Många människors liv förändrades när coronapandemin drabbade hela världen. I Sverige uppmanades arbetsgivare och anställda att arbeta hemifrån om det fanns möjlighet till det. Distansarbete innefattar ett flertal negativa aspekter som kan påverka människors mående, bland annat bristen på social interaktion, avsaknad av hjälpmedel samt bristfälliga arbetsytor i hemmet. Flera tidigare studier visar att minskningen av sociala kontakter påverkar medarbetares mående både fysiskt och psykiskt. Det har även visat sig uppstå arbetsmiljöproblem i samband med att gränsen mellan människors arbetsliv och privatliv suddats ut. Samtidigt har distansarbete visat sig ha en positiv påverkan på medarbetares produktivitet då det innebär färre störningsmoment och därmed mer arbetsro, förutsatt att medarbetaren har förmågan att självständigt utföra sina arbetsuppgifter.  Syftet med den här kvalitativa studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som huvudsakligen påverkar medarbetares mående under distansarbete kopplat till vilken livssituation individen befinner sig i. För att undersöka hur distansarbetet har påverkat människor i olika livsstadier har vi genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer med respondenter som befinner sig i tre olika stadier i livet. Studien stöds av tidigare forskning om distansarbete, kommunikation, fysisk och psykosocial arbetsmiljö samt balansen mellan arbetsliv och privatliv. Den teoretiska bakgrunden har använts som utgångspunkt och har sedan analyserats och jämförts med resultatet av denna studie. Resultatet av studien visar att den största skillnaden mellan respondenterna ur de tre jämförda grupperna handlar om den fysiska arbetsmiljön i hemmet. Det finns en tydlig koppling mellan vilket stadie i livet individen befinner sig i och storlek på bostad. De respondenter som har varit i arbetslivet länge har tillgång till eget arbetsrum hemma i större utsträckning än de som är i början av karriären. Ju mer erfarenhet respondenterna har, desto lättare har de att finna en balans mellan arbetsliv och privatliv. De har exempelvis lättare att avskärma sig från arbetet i slutet av dagen än de med mindre erfarenhet. Resultatet av studien visar även att det finns många likheter mellan de olika grupperna när det gäller fördelarna med distansarbete. Det finns en gemensam uppfattning om att friheten att själv få styra över sin arbetstid har en positiv effekt på välbefinnandet. Resultatet av studien indikerar att det kommer att ställas högre krav på arbetsgivare i framtiden gällande möjligheten att arbeta – på kontoret, hemifrån eller i form av en hybridlösning. Dessa nya krav beror på de fördelar som distansarbete respektive kontorsarbete medför. Samtliga respondenter i studien är eniga om att en kombination av dessa fördelar är den optimala lösningen i framtiden. / Many people’s lives changed when the Corona pandemic affected the entire world. In Sweden employers and employees were urged to work from home if possible. Remote work includes a number of negative aspects that may affect people’s well-being, including the need for social interaction, the lack of equipment, and an inadequate workspace at home. Several previous studies show that the reduction in social contacts affects employees’ well-being physically and psychologically. Studies also show that work environment issues arise when the line between work and private life is blurred out. At the same time, remote working has shown a positive impact on the employee’s productivity with fewer disruptions and thus more peace of mind, provided that the employees have the capability to independently perform their tasks.  The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate the factors which mainly affect the employee’s well-being during remote working linked to the situation of their life. In order to investigate how teleworking has affected people in different stages of life, we conducted semi-structured interviews with participants in three different life situations. The study is backed by previous research on remote work, communication, physical and psychological work environment, and the balance between work and private life. The theoretical background has been used as a starting point. It has then been analyzed and compared to the results of this study.  The results of this study show that the most distinctive difference between the participants in the three compared groups is regarding the physical work environment at home. There is a clear connection between the stage of life and the size of the home of an individual. Participants with a long career have access to workspace at home to a greater extent than those at the beginning of their careers. Participants with a longer career tend to be better at finding the balance between work and private life. For instance, they are better at finishing work on time at the end of the day compared to the less experienced participants. The results of the study also show that there are many similarities between the different groups regarding the benefits of remote working. There is a common opinion that the ability to manage your working hours has a positive effect on your well-being. The results of the study indicate that higher demands will be placed on employers in the future regarding the possibility of working – at the office, from home, or in a hybrid solution. These demands are based on the advantages of remote work and working at the office respectively. All of the participants in this study agree that a combination is an optimal solution in the future.

In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, organizations across the world have been forced to move operations into the homes of its employees. This shift has dramatically changed the individual workplace contexts that employees are subject to, raising questions about which effects this will have on employee motivation. As levels of motivation relates to both productivity and well-being of individuals, it is critical that organizations know how motivation can be facilitated in a remote working (or “teleworking”) context so as to safekeep the productivity and well-being of their employees. Through semi-structured interviews, this study gathers the opinions and experiences of employees from five different companies in knowledge intensive sectors. Analysing this material we constructed seven recurring themes that were related to motivation. Viewing these themes through a theoretical framework based on previous studies of remote working, the Job Demands-Resources Model, and Self-Determination Theory we conclude that teleworking affects motivation in the areas of lacking social interaction, the level of informational transparency in the organization, challenges to work-life balance, a responsibility shift between managers and employees, troubles reaching out for support, digital meetings, and perceptions of learning. We conclude the study by providing managers and employees with lists of practical guidelines that can help them facilitate motivation in the teleworking context. / I kölvattnet av Covid-19-pandemin har organisationer över hela världen tvingats flytta verksamheten till de anställdas hem. Denna förändring har dramatiskt förändrat individernas egna arbetsplatskontexter. Detta väcker frågor om vilka effekter detta kommer att få på anställdas motivation. Eftersom motivation är relaterat till produktivitet såväl som välbefinnande hos individer är det avgörande att organisationer vet hur motivation kan underlättas i ett fjärranslutet (eller"distansarbetande") sammanhang för att skydda sina anställdas produktivitet och välbefinnande. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer samlar denna studie in åsikter och erfarenheter från anställda från fem olika företag inom kunskapsintensiva sektorer. Genom att analysera detta material konstruerade vi sju återkommande teman som var relaterade till motivation. När vi tittar på dessa teman genom en teoretisk ram baserad på tidigare studier av distansarbete, Job Demands-Resources-modellen och Self-Determination-teorin drar vi slutsatsen att distansarbete påverkar motivation inom områdena medbristande social interaktion, nivån av transparens inom organisationen, utmaningar i balansen mellan arbete och privatliv, en ansvarsförskjutning mellan chefer och anställda, svårigheter att be om hjälp för att lösa problem, digitala möten och upplevelsen av lärande. Vi avslutar studien med att ge chefer och anställda en lista med praktiska riktlinjer som kan hjälpa dem att facilitera motivation i distansarbete.

The main purpose of this study was to examine managers' capabilities to support the boundaries between work-life and private-life in the non-profit sector. The theoretical framework of the study is centered on work/family border theory where we focused on managers' dual role of border-crosser and border-keeper and explained this using new institutional theory as an analytical lens together with previous research on the special nature of the nonprofits, as well as policies for border control and the balance between autonomy and control. To understand the boundaries between the two domains, four focus groups were interviewed, consisting of three to four individuals. The participants were managers of various organizations within the nonprofit sector. According to boundary theory, employees become central participants when the organization helps them internalize the culture of the domain, develop knowledge in their jobs, when they connect with those who already have central membership, and when they are given responsibilities with which they can personally identify. The central membership is then assumed to provide tools for them to be able to increase the balance between work and private life on their own. The result of the study has shown that there are two factors that the managers believe affect the boundary between work and private life in addition to the actual time, namely performance boundaries and role boundaries. Based on what the focus groups convey, there is a notion of an ideal in the nonprofit sector where the job is to some extent expected to be seen as something more than a job that reinforces the boundless tendencies between working life and private life.

The Master's thesis focuses on the complexities of quality of work life and work engagement among education staff. The introduction presents a general overview of key concepts and outlines the development of approaches and the wider context. Drawing on the theoretical background, the following text addresses specific problems in greater detail. While the first chapter deals with a more general understanding of quality of life in various disciplines, the second chapter narrows its focus to the concept of quality of work life introducing selected theories and contemporary research approaches. Another thematic part of the thesis explores work engagement - it defines the concept, its development and relation to other phenomena (for instance, work satisfaction, well-being, or the burn-out syndrome). The thesis also includes an empirical study with the intention to describe the subjectively perceived quality of work life and the level of work engagement among employees of educational organizations. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, numerous measures needed to be adopted, which have profoundly transformed and influenced the way teachers perform their job tasks. The turbulent nature and low predictability of related changes represent an unprecedented challenge and can influence long-term quality of work life...

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The themes of migration and integration are presently quite controversial in the public, academic, and political spheres. Therefore, a lack of solid, tried-and-true, and easily accessible science investigation is to blame for numerous preconceptions that are frequently associated with migration and for the poor integration of the migrant community. In order to give judgement a stronger information foundation and to encourage a more educated general populace, the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of immigration and their relative characteristics in Nordic countries is essential in establishing fundamental research and adequately funding creative methodological methods and initiatives. This research aimed to determine the difficulties of the Nordic nations' labour markets that experience as a result of immigration based on SLR. It mainly focuses on the main issues or challenges faced by immigrants in Nordic countries. Qualitative research examines the difficulties of immigration in a Nordic country. The foremost goal of the investigation is to identify the outcomes of subsequent research query such as 1.What are the Challenges faced by the Nordic labour sector due to immigration? 2. Why Nordic labor sector face challenges due to immigration? The theoretical framework is established in this review to highlight the immigrant’s work-life balance and immigration impacts on Nordic countries. Moreover, the data collected from different database for qualitative assessment. The qualitative results analysis was compared to the theoretical framework to identify the deviation and alignments in current SLR. The study found the various challenges faced by Nordic citizens in labour sector due to immigration.Future research will expand on prospective research to examine how factors in the immigrant's demographics, contextual labour market characteristics, and the language used in the destination society affect the interactions between labour market integration.

Tidigare forskning visar att övergången från kontorsarbete till obligatoriskt distansarbete innefattar både positiva och negativa aspekter. Trots att tjänstemännen i den här studien sedan innan pandemin har upplevd en hög grad av autonomi i sitt arbete, har det obligatoriska distansarbetet ställt det på sin spets. Jag har därför valt att genomföra en kvalitativ intervjustudie med nio deltagare, med syftet att öka kunskapen om hur distansarbetet under pandemin har påverkat anställdas balans mellan arbetsliv och övrigt liv. Resultatet bearbetades genom en tematisk analys och tidigare forskning för att tolka och förklara tjänstemännens erfarenheter och upplevelser. Resultatet visar att arbetstagare utvecklar individuellt anpassade strategier för att hantera balansen mellan arbete och övrigt liv. De sociala interaktionerna en viktig roll för arbetstagarna, att det uteblir under en period på grund av distansarbetet har påverkat de medverkande i olika utsträckning. Resultatet har även visat på att distansarbetet har skapat en önskan från de anställda att fortsatt arbeta på distans på deltid då de upplevda fördelarna med distansarbetet, så som kontroll och flexibilitet. Tjänstemännens samlade erfarenheter tyder på ett ökat intresse för det hybrida arbetssättet för att ta del av både det kontors- och distansbaserat arbetssättet.

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Over the last three decades, the impact of dramatic change in the social, religious, political and economic environment has led to a rapid expansion in the number of women entering the paid labour force in Sri Lanka as elsewhere. However, their identities and workload continue to be defined around caring work, especially for children. Not surprisingly, employed mothers endeavour to balance these two central spheres of their life, family and work. This research focuses on the contradictions of mothers¿ work-life balance. It does so through an analysis of how successfully (or unsuccessfully) professional and managerial mothers in Sri Lanka combine motherhood with paid work, and how they understand this in terms of gendered identities and social norms. This example also allows an evaluation of western derived theories about mothers¿ decision making in the context of a developing, Asian country. Grounded theory was used to examine mothers¿ narratives about life in the family and at work, drawn from in-depth qualitative interviews, along with data from some representative secondary sources, in order to explore these questions. This thesis demonstrates that working women¿s mothering leads to the formation of a gendered identity which varies according to different socio-cultural and religious opportunities and constraints. Using the Bourdieu approach the research suggests how everyday life operates in terms of habitus, field and capital. However, these working mothers have low capacity to achieve a work-life balance and this may lead to complex social problems.

Тема представленной магистерской диссертации посвящена чрезвычайно актуальной проблеме баланса между работой и личной жизнью. Поддержание здорового баланса между работой и личной жизнью положительно скажется не только на здоровье, но и на производительности любой организации. В теоретической части представлены основные понятия благополучия на рабочем месте, факторы, влияющие на работоспособность и баланс между работой и личной жизнью. В практической части описывается общая характеристика исследуемой организации, кадровый состав, проведен анализ организационной среды и управления балансом между работой и личной жизнью со стороны руководства и персонала в «МАДОУ № 12 г. Тюмени». На основе полученных данных разработаны рекомендации по созданию организационной среды баланса между работой и личной жизнью. / The topic of the presented master's thesis is devoted to the extremely urgent problem of work-life balance. Maintaining a healthy work - life balance will have a positive impact not only on health , but also on the productivity of any organization. The theoretical part presents the basic concepts of well-being in the workplace, factors affecting performance and work-life balance. The practical part describes the general characteristics of the organization under study, the personnel composition, the analysis of the organizational environment and the management of the balance between work and personal life on the part of the management and staff at MADOU No. 12 Tyumen. Based on the data obtained, recommendations have been developed for creating an organizational environment of work-life balance.