Syfte: Undersökningens syftet är att mäta huruvida det går att få ut en överavkastning av aktier som väljs in i (respektive ut ur) OMX Stockholm Benchmark (OMXSB), som följd av att ett index ändrar sin komposition. Delsyftet är att undersöka om det går att se en signifikant ökning av handelsvolymen i anslutning till ändringsdagen. Metod: Studien tillämpar en eventstudie som undersökningsmetod av kvantitativ karaktär. Studien undersöker indexet OMXSB och innefattade totalt 111 stycken ingående och utgående aktier fördelat på 10 tillfällen. Två eventfönster har konstruerats; ett kring annonseringsdagen och ett kring ändringsdagen. Den procentuella handelsvolymen har mätts över eventfönstret kring ändringsdagen. Resultat: Den genomsnittliga kumulerade överavkastningen för eventfönstret vid annonseringsdagen uppgick till 1,02 % (-6 %) för de aktier som valdes in (ut). Det motsvarande resultatet 2,55 % (-0,41 %) framkom i eventfönstret för ändringsdagen. Handelsvolymen uppnådde i båda fallen en signifikant ökning dagen innan ändringen genomfördes. Slutsatser: Resultatet visade en signifikant överavkastning för aktier som valdes in (ut) i eventfönstret kring ändringsdagen (annonseringsdagen). Den signifikanta skillnaden av handelsvolymen tyder på att indexerarna handlar aktierna dagen innan ändringen genomförs. För aktier som väljs in gick det att se ett pristryck där priset höjdes fram till dagen innan ändringen genomfördes, som sedan återgick. Resultaten kan ha påverkats av externa faktorer vilket kan ha lett till en missvisande bild av den undersökta effekten. / Purpose: The study aims to investigate whether it is possible to get an abnormal return of stocks added to (or deleted from) the OMX Stockholm Benchmark index (OMXSB), as a result of a changes of the index composition. A subsidiary aim of the study is to investigate whether it is possible to see a significant increase in trading volume in close to the change day. Methodology: The study applies an event study as method of investigation of a quantitative character. The study examines the OMXSB and include a total of 111 added and deleted stocks distributed on 10 occasions. Two event windows have been designed: one around announcement day and one around change day. The percentage change of trading volume has been measured over the event window around the change day. Results: The average cumulative abnormal return for the event window around announcement day reached 1.02% (-6%) for the added (deleted) shares. Corresponding results of 2.55% (-0.41%) emerged in event window for change day. In both cases the trading volume reached a significant increase the day before the change was implemented. Conclusions: The results showed a significant abnormal return for stocks that were added (deleted) in the event window around the change day (announcement day). Trade volume suggests that index funds trade shares the day before the change day. For the added shares a price pressure could be identified up to the day before change day. The results may have been influenced by external factors which may have lead to a misleading picture of the investigated effect.

Förvärv av företag sker till höger och vänster, i alla länder, branscher och kategorier. Motiven till förvärv må vara av varierande art, men det som är av betydelse för ett företag är vilket värde ett förvärv kan generera. Denna studie undersöker marknadsreaktioner vid olika typer och kombinationer av förvärv; däribland horisontella, vertikala och branschspecifika förvärv, med huvudsaklig inriktning på värdet som skapas vid gränsöverskridande och nationella förvärv. Detta görs i syfte att kartlägga eventuella överlägsna typer av förvärv. Klassiska teorier i form av effektiva marknadshypotesen och “random walk”-teorin i kombination med insiderhandel utgör den vetenskapliga utgångspunkten i studien. Metoden är en eventstudie, där den abnormala avkastningen vid dessa förvärv beräknas, för att kunna analyseras i förhållande till tidigare forskning. Vidare testas studiens hypoteser med hypotesprövning och samband analyseras med hjälp av enkla linjära regressioner som sedan tolkas. Resultatet visar på att gränsöverskridande förvärv ger den högsta genomsnittliga kumulativa abnormala avkastningen (CAAR), och vidare är horisontella förvärv att föredra över vertikala av samma anledning. Offentliga sektorn och tjänstesektorn ger de högsta CAAR sett till branscher. / Merger and acquisitions is happening everywhere; in all countries, industries and in all categories. The motives of acquiring other companies may differ, but what is truly meaningful is the value an acquisition can bring. This study deals with different types and combinations of acquisitions; amongst horizontal, vertical and industry specific acquisitions, with main focus on the value created in Cross Border and national acquisitions. The aim of the study is thereby to plot superior types of acquisitions. Classic theories like the Efficient market hypothesis and the Random walk theory will be used as a theoretical framework, along with the idea of Insider trading. The method used is an Event study, where the abnormal return is calculated at the announcement day of acquisition and is later analyzed in association to prior studies. Deduced hypothesis are then processed in hypothesis testing and correlations are being studied through simple linear regressions. The result show that Cross Border acquisitions give the highest value (CAAR) to acquirer and the horizontal acquisitions are superior to vertical ones for the same reason. The public sector and the service sector yield the highest CAAR when industries are being studied.

This essay examines the impact of game releases on the Swedish stock market. As previous research has examined product launches and news releases, this thesis intends to investigate game releases by game developer companies such as developers of computer, console or mobile games. Previous research has been based on a business perspective and business valuation, the authors of this thesis intend to examine the individual investor's perspective. The theoretical framework consists of information asymmetry, the signaling model, the effective market hypothesis, random walk hypothesis and market reaction to new products. The study has chosen a deductive quantitative research approach with the event study method. The sample consists of 14 game developer companies in computer, console and mobile games during theperiod 2017–2021 that are listed on the Swedish market, which were observed during a period of 180 days before the event day and 40 days after. The results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship before, after and during the event day for game releases.The period during and after the event day can also be generalized where 9/14 respective 10/14 game developer companies showed statistically significant within the accumulated abnormal return. / Denna uppsats undersöker påverkan av spelsläpp på den svenska aktiemarknaden. Då tidigare forskning har undersökt produktlanseringar och nyhetssläpp ämnar denna uppsats att undersöka spelsläpp av spelutvecklarebolag som utvecklar PC-, konsol eller mobilspel. Tidigare forskning har utgått från ett företagsperspektiv och företagsvärdering, författarna för denna uppsats ämnar undersöka den individuella investerarens perspektiv. Det teoretiska ramverket består av informationsasymmetri, signaleringsmodellen, den effektiva marknadshypotesen, random walk hypothesis och marknadsreaktion till nya produkter. Studien har en deduktiv kvantitativa forskningsansats med eventstudie metoden. Urvalet består av 14 spelutvecklarebolag inom dator-, konsol- och mobilspel under tidsperioden 2017–2021 som är börsnoterade på den svenska marknaden. Dessa bolag observerades under en tidsperiod 180 dagar innan eventdagen och 40 dagar efter. Resultatet visade på att det finns ett statistiskt signifikant samband innan, efter och under eventdagen för spelsläpp. Perioden under och efter eventdagen kan även generaliseras där 9/14 respektive 10/14 spelutvecklarbolag visade på statistisk signifikant inom den ackumulerade abnormala avkastning.

Subject background and discussion: In recent decades, issues of human rights, labor and environmental change has been hot topics world wide, which also has influenced the financial market. More and more investors use socially responsible investing (SRI) screens when constructing their portfolios. One form of SRI screen is to choose companies that have satisfied employees. Existing theory says that employee satisfaction is an intangible asset to the firm that will positively affect a firm’s performance in the future. Intangible assets are often unrecognized by the market and thereby not incorporated in the stock price. The efficient market hypothesis has been studied and debated for several decades. Proponents of the EMH argue that all available information is incorporated in the stock price, thus it is not possible to systematically beat the market. However, EMH is controversial, since research has shown different results regarding the possibility to make abnormal return from various investing strategy. Research question: Is it possible to make abnormal returns by investing in a portfolio of worldwide firms with top scores on the SRI screen employee satisfaction? Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to examine investor’s possibility to make abnormal return with controls for multiple risk factors by investing in worldwide firms with top scores in employee satisfaction. One sub-purpose is to examine how the market values intangibles depending on the degree of market efficiency. Another sub-purpose of the study is to test two different portfolio weighting methodologies, equally- and value weighted, and observe the differences between them. Theory: This study deals with the efficient market hypothesis and the concepts of SRI, employee satisfaction, intangible assets and several risk-adjusted measurements. Method: We have chosen to perform a quantitative study with a deductive approach to answer our research question. We used a sample size of 696 firms based on “Great Place to Works”- lists of companies with high employee satisfaction to construct sex portfolios with different holding periods and strategies. These portfolios have been explored and tested significantly with both equally and value weighted methods. Result/Analysis: The study finds significant evidence of an average annual abnormal return of 3,66% and 2,43% for our main portfolio over the market for equally- and value weighted, respectively, using the three-factor model. When adjusting for momentum, thus employing the four-factor model, all the predictive variables still identify strong persistence in the abnormal return, with statistical significance. Conclusion: The results show that it is possible to make abnormal returns, during the observed time period, regardless of the weighing methodology, although the equally weighted received higher abnormal returns. Thus, the market efficiency appears to be in weak form and does not fully value intangibles.

Purpose: To examine how video-game releases affect the share price, and if video-game reviews have any impact on the share price of gaming corporations.  Method: A quantitative deductive research approach is applied with event study methodology used as basis. The investigated companies were the five largest gaming companies listed on the U.S. NASDAQ exchange. A total of 29 video-game launches and 85 reviews where examined.   Theory: The study is based on The Efficient Market Hypothesis, Agent Theory, Public Relations Theory, Nextopia and previous research. Results: The result contains 114 observations in five companies. The result accounts for the cumulative abnormal return for each video-game. It also accounts for the cumulative average abnormal return for each company ten days after release. Analysis: The hypothesis test accounts for a statistical significant correlation between negative abnormal return and the release. It is also accounted for a cumulative average abnormal return of  -2,29 % of the video-game companies stocks. Conclusion: There is a negative abnormal return for shareholders ten days after a video-game release. The result and the analysis dose confirm a direct correlation between video-game reviews and the abnormal return.

Insider trading has long been a controversial phenomenon in the financial world. Several studies have been conducted in the area where the studies have shown ambiguous results. In 2016, Finansipektionen amended the Insider Trading Act, namely that insiders need to report an insider transction within three days. Insiders ability to generate abnormal returns is considered to be in conflict with market efficiency.  This study examines insiders ability to generate abnormal returns on the First North Growth Market during the year 2020, where the sample consists of 47 observations. An eventstudy has been used to investigate the market reaction from the publication of insider trading. Multiple regression analysis has been applied to examine whether there is any difference in the abnormal return based on the position of the insider, the transactionsize of the insider tradingsize and the gender. The hypothesis tests have been answered with the help of a one-sided t-test and multiple regression analysis. A quantitative method and deductive approach have been used in the study where the researcher derived hypotheses based on previous research as well as theories such as the effective markethypothesis, the random-walk theory, the signalinghypothesis, behaviorbased financing and herdbehavior. This study shows that insiders generate abnormal returns during a short-term event window, but that there is no significant difference in the abnormal returns based on the insider’s position, transactionsize and gender. / Insynshandel har länge varit ett omdiskuterat fenomen inom finansvärlden. Flera studier har avlagts inom området som visat på tvetydiga resultat. År 2016 ändrade Finansinspektionen lagen om insynshandel, nämligen att insynspersoner behöver rapportera en insynstransaktion inom tre dagar. Insynspersoners möjlighet till att generera abnormal avkastning anses gå i strid mot marknadseffektiviteten. Denna studie undersöker insynspersoners möjlighet till att generera abnormal avkastning på First North Growth Market under året 2020 där urvalet består av 47 observationer. En eventstudie har använts för att undersöka marknadsreaktionen vid publiceringen av insynshandel. Multipel regressionsanalys har tillämpats för att undersöka ifall det finns någon skillnad i den abnormala avkastningen baserad på befattningen på insynspersonen, transaktionsstorleken av insynshandeln och kön. Hypotesprövningarna har besvarats med hjälp av ett ensidigt t-test samt multipel regressionsanalys. En kvantitativ metod och deduktiv ansats har använts i studien där forskaren härlett hypoteser utifrån tidigare forskning samt teorier som den effektiva marknadshypotesen, random-walk teorin, signaleringshypotesen, beteendebaserad finansiering och flockbeteende. Denna studie visar att insynspersoner genererar abnormal avkastning under ett kortsiktigt eventfönster men att det inte existerar någon signifikant skillnad på den abnormala avkastningen baserat på befattningen av insynspersonen, transaktionsstorleken och kön.

This study investigates the impact of mega-sporting event announcements on the host country's stock market. The analysis includes 34 events between 2000 and 2024, including the Olympic Games (Summer and Winter), the FIFA World Cup, and the UEFA European Championship. Employing a deductive approach grounded in existing theory and research, the study formulates hypotheses and utilizes an event study methodology to examine whether the announcements trigger abnormal returns in the host nation's stock market. T-tests are used to assess the statistical significance of the findings. The results provide limited evidence of market reactions to the announcements, with any potential effects occurring primarily before the official announcement, suggesting the possibility of information leakage or insider trading. No significant effects were found on the announcement day itself or on subsequent days. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were found based on the economic size of the host nation or the type of event. However, the study did observe that FIFA World Cup announcements tend to generate slightly more volatile market reactions compared to the other events.