La recherche du premier chapitre de ce mémoire a été menée en collaboration avec les co-chercheurs suivants: Catherine Olivier et Michel Bergeron. / Ce mémoire examine plusieurs questions d'éthique auxquelles font face les chercheurs universitaires en ce qui concerne la valorisation (le partage, la réutilisation et la commercialisation) des bases de données et des banques de matériel. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons les résultats d'une étude qualitative du point de vue de vingt deux chercheurs à l'Université de Montréal, qui révèle les nombreuses limitations à la valorisation, y compris le manque de ressources, le consentement à la recherche, la confidentialité des participants ou patients et la compétition entre chercheurs. Malgré ces limitations, le partage de bases et de banques est la forme de valorisation la plus acceptée par les chercheurs à l’Université de Montréal. De plus, ce partage est préconisé dans la documentation scientifique comme un idéal de la science. Dans un deuxième temps, nous démontrons que si le partage de bases et de banques est primae facie une norme éthique généralement acceptée, les limitations à cette norme devraient être davantage comprises et justifiées. Pour ce faire, nous présentons une analyse des limitations principales du partage des bases et des banques qui révèle que la plupart de ces limitations sont causées par des manquements à l’intégrité de la recherche (manque de collégialité ou de confiance). Dans un troisième temps, nous terminons en proposant des recommandations et des pistes de réflexion afin de susciter un plus grand partage éthique des bases de données et des banques de matériel tout en respectant certaines contraintes justifiables. / This master’s thesis focuses principally on the ethical issues faced by university researchers in the valorization (sharing, reuse and commercialization) of databases and material banks. First, I present the results of a qualitative study on the perceptions of 22 researchers at the Université de Montréal regarding various limitations to valorization, including the lack of resources, consent processes, participant confidentiality and competition between researchers. Despite these shortcomings, the sharing of databases and material banks is the mode of valorization most accepted by researchers at the University of Montreal. This sharing is advocated in the scientific literature as an ideal or norm of science. Second, I argue that if such sharing is prima facie ethical and beneficial, then practices which would limit sharing should be better understood and justified. I present an analysis of the main limitations to sharing which reveals that instances of a lack of integrity in research (that undermine collegiality or trust) are at the root of many of these limitations. Third, I conclude with reflections and general recommendations to achieve greater ethical sharing while still acknowledging the existence of certain justifiable constraints.

Les travaux présentés ont pour objectif la valorisation de déchets industriels riches en carbonates pour la préparation de gels phosphocalciques. Ces gels sont destinés à des applications environnementales. Leur synthèse est basée sur la réaction des carbonates de calcium avec une solution de phosphates solubles à température ambiante et à pression atmosphérique. Le procédé élaboré à l’échelle laboratoire consiste à additionner les réactifs en variant les paramètres expérimentaux tels que le Ca/P, la température et la dilution. Cette méthode a été utilisée pour la synthèse de gels à partir de deux types de déchets industriels. Une synthèse de référence a été définie à base de carbonates de calcium purs. Dans la première partie de ce travail, une caractérisation physico-chimique et thermique des poudres synthétisées a été réalisée par différentes techniques telles que le Microscopie Electronique à Balayage (MEB), la diffraction des rayons X (XRD), la spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (FTIR) et la thermogravimétrie. Les résultats obtenus ont montré la formation de précurseurs de Ca-HAp qui évoluent de phosphates de calcium monocalciques à des particules de Ca-HAp amorphe. Une chronologie de cette évolution a été mise en évidence pour les carbonates de calcium purs et confirmée pour les carbonates de calcium issus des déchets industriels. La transformation des carbonates de calcium a été étudiée en réalisant un bilan massique basé sur la consommation des carbonates de calcium. Ce bilan, réalisé à température ambiante, a confirmé un taux de conversion à plus de 90% pour les carbonates de calcium purs, jusqu’à 70% des carbonates issus du premier type de déchet et 50% des carbonates correspondant au deuxième type de déchet. L’influence de certains paramètres expérimentaux s’est avérée primordiale pour l’amélioration de ce taux de conversion et particulièrement l’augmentation de la température. Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail, les propriétés rhéologiques des gels phosphocalciques ont été étudiées. Le suivi de la viscosité et des caractéristiques élastiques a permis de mettre en évidence la formation d’un gel viscoélastique qui pourrait présenter de nombreux avantages dans des applications environnementales. / The aim of this research was the valorization of industrial wastes rich in carbonates to prepare calcium phosphate gels for environmental applications. The phosphocalcic gel was prepared by precipitation from calcium carbonate industrial waste and a phosphate solution. The process consisted in mixing the reagents under a set of variable parameters (pH, Ca / P, temperature, dilution) to study the influence of each parameter on the conversion rate and the adsorption properties of the synthetized material. A reference hydroxyapatite was prepared following the same procedure with a commercial carbonate grade (98% wt), in order to compare with the waste-made hydroxyapatite. The characterization and chemical analysis of synthetized hydroxyapatites were carried out by means of rheology, particle size, Scanning Electron Microscopy, BET, ThermoGravimetric Analysis – Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X Ray Diffraction and Infrared spectroscopy (Fourrier Transformation Infra Red) analysis. The results obtained led to find out the chronology of the carbonates conversion into Ca-Hap precursors and particles of amorphous Ca-HAp. The kinetics show that the conversion rate is about 90% (wt) for pure CaCO3, 70% for the first waste and 50% for the second waste. Monitoring the viscosity and elastic properties has allowed us to demonstrate the formation of a viscoelastic gel. The synthesis of an elastic gel of calcium phosphate using CaCO3 waste seems to be a promising way to transform calcium residues into a valuable sorbent. Valorization of this gel in environmental applications for pollution remediation seems to be an advantageous perspective.

Poucas regiões na cidade de São Paulo foram tão freqüentemente objeto de projetos como a Luz nas últimas décadas, e só este fato já é um indicador de sua importância no contexto metropolitano. Entretanto, mesmo contando com estudos específicos desde a década de 70, parece que a recuperação das partes degradadas do diversificado tecido urbano que a caracteriza começou a se concretizar só nos anos recentes, em vista do destaque dado aos projetos de reabilitação urbana no discurso do planejamento estratégico, num cenário de competitividade econômica mundial. Neste sentido, os projetos para a região na última década, seguem motivações que vão muito além do restauro e conservação de edifícios monumentais, tanto pela evolução do conceito de patrimônio histórico quanto pela importância da reintegração desta área à dinâmica produtiva da cidade. O Projeto de Revitalização do Conjunto Histórico da Luz, do Programa Monumenta, em vigência, faz parte de um programa nacional resultante do contrato de empréstimo entre o Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento BID e o Governo Federal. Ao longo da investigação verificou-se que esta instituição de fomento não se limita apenas ao financiamento, mas também direciona a formulação dos projetos com metodologias de intervenção específicas aplicadas a todos os países latino-americanos que recebem recursos para reabilitação de suas cidades. Isto se torna evidente na análise dos casos de Quito e São Paulo (Luz), sendo o primeiro, modelo para implementação do segundo. Os projetos apostam em intervenções pontuais, mas de grande impacto, capazes de desencadear um processo de valorização imobiliária que crie condições favoráveis para a participação da iniciativa privada, considerada imprescindível para a manutenção dos bens após a intervenção. Desta forma, os programas do BID reforçam e incentivam modelos de intervenção urbana onde as políticas públicas se mantêm indiferentes às demandas sociais e assumem como prioridade o favorecimento de interesses particulares, prática bastante conhecida ao longo da história da produção do espaço urbano da cidade de São Paulo. / Few stretches in the city of São Paulo were so frequently the object of projects as the Luz area in the last decades, and this is in itself an indicator of its importance in the metropolitan context. However, despite the specific studies since the 70\'s, the \"deteriorated\" patches within the diversified urban fabric that characterizes the territory, seem to be recovering only in recent years, in view of the prominence given to urban renovation projects by the speech for strategic planning in a global scenario prone towards economical competitiveness. In this sense, the projects for the area in the last decade, follow motivations that go way beyond the renovation and preservation of monumental buildings, resulting as much from the evolution of the historical patromony concept as from the importance of reintegrating the area to the city\'s productive dynamics. The Luz Historical Compound Renovation Project, in the Monumenta Program, now in force, is part of a national program resulting from a loan contract between the Inter-American Development Bank - IDB and the Federal Government. Throughout the investigation it was verified that this fomentation institution doesn\'t just limit itself to the financing, but it also directs the projects formulation, applying specific intervention methodologies in all Latin-American countries that receive resources for their cities rehabilitation. This becomes evident in Quito and São Paulo, while the first a \"model\" for the second. The projects bet on punctual, but high-impact, interventions, capable of unleashing a process of real-estate valorization that creates favorable conditions for the participation of private companies, considered indispensable for the asset maintenance after the intervention. Thus, the BID programs strengthen and motivate urban intervention models where public policies are indifferent to the social demands and assume as a priority the support of private interests, a known practice along the history of São Paulos urban space production.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a evolução recente do direito urbanístico no Brasil diante das transformações políticas e econômicas vivenciadas no mundo contemporâneo. Tomando-se como pressuposto a hipótese de Lefebvre de que a cidade se tornou um foco central para a reprodução das relações sociais de produção, argumenta-se que esse ramo do direito público exerce um papel crucial na presente fase do capitalismo,fornecendo bases regulatórias para a proliferação de novas atividades econômicas relacionadas à produção do espaço urbano e estabelecendo novos mecanismos de articulação entre o Estado e a iniciativa privada. O estudo busca mostrar a influência exercida por formulações teóricas que representam a cidade em sua dinâmica concreta. A partir da observação de algumas intervenções urbanísticas de grande porte que vêm sendo promovidas na cidade de São Paulo, busca-se evidenciar a generalização de modelos de política urbana inspirados em formulações discursivas como o planejamento estratégico e a cidade global. A pesquisa traz também uma reflexão sobre o papel exercido por discursos críticos e projetos políticos alternativos como o chamado direito à cidade. Busca-se avaliar o potencial transformador carregado por este conceito, bem como suas limitações. Por fim, pretende-se explicitar o caráter contraditório do direito urbanístico, apontando-se os diferentes interesses e aspirações políticas expressos nesse campo normativo. / This work analyzes the influence of contemporary political and economic transformations on urban law in Brazil. Departing from Lefebvres hypothesis that the city has become a central focus for the reproduction of the social relations of production, it is argued here that this branch of public law plays a crucial role in this phase of capitalism, providing the regulatory basis for the emergence of new economic activities related to urban space production and also establishing new kinds of partnership between the state and private agents. This work shows the connections between the theoretical conceptions of the city and its concrete dimension. Departing from the observation of some major urban intervention programs that take place at São Paulo city, it highlights the spread of models of urban policy inspired by discursive formulations like strategic planning and global cities. The work also investigates the role of some critical discourses and alternative political projects like the so called right to the city. It tries do find out in which way these factors can contribute to change life in cities, as well as their limitations. Finally, it aims at explaining the contradictory roles played by urban law, pointing out the different interests and political aspirations behind it.

La présente recherche vise à cerner et définir le concept de valorisation appliqué aux biens publics en s’appuyant sur son double fondement, le droit de propriété et le bon usage des deniers publics. Ce concept repose sur deux composantes, l’exploitation et la cession, qui permettent de mettre en lumière les multiples formes de la valorisation : économique, sociale, environnementale. Ces manifestations de la valorisation renouvellent l’analyse afin de mieux comprendre l’enjeu de la réforme du droit des biens publics, la manière dont la valorisation a influencé ce droit et les évolutions à venir. Ainsi, le rapprochement des régimes domaniaux a permis d’assouplir et de moderniser les outils de valorisation et les principes juridiques régissant le domaine public. Ce rapprochement devrait aboutir à une unification de la compétence juridictionnelle au profit du juge administratif. Par ailleurs, sous l’impulsion de la valorisation, de nouvelles obligations s’imposent aux propriétaires publics : mise en concurrence des occupations domaniales, inventaire des biens, valorisation d’avenir. / This research aims to identify and define the concept of valorization applied to public properties based on its double foundation, the right to property and the proper use of public funds. This concept is based on two components, exploitation and disposal, which highlight the multiple forms of valorization : economic, social, environmental. These valorisation events renew the analysis in order to better understand the stake of the reform of the law of the public properties, the way in which the valorization has influenced this right and the evolutions to come. Thus, the approximation of state regimes has made it possible to soften and modernize valorization tools and the legal principles governing the public domain. This rapprochement should lead to a unification of jurisdiction for the benefit of the administrative judge. In addition, under the impetus of the valorization, new obligations are imposed on the public owners : competition of the public occupations, inventory of the properties, valorization of the future.

Esta dissertação analisa a técnica de julgamento de recursos repetitivos pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) e Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) técnica de julgamento por amostragem , instituída no direito brasileiro pelas Leis federais ns. 11.418/2006 e 11.672/2008, que respectivamente incluíram no Código de Processo Civil os artigos 543-B e 543-C. Na primeira parte do trabalho, são abordados temas correlatos, relativos à tendência de valorização da jurisprudência no direito brasileiro, bem como às funções, importância e admissibilidade dos recursos extraordinários e especiais. Na segunda parte, são analisadas as justificativas de criação da técnica, relacionadas ao equacionamento do problema do excesso de recursos repetitivos no STF e no STJ. Além disso, são traçados os aspectos gerais do instituto, analisando-se a sua inspiração em procedimentos de julgamento por amostragem do direito estrangeiro, a sua caracterização como técnica de ampliação da eficácia persuasiva dos precedentes do STF e do STJ e suas diferenças e semelhanças com a repercussão geral. São também enfrentadas as questões relativas à constitucionalidade do julgamento por amostragem, apresentando-se um olhar crítico sobre a jurisprudência do STF e do STJ, que vêm interpretando suas regras de forma excessivamente restritiva ao direito das partes. A terceira e última parte é dedicada ao exame do funcionamento da técnica de julgamento de recursos repetitivos, enfrentando-se as diversas questões relativas às várias fases de seu procedimento, tais como os requisitos para instauração, competência, sobrestamento de recursos repetitivos, participação de terceiros e efeitos do julgamento. São também analisados os resultados práticos, principalmente à luz das estatísticas do STF e STJ, após a sua positivação, bem como as modificações previstas na versão atual do projeto de novo CPC. Trata-se de um legítimo e eficiente instrumento de potencialização dos precedentes do STF e do STJ que, sem prejuízo de necessários aperfeiçoamentos, bem como da sua adequada interpretação e aplicação à luz dos princípios constitucionais, mostra-se teoricamente adequado para conciliar a atual realidade dos problemas gerados pelos recursos repetitivos com a verdadeira função dos recursos excepcionais, de proteção e unificação do direito federal constitucional e infraconstitucional. / This Masters Dissertation analyzes the technical of judgment of recursos repetitivos [repetitive appeals, as a free translation] by Superior Court of Justice (STJ) and Federal Supreme Court (STF) technical of julgamento por amostragem [judgment by sampling, as a free translation] established in Brazilian legal system by the Brazilian Federal Laws Ns. 11.418/2006 and 11.672/2008, which respectively included in the Code of Civil Procedure the Articles 543-B and 543-C. In the first part of this work, correlated themes are addressed, related to the trend of appreciation of the jurisprudence in Brazilian law, as well as the functions, importance and acceptability of extraordinary and special appeals. In the second part, this work analyzes the reasons for the creation of the technique related to solution of the problem of excessive repetitive appeals on Federal Supreme Court (STF) and Superior Court of Justice (STJ). Furthermore, the general aspects on this matter are plotted by the analyze of its inspiration in trial procedures by sampling of foreign law, its characterization as a technique of enlargement of the persuasive effectiveness of precedents of Supreme Court (STF) and of Superior Court of Justice (STJ) and its differences and similarities with the repercussão geral [general impact, as a free translation]. This work also challenges the questions related to the constitutionality of the judgment by sampling presenting a critical vision at the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court (STF) and of Superior Court of Justice (STJ) that have been interpreting the rules of the judgment by sampling excessively restrictive to the right of the parties. The third and last part of this work deals with the examination of the operation of the technique of repetitive appeals trial, facing up of several questions relating to the various stages of its procedure, such as conditions of filing, jurisdiction, halting of repetitive appeals, third parties participation and effects of the judgment. This work also analyzes the practical results, particularly in light of the statistics of Supreme Court (STF) and of Superior Court of Justice (STJ), after the legalization of the repetitive appeals as well as the changes planned in the current draft version of the new CPC. It is a legitimate and efficient instrument of potentiation of the precedents of the STF and STJ, which, notwithstanding necessary improvements, as well as their adequate interpretation and application in the light of the constitutional principles proves to be adequate to conciliate the current reality of the problems caused by repetitive appeals with the true function of the of exceptional appeals, to protect and to unify the constitutional and infra-constitutional federal law.

O presente trabalho objetiva estudar sobretudo a valorização dos precedentes no processo civil brasileiro, com especial atenção para os mecanismos indutores da criação de precedentes, observando se há benefícios para a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. São traçados breves contornos do que constitui um precedente judicial, da ratio decidendi e dos obiter dicta, dos precedentes verticais e horizontais, bem como da classificação das normas segunda sua abstração e generalidade e, por fim, da teoria econômica dos precedentes. Depois, se estudam os principais mecanismos de valorização dos precedentes encontrados no processo civil brasileiro vigente, sobretudo no Código de Processo Civil de 1973 (CPC-73). A seguir, a valorização dos precedentes é estudada do ponto de vista dos conflitos repetitivos, a relação entre demandas que veiculam questões repetitivas, e como isso afeta a indução da criação de precedentes. Ao final, estuda-se com maior atenção o incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas, previsto no Anteprojeto de Novo Código de Processo Civil, sua origem, institutos similares de outros países e, ainda, eventuais dificuldades ou sugestões de alteração indicadas pelo direito comparado. Conclui-se o trabalho, então, tecendo-se alguns comentários a respeito de como as técnicas de valorização dos precedentes, que induzem a criação de precedentes (como o incidente estudado) poderiam melhor atender ao fim colimado, que é a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional / This work aims mainly at the study of the valorization of precedents in Brazilian civil procedure, with special attention to the precedent creation mechanisms, observing if there are benefits for a more effective adjudication (in lieu of the scopes of the jurisdiction). We streamline the main contours of a judicial precedent, its ratio decidendi and obiter dictum, the vertical and horizontal precedents, as well as the classifcation of legal rules according to their abstraction and generality and, at last, the economical theory of precedents. Then, we study the main mechanisms of valorizing precedents in Brazilian civil procedure in force, especially in the Civil Procedure Code of 1973 (CPC-73). Following that line of thought, the valorization of precedents is seen from the viewpoint of the repetitive litigation, the relation between repetitive lawsuits, and then how it afects the inducement of precedent creation. Afterwards, the attention is focused on the to-be-created incident of resolution of repetitive lawsuits (as of the Draft of New Brazilian Civil Procedure Code), its origins, similar mechanisms of other countries, and possible difficulties or recommendations inspired by the foreign law for amendment of the draft. Lastly, the work is closed by shedding some light on how the techniques for valorization of precedents could better serve the aim collimated, which is the effectiveness of jurisdictional protection.

L'objectif est la valorisation de biomolécules issues des eaux du procédé thermomécanique de fabrication de pâte à papier. La séparation des familles de biomolécules doit permettre de générer plusieurs fractions ayant un intérêt pour l'industrie cosmétique et phytosanitaire. Les terpènes, hémicelluloses, lignine et lignanes ont été identifiés dans ces eaux. Cependant, le choix s'est porté sur la valorisation de la lignine et des lignanes pour des raisons de sélectivité et de valeur ajoutée. La flottation et la filtration par membrane 150 kDa permettent d'effectuer une clarification par élimination de 100% des terpènes et de 59% des hémicelluloses. Le fractionnement de la lignine et des lignanes est effectué avec des membranes de 1 kDa et 300Da à pH 4 pour obtenir deux rétentats contenant respectivement 96% de lignine et 58% de lignanes par rapport aux polyphénols totaux. Une étude technico-économique de faisabilité de la filière de séparation est réalisée à l'échelle semi-industrielle . / This thesis work is part of a dynamic industrial ecology around the paper industry. The objective is the valorization of biomolecules coming from thermomechanical process waters of manufacture of paper pulp. The separation of biomolecule's families must allow generate several fractions having an interest for cosmetic and phytosanitary industry. Terpenes, hemicelluloses, lignin and lignans have been identified in these waters. However, the choice has worn on the valorization of lignin and lignans for reasons of selectivity and added value. Flotation and 150 kDa membrane filtration allow for clarification by removal of 100% of terpenes and 59% of hemicelluloses. Fractionation of the lignin and lignans is carried out with membranes of 1 kDa and 300 Da at pH 4 to obtain two retentates containing respectively 96% of lignin and 58% of lignans relative to the total polyphenols. A technical-economic study of feasibility of separation process is carried out on semi-industrial scale.

No Rio de Janeiro, o processo de produção do espaço urbano para a realização de megaeventos encontra as favelas no meio do caminho. A construção das infraestruturas urbanas pelos capitalistas se dá na forma de intervenções do Estado no espaço, produzindo valorização e favelas são valorizadas nesse movimento. O Estado se organizou para removêlas do caminho em algumas áreas da cidade (zona norte e zona oeste) ou valorizá-las diferencialmente em outras (na zona sul). O processo de valorização implica em, do ponto de vista do capital, liberar e incorporar terras para que o setor imobiliário possa se realizar. Assim, a favela aparece nesse movimento como uma fronteira da valorização. O objetivo da pesquisa é descobrir o lugar das favelas no processo de (re)produção do espaço no Rio de Janeiro. Há, de um lado, novos processos de mercadorização da cidade e, de outro, novos padrões de relação entre o Estado e os agentes econômicos e sociais, caracterizados pela exceção e pelo autoritarismo via militarização. O processo de pacificação de favelas se realiza por meio da militarização do espaço, atraindo a instalação de novas atividades econômicas formais reguladas pelo mercado, o estímulo ao turismo nas favelas, o fomento ao empreendedorismo e exploração comercial da cultura popular, a formalização tendencial de um mercado imobiliário com preços de aluguel e compra/venda inflacionados devido à especulação, etc. Algumas favelas da zona sul do Rio de Janeiro estão sendo transformadas em mercadorias dentro de um processo de valorização do espaço, produzindo expropriação de moradores em direção a outras áreas da cidade e a turistificação desses recortes. Nesta investigação, a valorização de determinados espaços periféricos se apresenta como novo negócio na urbanização contemporânea, superação da fronteira urbana e (re)produção da centralidade. Esse processo de valorização do espaço de favelas em um determinado eixo da cidade está relacionado às transformações decorrentes das intervenções promovidas a propósito de megaeventos, nova estratégia para a reprodução de metrópoles colocadas à venda no mercado mundial. / In Rio de Janeiro, production of urban space for the realization of mega events finds the favelas along the way. The construction of urban infrastructure by capitalists is showed up in the form of state interventions on space, producing valorization, and favelas are valued in this movement. Removal of favelas has been engineered by State expelling them from the valorization axis in some areas of the city (north zone and west zone) or valuing them differentially in another (south zone) in order to release and incorporate land for real estate. In the wake of this movement, favelas are considered as a frontier for valorization. Our principle goal is to find which is the position of favelas in the process of (re)production of space in Rio de Janeiro. There is, on the one hand, a transformation of the city in a commodity and, on the other, new patterns of relationship between State and economic and social agents, characterized by exception and authoritarianism. The process of pacification of favelas is carried out through the militarization of space, attracting the new formal economic activities regulated by market, stimulating tourism in favelas, fostering entrepreneurship and commercial exploitation of popular culture, the tendency to legitimation of a real estate market in favelas with rental and buy/sell prices inflated due to speculation, etc. Some favelas of Rio de Janeiros south zone are being turned into goods within a process of spatial valorization, producing expropriation of residents toward other areas of the city and touristification on these places. In this research, valorization of specific outskirts areas shows up as new business in contemporary urbanization, overcoming the urban frontier and (re)producing the centrality. This process of valorization of favelas on a specific city axis is related to changes resulting from interventions promoted in connection with mega events, a new strategy for reproduction of metropolises for sale on the world market.

La question de la préservation et de la pérennisation du patrimoine documentaire des archives et des bibliothèques a toujours été au centre des préoccupations et des débats des professionnels en information-documention et intéresse maintenant de plus en plus les usagers. Ceci est lié à l’importance que nos sociétés attachent à l’histoire et à la mémoire. Ce retour vers le passé n’est souvent possible que si la preuve qui l’incarne (en l’occurrence les archives) est bien conservée et valorisée. La numérisation a ouvert de nouvelles perspectives pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine, surtout dans le contexte des pays du Sud où les conditions de conservation font défaut en raison d’un climat tropical défavorable et de moyens infrastructurels et matériels qui manquent souvent. Les solutions offertes par la numérisation pour la sauvegarde, la pérennisation et l’accès au patrimoine documentaire sont certes satisfaisantes, mais ne donnent pas toutes les garanties surtout quand il s’agit des documents historiques fragiles et précieux comme les fonds d’archives de l’esclavage et de la colonisation. [etc.] / The question of preservation and perennisation of documentary heritage of archives libraries has always been the mains worries and debates of professionals of information-documentation and now more than ever interests users. This is in line with the importance societies give to History and Memory. This return to the past is only possible if the relevant prove (mainly archives) is well kept and given value. Digitalization opened new ways to save the heritage, especially in the context of Southern countries where the conditions of conservation are challenging due to unfavorable tropical climate and due to the fact that infrastructure and material means are often lacking. The solutions offered by digitalization for the saving, perennisation and the access to documentary heritage are somewhat satisfactory, but they do not give all guaranties especially for the fragile and precious historical documents like the master copies of archives on slavery and colonization. [etc.]