Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Environmental Design & Planning Program / Lee R. Skabelund / The Restorative Urban Design (RUD) calls for a new urban design and planning approach targeting environmentally responsible re/development of urbanized areas through ecologically responsive impact mitigations. If implemented in a systematic manner, such re/developments can help move urban areas toward the successful restoration of the natural environment of which they are an inseparable part. The RUD model advocates more rigorous assessment and mitigation of urban impacts by carefully evaluating the environmental performance of urban re/developments within five primary dimensions: Atmosphere (emissions, pollutants, ozone depletion); Hydrosphere (stormwater, domestic water, wastewater); Lithosphere (land use, land cover, food and wastes); Ecology (habitat resilience, biodiversity, population and resources); and Energy (renewability, reduction and efficiency, transportation). The model relies on a scenario-comparison process in order to evaluate and optimize the performance of urban re/development projections through four critical scenarios, which are respectively: 1) Natural Baseline (NBASE); 2) Historic Progression (HPROG); 3) Trajectory Forecast (TFORE); and 4) Restorative Projection (RPROJ). The RUD Case Study illustrates how the principles and strategies of Restorative Urban Design can be applied specifically to a typical (densely developed) urban area, namely River North District in Chicago Metropolitan Area. The case study focuses exclusively on mitigation of a single critical human impact on the natural environment: Anthropogenic CO₂ Emissions. The case study focuses on the design assumptions by which the restorative urban re/development scenarios might exceed beyond the full mitigation of emissions into the global remediation by 2040. The restorative projections illustrate that only a certain portion of emissions can be effectively mitigated onsite (5 to 55%), and that the remainder of projected emissions (45 to 95%) need to be mitigated offsite in order to achieve the necessary sequestration and storage. The restorative research suggests that the mitigation of major human impacts on the natural environment – not only CO₂ emissions but also other major impacts – are likely to require significant urban transformations. Moving beyond the strategies of preservation and/or conservation, the restorative approach asserts that comprehensive environmental restoration is achievable if urban impacts are adequately estimated and then entirely mitigated onsite as well as offsite through a systematic process of urban re/development.

State planning and transportation agencies continually face the escalating problem of increasing needs coupled with limited financial resources to meet those needs. In this difficult fiscal environment, the importance of meaningfully involving the public in the decisions that shape the future of our cities and regions becomes even more amplified. Proactively working with the public to gain buy-in from the early stages of the planning process is one of the most effective strategies to reduce project costs. The classic process in which state planning and transportation agencies have engaged the public is no longer an effective or efficient model as public meeting attendance has consistently decreased. As technology continues to shape the way that the public communicates with each other and their government, the onus falls on state planning and transportation agencies not only to continue to provide the traditional methods of engagement, but to look for new and innovative ways to gain increased public participation in the planning process. The traditional methods of public engagement will always be an important part of the planning process, but discovering the effectiveness of emerging technologies in order to develop new best practices for public engagement is the charge of the future. This report will evaluate whether a) online participatory planning spaces expand participation in the planning process and b) examine how evaluative metrics gathered by using online tools can inform decision makers of the utility of virtual planning spaces. This report will then present an evaluative criteria in order to establish a baseline by which to assess the performance of public involvement processes. This report will then present a case study of the Oak Hill Parkway Virtual Open House Pilot Project, a pilot study conducted in Austin, Texas to test the effectiveness of online participatory planning spaces in the field. This report will also share the results of interviews with Oak Hill Parkway Project representatives regarding the usefulness of virtual planning spaces. The report will conclude with a discussion of lessons learned and future research needs. / text

Ce mémoire s'inscrit dans la pratique de l'architecture du paysage, du design urbain et de l'urbanisme. La recherche se construit autour d'un questionnement sur le rôle des professionnels de l'aménagement dans la prise en compte des usages dans les processus de projet d'aménagement de places publiques montréalaises. Une double étude de cas et une analyse comparative permettent de voir comment se fait le passage de la programmation de la place à l’appropriation de l'espace à la faveur du travail des professionnels impliqués dans les diverses phases du projet, y compris les usages et les activités non spécifiquement prévus mais rendus possibles par la nature des aménagements réalisés. Les places Gérald-Godin (arrondissement Plateau Mont-Royal) et Simon-Valois (arrondissement Mercier-Hochelaga-Maisonneuve) ont étés choisies parce qu'elles sont situées dans des quartiers à vocation résidentielle et pour leur aménagement assez récent. Ces projets sont intéressants parce qu'ils participent à la revalorisation de leur quartier respectif et à l'apport d'espace public de qualité. Or, l'internationalisation des villes et leur marchandisation les positionnent dans un contexte de compétitivité où le renouvellement urbain est un enjeu important. Conséquemment, les principaux problèmes qui ont motive ce mémoire sont celui du renouvellement urbain, de l'identité collective et des appropriations de l'espace public. / This master's thesis is part of the practice of lanscape architecture, urban design and urban planning. The research is built around a questioning of the role of professional of these practices in consideration of uses in the process of planning of Montreal's public squares project. A double case study and comparative analysis allows to see how is the transition from programming instead the appropriation of space thanks to the work of the professionals involved in the various phases of the project, including uses and activities not specifically provided but made possible by the nature of the infrastructure development. Places Gérald- Godin (Plateau Mont-Royal's borough) and Simon-Valois (Mercier-Hochelaga-Maisonneuve's borough) have been chose because they are located in neighborhoods with residential vocation and their quite recent development. These projects are interesting because they contribute in the upgrading of their respective district and the provision of quality public space. However, the internationalization of cities and the commodification position in a competitive context where urban renewal is an important issue. Consequently, the main problems that motivates this research is that of the urban renewal, the collective identity and appropriation of public space.

Ce document s’inscrit dans la foulée des préoccupations mondiales sur le devenir des villes au XXIe siècle. Il questionne les façons de faire qui contribuent à un développement de qualité des cadres de vie des citoyens. Les processus d’idéation de type atelier et charrette sont retenus en regard de leurs valeurs mobilisatrices et consensuelles qui répondent aux principes du développement durable. La problématique posée concerne l’adaptation de leur structure de fonctionnement au contexte local dans lequel il s’applique et de leur performance à induire les résultats escomptés. Une analyse comparative de trois études de cas révèle que le processus d’idéation se singularise en fonction des modalités de communication nécessaires pour progresser dans la démarche de planification des projets et conjointement à ceci, confirme que leur performance réside en leur capacité de rassembler l’ensemble des acteurs du projet en un même lieu. À l’issue de notre étude, nous fournissons un procédurier préliminaire pour diriger la mise en œuvre de processus d’idéation localement. / This paper rejoins worldwide concerns for the future of cities in the XXlth century. It questions the practices, which contribute to the development of environmental qualities in the living environment. The collective creative efforts deployed in charrettes and workshops are considered to be relevant to the mobilization and reconciliation of values; principles necessary for sustainable development. The specific problematic concerns the adaptation of different operating structures of charrettes from one local context to another in order to insure desired outcomes. A comparative analysis of three case studies reveals that the creative processes of charrettes are adapted to the modes of communication required to advance the project planning process and confirms that their performance relies on their capacity to gather consensus in the actors concerned. Finally we supply a preliminary toolkit to help the future implementation of the charrette’s creative processes locally.

La multiplication de l’alternative d’aménagement « ville nouvelle » à proximité des métropoles au XXe siècle dans le monde, laisse a priori croire à la reproduction d’un archétype urbain, la « cité-jardin » et a posteriori, attendre une évolution vers un prototype propre au XXIe siècle. Ces postulats incitent à un approfondissement sur la forme existante et l’image reflétée : quel paysage urbain fabriqué et à fabriquer. En ce sens, cette thèse de doctorat permet d’exploiter le binôme « ville nouvelle/paysage urbain ».De l’observation à la qualification, l’analyse s’appuie sur les pratiques traditionnelles des précurseurs du townscape (lectures pittoresque et morphologique, analyse séquentielle, silhouette, inventaire urbain), par le biais d’images fixes (photographies) et d’images en mouvement (vidéo) recueillies en France, Chine, Pays-Bas, Finlande, États-Unis et Angleterre. Les composantes de l’aménagement sont développées selon quatre thématiques : le(s) centre(s) ville(s), le tissu minéral (de la mobilité), le tissu de nature, et le « tissu vertical » ou membrane architecturale. Face au constat du manque de renouvellement dans l’interprétation graphique du paysage, une représentation prenant en compte l’expérience sensible de type « carte d’identité » est encouragée. Pluridisciplinaire, achronique et internationale, notre recherche confirme l’identité conceptuelle de la « ville nouvelle métropolitaine » du XXe siècle en s’écartant de l’idée de modèle urbain ; elle reconnait au paysage ses qualités in-transposables et sa capacité de levier dans l’aménagement du territoire ; elle accentue le rôle de l’esthétique urbaine contribuant au plaisir des « villeneuviens ». / The proliferation of new towns as an alternative development near the metropolis in the 20th Century in the world, a priori suggests the reproduction of an urban archetype, the “garden city”, a posteriori a change towards a specific 21st Century prototype might be expected. These assumptions encourage a deepening of the existing form and of its reflected image: what type of townscape built and yet to be built. The present doctoral thesis enables us to take advantage of the binomial “new town/townscape”.From observation to qualification, the analysis is based on the precursors of townscape's traditional practices: picturesque survey, serial vision, skyline, urban inventory and morphological reading. The methodology operates mainly through still images (photographs) and moving images (video) collected through fieldwork in France, China, the Netherlands, Finland, the USA and England.The major components of the “metropolitan new towns” development are presented along four themes: multipolarity or town-center(s), mineral fabric or mobility weft, natural fabric and “vertical fabric” or “architectural membrane”. Considering the lack of renewal in the graphic interpretation of townscapes, a representation such as an “Identity Map”, which expresses a more sensitive experience, is proposed.This multidisciplinary, achronic and international research confirms the facial identity of the “metropolitan new town” of the 20th Century, downplaying the notion of an urban model. It recognizes in the townscape both non-transferable qualities and a leveraging potential for territorial development. It emphasizes the role of urban aesthetics in contributing to the pleasure of new town residents.

A cidade de São Paulo é planejada, projetada, construída e apropriada a partir da lógica dos \"edifícios\", em detrimento de interstícios urbanos e suas potencialidades latentes. É lançada a hipótese de que a cidade, se produzida a partir de infraestruturas intersticiais embasadas por parâmetros morfológicos, ambientais e sociais, resulta em ambientes urbanos de maior qualidade para as pessoas. O objetivo da tese é, portanto, avaliar interstícios urbanos típicos da cidade existente e, a partir disso, desenvolver, analiticamente, e aplicar, propositivamente, ferramentas e parâmetros de planejamento e desenho urbano para a construção de efetivas infraestruturas intersticiais a requalificarem a cidade, com foco em territórios com potencial de transformação urbana. O método é empírico, analítico e especulativo, articulando Trabalho de Campo, Trabalho Analítico e Trabalho Propositivo, embasados teoricamente. Enfim, a contrapelo da legislação e prática vigentes, e a partir da aplicação dos parâmetros morfológico-ambientais-sociais propostos pela tese, são especulados futuros alternativos à cidade de São Paulo, legitimando e comprovando o papel infraestrutural de interstícios urbanos na requalificação da cidade. / The city of Sao Paulo is planned, designed, built and used from the perspective of \"buildings\" to the detritment of the urban void and its latent potentialities. It is hypothesized that the city, if produced from interstitial infrastructures based on morphological, environmental and social parameters, results in higher quality urban environments for people. The aim of the thesis is therefore to evaluate typical urban interstices selected in the existing city and to evolve, analytically, and to apply, prospectively, innovative tools and parameters for urban planning and design, seeking the construction of effective interstitial infrastructures to requalify the city, with a focus on territories with potential for urban transformation. The method is empirical, analytical and speculative in the way that articulates Fieldwork, Analytical Work and Prospective Work, theoretically based. Ultimately, against the prevailing urban regulation and practice, and from the application of the morphologicalenvironmental-social parameters proposed by the thesis, alternative futures are speculated to the city of São Paulo, legitimating and proving the infrastructural role of urban interstices in the requalification of the city.

A pesquisa tem como objeto de análise os hubs de mobilidade, estações intermodais classificadas como os nós principais de uma rede de transporte público. Em função dos diversos modais articulados, são pontos privilegiados de acessibilidade e conectividade em escala local e metropolitana, superando a definição técnica e funcional exclusiva de equipamentos de transporte e posicionando-se como fortes indutores de transformações urbanas. O contexto de estudo é a metrópole de São Paulo, considerando suas problemáticas urbanas atuais e as alternativas planejadas para o sistema de transporte público. Procuramos debater as principais questões que envolvem a interação das redes de mobilidade e a urbanização na metrópole, incluindo temas como dispersão urbana, os desequilíbrios derivados da forma de expansão da área urbanizada e planos que pretendem vincular mobilidade, uso e ocupação do solo. Abordamos esses temas por meio da revisão bibliográfica, da análise de planos urbanísticos (Plano Diretor Estratégico de 2002 e 2014) e de mobilidade (Plano Integrado de Transportes Urbanos de 2020 e 2025), além de uma etapa propositiva, na qual identificamos e hierarquizamos os hubs de mobilidade da rede de alta e média capacidade planejada para São Paulo e, a partir deles, elegemos estudos de caso para o ensaio de suas áreas de influência. Elaboramos esta etapa, ademais, na tentativa de fornecer parâmetros para projeto urbano, sendo este definido, ao final, como ferramenta fundamental de atuação na realidade urbana contemporânea e de viabilização das propostas comprometidas com o adensamento urbano e a redução dos extensivos deslocamentos diários na metrópole. / The subject of this study is the mobility hubs, intermodal stations classified as the main nodes of a public transportation network. Because of the variety of transportation modes that these points articulate, they are privileged areas of accessibility and connectivity in both local and metropolitan scale, overcoming the exclusive functional and technical definition as transportation equipment and being considered powerful inductors of urban transformations. The study context is the São Paulo metropolitan area, involving its current urban issues and the alternatives planned for public transportation system. We seek to discuss key points related to the interaction between mobility networks and urbanization in the metropolis, including topics such as the urban sprawl, the instability derived from the expansion pattern of the urbanized area and plans that intends to link mobility and land use. We deal with these themes through literature review, the analysis of urban master plans (PDE 2002 and 2014) and the metropolitan mobility plans (PITU 2020 and 2025), as well as a purposeful step in which we identify and classify the mobility hubs in São Paulo planned transportation network. From this last level, we selected some case studies to investigate their influence areas. Furthermore, this step tries to provide parameters for urban design scale, which is defined at the end of the study, as an essential tool to work in the contemporary urban reality and to enable proposals compromised to the urban density intensification and the reduction of the

A pesquisa tem a ênfase em levantar, inventariar e analisar as características tipológicas de tecido urbano e a configuração produtiva imobiliária que lhes deu origem, numa cidade de médio porte que participa de uma Região Administrativa como a de Campinas. É o estudo de uma cidade díspar das regiões metropolitanas de São Paulo ou mesmo a de Campinas, entretanto constitui-se na qualidade de um aglomerado urbano numa posição destacada entre suas cidades vizinhas. Ressalta-se na dissertação de mestrado o levantamento de cidades do interior paulista, com enfoque na estruturação urbana mediante a classificação de suas vias principais de expansão e a escolha de uma via para um estudo mais aproximado, baseando-se na metodologia morfotipológica do trabalho de Campos Filho. Uma metodologia de trabalho que ainda é mais bem tratada na cidade de São Paulo em prejuizo de cidades que vêm acolhendo fluxo considerável de migrantes, inclusive provenientes da capital O estudo atua na classificação de níveis diferenciados de centralidades de comércios e serviços e como esse tecido se comporta nessas variações, lembrando que o tecido engloba tanto a tipologia arquitetônica e suas instâncias de disposição no lote e volumetrias, quanto as tipologia das vias de circulação e capacidade de suporte nos espaços de passagem de veículos e pedestres. Assim, a análise do espaço urbano de Limeira ganha relevância ao se constituir como um dos exemplos de um processo de urbanização crescente que vem atingindo e transformando diversas cidades do interior. / This paper is concerned with the issue of surveying and analyzing the typological characteristics of the urban tissue resultant from the productive real estate configuration in a medium syze city- township which is under Campinas dependency. This case study examines Limeira municipality that obviously differs from the metropolitan areas of São Paulo or even from those of Campinas, but, at the same time belongs to the last. Nonetheless, it constitutes itself as an outstanding urban agglonerate among its neighborhood. Besides an overview of hinterland towns of São Paulo State, it´s inteded to highlight the urban structure by means of classifying Limeira´s dynamics of expansion by choosing one of the major streets and classifying its different levels of commercial and service centers and, moreover, how the urban tissue performs in this variation, realizing that the tissue includes not only the architectural typology and its disposition on the lot and volumetry but also the typology of streets with their use of the public space, including the vehicles circulation. The methodology applied is based upon Campos Filho´s morpho and typological analysis. This methodology has been more accepted in larger cities like São Paulo, neglectting smaller ones which also have a considerable migratory flow from all over the country and recently from São Paulo as well. Therefore, the analysis of the urban tissue of Limeira is important to the quality of life of its inhabitants, as an example of the increasing urbanization that has been occurring and transforming a great deal of hinterlands towns in São Paulo State.

A partir da segunda metade da década de 2000, novas variáveis, de cunho ambiental, foram introduzidas nas políticas públicas que tratam da relação entre rios, várzeas e áreas urbanas na Cidade de São Paulo, resultando em uma mudança significativa na forma de entender a urbanificação dessas áreas, tanto em âmbito municipal quanto estadual. O objetivo desta tese é analisar o andamento dessas novas políticas públicas, em suas diversas escalas, dos planos aos projetos urbanos, observando as restrições e potencialidades que se apresentam ao seu desenvolvimento. É possível observar, a partir dos estudos realizados, que apesar de a abrangência das intervenções ainda ser pequena, há avanços nas políticas, o que indica que a relação estabelecida com o sistema hídrico no século passado está em processo de transformação. Contudo, permanece o caráter setorial das intervenções, resultando em ações muitas vezes incompletas, que respondem parcialmente às demandas sociais, ambientais e urbanas. Como resposta às questões colocadas pela análise, a tese sugere alguns parâmetros para o planejamento, implantação e gestão de caminhos verdes, parques lineares, ou outros espaços livres públicos em fundos de vale. / After the middle of 2000 decade a number of new environmental variables were brought into the public policies debate around rivers, riverbanks and the management of urban areas in the city of Sao Paulo. This has had a profound impact on how urbanization is perceived both at municipal and state levels. This doctorate thesis\' objective is to review the development of such policies at its multiple levels, as well as its plans and development programmes with special attention to the opportunities and shortcomings its implementation may bring. Results show that even though the scope of interventions is still narrow, there has been improvements in the way these public policies are made, which suggests a trend in the way water has been historically managed for the last century. Nevertheless, the silo approach to water management resources is still prevelent, which leads to insufficient responses to the social and environmental needs of urban development initiatives. In response to the challenge posed by this research, the thesis recommends a set of parameters for the planning, implementation and management of greenways and other public spaces on the urban river corridors.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-04-25T12:16:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FLAVIA A. A. GOUVEA NEGREIROS.pdf: 7750202 bytes, checksum: 72f144994e6357ef52e3ee2aa4f52dbf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-25T12:16:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FLAVIA A. A. GOUVEA NEGREIROS.pdf: 7750202 bytes, checksum: 72f144994e6357ef52e3ee2aa4f52dbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Throughout the 20th century, the city center of Campinas was object of interventions that affected its mobility conditions, causing trouble to the pedestrian when prioritizing the car mobility. This dissertation discusses the problem of pedestrian mobility planning in Brazilian cities, more precisely in the city center of Campinas, area of the biggest urban pedestrian flow in the city. In addition, tries to understand the specificity of the urban drawing for pedestrian mobility in central contemporary areas to find ways to improve the public space for the pedestrian. In order to understand these impacts and the challenges for the recovery of public space for pedestrians, this dissertation presents the main transformations of the neighborhood and analyzes it based on theorists such as Jacobs (1961), Lynch (1960), (Gehl), Lamas (1993;2007). To do so, the panorama of urban mobility planning in Brazil, the legal frameworks and the technical discussion are investigated. In the case of Campinas, urban mobility interventions are not yet fully implemented. In order of this change of scenery to take place satisfactorily, planning must be carried out according to the functionality needs, comfort and safety of pedestrians, so the development of the city and the neighborhood must collaborate to serve the small scale, in which can occur the relation between man and space. / Ao longo do s?culo XX, o Centro de Campinas foi objeto de interven??es que impactaram as condi??es de mobilidade, acarretando preju?zos para o pedestre ao priorizar o autom?vel nos deslocamentos. O objetivo dessa pesquisa ? discutir a problem?tica do planejamento da mobilidade peatonal nas cidades brasileiras, mais precisamente do Centro de Campinas, local de maior fluxo peatonal urbano da cidade. Al?m disso, busca compreender a especificidade do desenho urbano para mobilidade peatonal em ?reas centrais contempor?neas para encontrar caminhos poss?veis para a qualifica??o dos espa?os p?blicos para o pedestre. Para compreender estes impactos e os desafios para a recupera??o do espa?o p?blico para os pedestres, a presente disserta??o apresenta as principais transforma??es desta ?rea central e analisa a realidade cotidiana local ? luz de te?ricos, tais como Jacobs (1961), Lynch (1960), Gehl (2013), Lamas (1993;2007). Para tanto, s?o investigados o panorama do planejamento da mobilidade urbana no Brasil, os marcos legais e os aspectos t?cnicos. No caso de Campinas, as interven??es urban?sticas de mobilidade ainda n?o s?o aplicadas de forma integral. Para que esta mudan?a de cen?rio aconte?a de modo satisfat?rio, o planejamento deve ser realizado de acordo com as necessidades de funcionalidade, conforto e seguran?a dos pedestres e, para isso, o desenvolvimento da cidade e do bairro devem colaborar para o atendimento da pequena escala, local em que ocorre a rela??o direta do homem com o espa?o.