management and know-how protection, a good corporate culture, good business and human resource management, an improved working environment, reasonable and rewarding work are also the major solutions for IPR management. For the time being, large high-tech companies highly respect IPR and have developed a good management system, especially for patent protection. Therefore, due to the close relationship between the mold & die industry and high-tech industries, speeding up the development of IPR management becomes an urgent issue for the mold & die industry.

Face à la mutation des modalités des échanges internationaux et à l'accentuation du commerce de biens intellectuels entre entreprises de traditions différentes, des réajustements des modèles contractuels et un réordonnancement des modes de règlement des différends semblent inévitables. La nature juridique incertaine des connaissances secrètes, en Chine et dans l’Union européenne est un obstacle à la formalisation de leur transfert et par conséquent à la définit ion d’un cadre de résolution des différends adapté. Si les propositions de lois et de direct ive se multiplient pour définir cette notion et son régime, l’approche retenue est souvent limitée à la dimension délictuelle de la divulgation de la connaissance. La recherche menée, tout en tenant compte des atteintes portées au secret, se focalise principalement sur le transfert volontaire de connaissances. Pour répondre aux besoins des acteurs du commerce international, ces opérations ne peuvent plus être limitées aux seuls contrats de « communication de savoir - faire ». Si les notions de « bien intellectuel » et de « possession intellectuelle »permettent de justifier théoriquement d’autres formes contractuelles, les droits chinois et européen se réfèrent aux cessions et licences de connaissances. Ces opérations, souvent insérées dans un ensemble contractuel complexe et réalisées entre parties de cultures différentes,peuvent engendrer des différends variés. Lorsque ces différends apparaissent,le degré de confidentialité assuré devant les juridictions nationales étudiées ne permet pas de répondre aux attentes légitimes des parties. Les différences de cultures processuelles des parties et la culture chinoise du règlement amiable des différends invitent aussi à éviter le recours aux juridictions nationales. Les combinaisons entre médiat ion et arbitrage, par leur grande flexibilité procédurale, peuvent fournir un cadre de résolut ion adapté aux exigences tant économiques que culturelles des parties. Dans cet esprit, la thèse propose la mise en place d’un Règlement de M²arb avec un médiateur–expert, garant de la confidentialité du processus de résolut ion des différends. / Facing the evolution of international trade and the development of intellectual proper ty trade between companies from different backgrounds, contractual model readjustments and a reordering of dispute resolution systems seems unavoidable. The unsettled legal status of secret knowledge in China and in the EU can be an obstacle to the formalization of their transfer and therefore inhibits the definition of a suitable framework for resolving disputes. Legislators and scholars are currently debating proposals of laws and directives to elaborate this concept and its regime, but only address issues liketor t and disclosure of secret information. Legal scholarship to date has mainly been focused on the voluntary transfer of knowledge and has taken intoaccount the damage caused to secrets. To meet the needs of business operators, these operations should not be limited to "know-how communication contracts” (contrats de communication de savoir - faire). The concepts of “ intellectual good” and " intellectual ownership" theoretically justifyother types of contracts, while Chinese and European laws refer to assignment and license of trade secret . These operations, often provided for in a complexs et of contracts between parties from different cultural backgrounds, can lead to a wide variety of disputes. When disputes occur, national courts do not always provide a level of protect ion of confidential information that meets parties’ expectations. Differences in procedural cultures as well as the Chinese culture of amicable dispute settlement prevent the parties from relying on national courts. The combinations between mediation and arbitration, by their procedural flexibility, can provide a suitable dispute resolution framework taking into account economic and cultural considerations. Therefore, this thesis proposes M² arb Rules that introduce a mediator-expert with a mission of securing knowledge confidentiality during the dispute resolution process.