The intended work examines how the relationship between the unaccompanied migrants and the hosts is formed within foster care. Foster care could be defined as "long-term and repetitive contacts," where specific forms of relationship are negotiated between individual actors. I ask what activities and practices the actors make significant concerning the arrival, what ideas and imaginations on the part of the actors enter into the relationship, and how emotional rules are negotiated in a relationship. Last but not least, the work examines how the individual actors relate to the category of unaccompanied minors, that is, how this category, which has its legal definition, is negotiated. Key words: unaccompanied minors, foster care, family practices, emotional work, reflexivity

While unaccompanied music encompasses an ever increasing portion of clarinet literature, it comprises a comparatively small percentage of music performed. However, study of unaccompanied repertoire provides a valuable pedagogical bridge between etudes and accompanied music that is abundant with opportunity to address larger universal musical concepts, rather than repertoire-specific solutions. This dissertation demonstrates the application of concept-based pedagogy to selected unaccompanied clarinet repertoire of five different ability levels. Using principals of concept-based pedagogy, each work is broken down to its component technical and expressive parts in order to address larger musical concepts. Three to five exercises addressing each work's technical and expressive challenges are provided and explained.

Cette thèse cherche à comprendre comment les mineur.e.s isolé.e.s en situation de migration, arrivé.e.s sans représentant légal sur le territoire français, peuvent bénéficier de la protection de l’enfance. Arrivé.e.s sur la scène de l’évaluation de la minorité et de l’isolement, ces jeunes migrant.e.s sont soumis.e.s à une épreuve de crédibilité narrative, comportementale et physique : ils ou elles doivent dévoiler leurs récits, leurs corps et leurs expressions non verbales en restant à tout prix un « enfant » aux yeux de ceux qui les jugent. Plusieurs questions sont alors posées : comment se construit le jugement de l’âge ? comment se forment les décisions de classement entre les « vrais » et les « faux » mineurs ? comment les acteurs de la protection de l’enfance sont-ils amenés à mobiliser des arguments, critères et justifications qui mènent à des pratiques de « gestion migratoire » ? Pour étudier les pratiques du jugement dans ce contexte d’incertitude qu’est l’évaluation de la minorité et de l’isolement, je propose donc une analyse de la sphère interne institutionnelle. A partir d’une enquête de terrain réalisée entre octobre 2014 et novembre 2016, d’abord dans un lieu d’évaluation de la minorité et de l’isolement géré par l’association France terre d’asile en région parisienne, puis auprès des différents acteurs de la « distribution » de la protection dans différents départements parisiens, et enfin autour de deux campements urbains auto-gérés par des migrant.e.s, cette thèse interroge, en étudiant le « quotidien » de l’institution, la façon dont les mineur.e.s isolé.e.s sont jugé.e.s, étiqueté.e.s et sélectionné.e.s avant d’avoir accès – ou non – à la protection de l’enfance. / This research seeks to understand how unaccompanied migrant children, that have arrived on French territory without a legal guardian can access child protective services. Arrived on the stage of the assessment of age and isolation, these young migrants’ narrative, behavioral and physical credibility is tested. Through their narratives, physical and non-verbal expressions, these children must demonstrate to those who judge them that they are a “child”, at all costs. Consequently, several questions can be asked: How can age be judged? How are the decisions of classification between the "true" and "fake" minors taken? How are child protection actors brought to mobilize arguments, criteria and justifications which lead to practices of "migratory management "? To study the practices of judgment in this context of uncertainty, meaning the assessment of age and isolation, this dissertation offers an analysis of the internal workings of institutions. The field investigation was carried out between October 2014 and November 2016, firstly in a centre of evaluation of age and isolation managed by the association France terre d’asile in Paris region, then with the various actors in charge of “distributing" the protection in various Parisian departments, and finally in two urban camps that are self-managed by migrants. Based on this investigation and through the study of everyday life of the institution, this dissertation questions the way unaccompanied children are judged, labelled and selected before having access - or not - to child protection.

Background: Refugees have existed throughout human history, but in recent times it has become morecommon for children without adult company to arrive at Europe's borders. Most children who have arrived in Sweden in recent years have a background in Somalia, Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan and Eritrea. In 2015 a record number came to Sweden when 35,369 unaccompanied children arrived. During the influx of refugees between 2015 and 2016, an estimated 170,000 children and young people came to Europe's borders and applied for asylum. Aim: Describe contributing factors to mental health problems among unaccompanied refugee children. Method: The purpose of the study is answered with a literature review with a qualitative approach based on 11 scientific articles taken from PubMed and CINAHL. Results: Four themes were identified: Traumatic experiences, Migration process, Agedetermination and Gender. The predominant factors that contributed to mental health problems among the children turned out to be traumatic experiences before and during the migration as well as the protracted migration process. Conclusion: The results of this literature study showed that unaccompanied refugee children have experienced various traumatic events before and during the migration process and face adversity and difficulties in the new country. / Bakgrund: Flyktingar har funnits genom mänsklighetens historia men på senare tid har det blivit vanligare att barn utan vuxet sällskap anländer till Europas gränser. De flesta barn som har anlänt till Sverige i de senaste åren har bakgrund i Somalia, Irak, Syrien, Afghanistan och Eritrea. Under 2015 kom det rekordmånga till Sverige när det anlände 35 369 ensamkommande barn. Under flyktingströmmen mellan 2015 och 2016 kom det uppskattningsvis 170 000 barn och unga till Europasgränser och ansökte om asyl. Syfte: Beskriva faktorer som kan bidra till psykisk ohälsa bland ensamkommande barn. Metod: Studiens syfte besvaras med en litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ ansats som grundades på 11 vetenskapliga artiklar som hämtades från PubMed samt CINAHL. Resultat: Fyra teman identifierades: Traumatiska upplevelser, Migrationsprocessen, Åldersbedömning och Genus. De övervägande faktorerna som bidrog till psykisk ohälsa bland barnen visade sig vara traumatiska upplevelser innan och under migrationen samt den utdragna migrationsprocessen. Slutsats: Resultatet i denna litteraturstudie visade att ensamkommande flyktingbarn har varit med om olika traumatiska händelser innan och under migrationens gång samt bemöter motgångar och svårigheter i det nya landet. Alla dessa faktorer bidrar till högre risk för att utveckla psykiska problem.

Den oroande situationen i världen speciellt i länderna med krig tvingar barnen att lämna deras länder ensamma och hamna i ett annat land med massa svårigheter och överraskning. Det har varit brister i ensamkommande barns integration och utveckling från myndigheter och socialtjänsten, Jag har undersökt om hur ensamkommande barn upplevde deras integrationsprocess, utveckling och försörjning i Sverige. Syftet med studien är att studera hur ensamkommande barn som har kommit till Sverige efter 2015 har upplevt integrationsprocessen med fokus på socialtjänstens roll i denna process, Metod: Undersökningen gjordes genom kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjufrågor som formulerades och ställdes till fem utvalda ensamkommande barn i Borås. Intervjuerna genomfördes på Dari språk hemma hos mig, spelades in och transkriberades. Resultat: Ensamkommande barn upplevde att situationen vid anländ till Sverige både bra och överraskande. Situationen ändrades vid tiden och blev svårare när asylprocessen fördröjde, barnen fyllde 18 år som ledde till konsekvensen att barnens asylprocess påverkas negativ. Barnen fick inte tillräcklig hjälp från socialtjänsten på grund av kontakt avbrott samt brist på resurser. Barnens sociala nätverk och självförtroende hjälpte dem i fortsättning att klara sig i samhället och försörja sig. Slutsats: Ensamkommande barn fick inte den hjälp som skulle förbättra deras integrationsprocess och utveckling. Socialtjänsten istället prioriterade barnens andra behov det vill säga skolgång, boende och ekonomisk stöd. Barnen lyckades klara sig med hjälp av deras sociala nätverk, kontakter och språkkunskap. / The worrying situation in the world, especially in the countries with war forces the children to leave their countries alone and end up in another country with lots of difficulties and surprises. There have been insufficiencies in performance of social services and other authorities regarding unaccompanied children’s integration and development. I have investigated how unaccompanied children experienced their integration process, development and support in Sweden. The purpose of my research is to study the unaccompanied children who experienced the process of their integration after they came to Sweden in 2015 in accordance with the role of the social services. Metod: The survey was conducted using a qualitative method with semi. Structured interview questions that were formulated and asked to five selected unaccompanied children in Borås. The interviews were conducted in Dari language at my home, recorded and transcribed. Results: Unaccompanied children experienced that the situation on arrival in Sweden was both good and surprising. The situation changed over time and became more difficult when the asylum process was delayed, the children turned 18 which led to the consequence that the children’s asylum process was negatively affected. The children did not receive sufficient help from the social services due to contact interruptions and lack of resources which directly affected their integration process. The children’s social networks and self-confidence continued to help them survive in society and support themselves. Conclusion: The unaccompanied children did not receive the help that would improve their integration process and development. The social services instead prioritized the children’s other needs such as schooling, housing and financial support. Children managed to cope with the help of their social networks, contacts and language skills.

Part of creating relationships in a new context includes trying to understand the sexual scripts in a given discourse. Because creating sexual relationships is a part of sexual health it is, therefore, important to explore how sexual relationships are a part of the sex education curriculum for unaccompanied children and young adults. Through a critical discourse analysis the authors conclude that RFSU’s sex education curriculum includes a specific construct of the concept ‘sexual relationship’ that reveals what RFSU sees as the needs of unaccompanied children and young adults. Sexual relationships are constructed in the sex education curriculum in line with four themes: norm criticism, mutuality/consent/respect, sexual rights, and risk-emphasized education. These themes illuminate the needs that are considered when educating unaccompanied children and young adults. Additionally, the study shows that in the sex education curriculum; The creation of relationships in new contexts is not prioritized. This study also highlights how practical information about sexual scripts, may paradoxically, conflict with the anti-discriminatory and inclusive aim of RFSU’s sex education. However, the authors also conclude that the absence of concrete examples about sexual scripts in the curriculum, might prevent participants from gaining useful tools navigating their sexual relationships.

This thesis aims to study how unaccompanied asylum-seeking children navigate through the asylum systems of two European member states, Sweden and France. By using a qualitative approach, five interviews have been conducted in order to study the complex situation of three Afghan young adults, having experienced a rejection to their asylum application in Sweden and who now live in France, engaged together in solidarity work with two European civil society activists and their experiences across these questions. The method used, a narrative analysis, together with theories on citizenship, deportability, and civil society activism helps bring to light how the informants speak about their situation and perceptions of belonging and solidarity. With the European migration policies having become stricter in recent years, this study finds how asylum-seeking migrants have resisted threats of deportability and border control. With civil society activism and solidarity work playing an important role in the migrants supporting themselves, their volunteered engagement can be viewed as crucial when it comes to stepping in with help where the state response has withdrawn, leaving them in a temporary phase and position of clandestinity.

Vol. 1. Chapters 1-5 (Musical transcriptions of hymns) -- v. 2. Chapters 6-8 (Letters and documents, appendices) / by James Daniel Bagwell. / Includes musical examples and the complete musical transcriptions (conventional notation)--of unaccompanied shape-note hymns by A. Marcus Cagle, Paine Denson, S.M. Denson and T.J. Denson; most hymns with text / Typescript / M.M. Florida State University 1991 / Includes bibliographical references and indexes

Vol. 1. Chapters 1-5 (Musical transcriptions of hymns) -- v. 2. Chapters 6-8 (Letters and documents, appendices) / by James Daniel Bagwell. / Includes musical examples and the complete musical transcriptions (conventional notation)--of unaccompanied shape-note hymns by A. Marcus Cagle, Paine Denson, S.M. Denson and T.J. Denson; most hymns with text / Typescript / M.M. Florida State University 1991 / Includes bibliographical references and indexes

Between the years 2010-2015 Sweden received well over 50 000 unaccompanied minors. Many of these young migrants, who arrived without any guardian, have faced numerous adversities and challenges both prior to, and during their journeys to Sweden. After their arrival in Sweden many of the unaccompanied minors are met with new challenges and adversities such as solitude, mistrust from the majority society and adapting to new school and labor market systems. However, in the face of these new adversities, it seems like unaccompanied minors - rather than young migrants who arrived with guardians - are better equipped to overcome and thrive from the new adversities (Çelikaksoy & Wadensjö, 2019). In this research we have specifically directed our focus to those unaccompanied minors who, after their arrival in Sweden, have started their own company.   The aim for this study is therefore to explore entrepreneurship among young adults, who arrived in Sweden as unaccompanied minors. Furthermore we wish to examine how these young adults have faced imminent expectations from the majority society in Sweden and what impact entrepreneurship has had, when it comes to living up to these expectations. During the course of this study a handful of semi-structured interviews have been conducted with young adults between the ages of 20-27, who arrived in Sweden as unaccompanied minors. By using resilience and deservingness as our main theoretical approach to the collected data we come to conclusions which emphasize that entrepreneurship is a strategic trajectory for the unaccompanied minors to legitimate their intentions and prove their worth.