This diploma thesis deals with the phenomenon of shared economy and describes it both on a wide scale and in specific sectors of its use in the social and health sphere. This trend inspired the introduction of a co-working concept to the market which is also described in the theoretical part of the thesis. The theoretical framework of the diploma thesis follows the practical part consisting of interviews with the founder of a co-working centre in Finland, with the executive director of a co-working centre in the Czech Republic, and with two users who have experience with this service in our country and abroad. Qualitative data from semi- structured interviews was a source in the creation of a business plan for the co-working centre, which is the aim of the diploma thesis. At the end of the diploma thesis, there is a shortened methodological guideline for establishing a co-working space. Keywords: shared economy, sharing, co-working, digitization, health and social services, desk

Studiens syfte är att undersöka biståndshandläggares upplevelser och erfarenheter av samverkan mellan socialtjänst och region när personer äldre än 65 år skrivs ut från sjukhus. Metoden som används är av kvalitativ design med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Fem biståndshandläggare som arbetar med handläggning av personer äldre än 65 år har intervjuats. De teoretiska tolkningsramar som används är förklaringsmodeller av samverkan samt organisationsteorin om situationsanpassning. Studien är relevant för socialt arbete eftersom personer över 65 år många gånger har komplexa behov och därmed ofta har behov av biståndsbedömda insatser efter sjukhusvistelse. Resultatet av studien visar att biståndshandläggare upplever att ramar, lagar, bristande ledning och misstro organisationerna emellan ses som svårigheter i samverkan. Vidare visar resultatet att det finns framgångsfaktorer som möjliggör samverkan och dessa är kommunikation, relationer och ledarskap / The purpose of the study is to investigate social workers experiences of collaboration between social services and health care systems when people older than 65 years are discharged from hospital. The study is relevant for social work because people over the age of 65 often have complex needs and thus often need assistance-assessed interventions after hospitalization. The method used is of qualitative design with semi-structured interviews. Five social workers who work with management of persons older than 65 years has been interviewed. The theoretical frameworks used is explanatory models of collaboration and organizational theory situation adaptation. The result of the study shows that social workers experience that frameworks, laws, lack of management and mistrust between the organizations seen as difficulties in collaboration. Furthermore, the result shows that there are success factors that enable collaboration and these are communication, relationships and leadership.

The purpose of the study was to examine how social services manage cases involving elder abuse and whether the cases were managed differently depending on the gender of the client. To answer the study’s purpose and questions, qualitative interviews were conducted with social workers who worked in social services (n=6) and who had experience of cases involving elder abuse. The data was analyzed by Johan Galtung’s model of violence and by the theoretical concepts of ageism and intersectionality. The results from the rather scarce experiences of cases of older people who are victims of violence showed that there were  major differences in how elder abuse is carried out and the forms it takes, compared to abuse towards younger age-groups. However, there seems to be a lack of knowledge about elder abuse as well as a lack of guidelines for how cases involving elder abuse should be managed in the social services. Our conclusion was that the lack of guidelines prevents social workers from identifying and fully understanding elder abuse, as well as obtaining knowledge of how cases involving elder abuse should be managed. / Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur äldre som utsätts för våld hanteras inom socialtjänsten samt om det finns skillnader i ärendehanteringen beroende på om klienterna är män eller kvinnor. För att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar genomfördes kvalitativa intervjuer med socialarbetare som arbetade inom socialtjänsten (n=6) och som hade erfarenhet av våld mot äldre. Data har analyserats med hjälp av Johan Galtungs modell om våld samt de teoretiska begreppen ålderism och intersektionalitet. Resultaten visade att äldre personer som utsatts för våld sällan förekommande fall inom socialtjänsten. Det finns stora skillnader i hur våld mot äldre utövas och hur det ter sig, jämfört med våld bland yngre åldersgrupper. Samtidigt är kunskapen om våld mot äldre bristfällig, och riktlinjer för hur ärenden som involverar våld mot äldre ska hanteras saknas i socialtjänsten. Vår slutsats var att avsaknaden av riktlinjer gjorde det svårare för socialarbetare att förstå och identifiera våld mot äldre, så väl som att få kunskap om hur ärenden som involverar våld mot äldre ska hanteras.

Studien syftade till att undersöka ungdomars och socialsekreterares uppfattning och tankar kring socialtjänstens arbete gällande barns och ungas delaktighet. Tretton ungdomar från olika skolor och sex socialsekreterare som arbetar med utredningar gällande barn och unga deltog i fokusgruppsintervjuer. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats utifrån KASAM samt Shiers delaktighetsmodell. Resultatet visar att ungdomarna i vår studie hade liten kunskap gällande socialtjänsten och dess arbete. Resultatet belyser vilka faktorer som kan vara viktiga gällande barns delaktighet, dvs. mötet i utredningsprocessen, ett för ungdomarna eget aktörskap samt vikten av återkoppling. Resultatet visar att en utveckling på dessa områden skulle kunna bidra till en ökad upplevelse av delaktighet i mötet med socialtjänsten. I såväl tidigare forskning som i ungdomarnas samt socialsekreterarnas utsagor går det att se likheter gällande hur barn bör göras delaktiga, dock visar det sig inte stämma helt överens med vad som sker i det praktiska arbetet. / The study aimed to investigate young persons' and social workers' perceptions and thoughts about children and young person's participation in the work of social services. Thirteen young persons from different schools and six social workers responsible for investigations of children and young persons participated in separate qualitative focus group interviews. The empirical material has been analysed based on KASAM and Shier's model of participation. The results show that the young person's in our study had little knowledge about social services and their work. The results further contribute to an understanding of the decisive factors regarding children's participation, which relate to the meetings in the investigation process, the young person's own involvement and the importance of feedback. The results indicate that a development in these areas could contribute to an increased experience of participation in the meetings with the social services. In previous research as well as in the statements made by young persons and social workers, it is possible to see similarities regarding how children should be involved, however, this does not seem to be in complete agreement with what is happening in the practical work.

Segregation is an acknowledged issue in Sweden. The aim of this study was to examine the trust towards the social services among adolescents living in segregated areas in Gävle. Previous research shows the importance of trust to achieve a good work alliance and a good outcome. Four focus group discussions including 19 adolescents were held with representation from three segregated areas in Gävle. The empirical material has been analyzed on the bases of social constructivism and epistemic trust. The results show a lack of trust towards the social services and instead the adolescents put their trust in rumors, friends and family. The results also show a desire from the adolescents of more open relationships with the social workers as well as a wish for a trust creating work and spreading of information from the social services. The study thereby shows a flaw and a development area for the social services. / Segregation är ett uppmärksammat problem i Sverige. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur tilliten till socialtjänsten upplevs bland ungdomar i segregerade bostadsområden i Gävle kommun. Forskning visar på vikten av tillit för att uppnå en god arbetsallians och ett gott resultat. Fyra fokusgruppsdiskussioner med sammanlagt 19 ungdomar har genomförts med representanter från tre av Gävles segregerade områden. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats utifrån socialkonstruktivistisk teori samt epistemisk tillit. Resultaten visar en bristande tillit till socialtjänsten och att ungdomar istället litar på rykten, vänner och familj. Resultaten visar även en önskan från ungdomarnas sida om öppnare relationer med fältarbetare och socialsekreterare samt en önskan om ett tillitsskapande arbete och informationsspridning från socialtjänstens sida. Studien lyfter därmed fram en brist och ett utvecklingsområde för socialtjänsten.

Residents of retirements homes in region of Zlín in point of demographic view Abstract Presented work introduces the law no. 108/2006 on social services that determines retirements homes as one of the facilities providing social services. The capacity of these facilities in the Zlín region is evaluated with the help of availability indices and facility normatives. More detailed attention was drawn to an analysis of age, gender, former permanent address and dependence degree of residents in selected retirement homes. This part of the research is based on data provided by five retirement homes in Zlín region. Obtained data was evaluated with the Kaplan-Meier method in order to estimate surviving function for these clients. The resemblance was tested employing the determination of the null hypothesis by log-rank test or Wilcoxon test. Keywords: ageing, residents of retirements homes, law on social services, survival analysis

1 Abstract This dissertation is talking about the topic: practical impact of social services on the quality of life and physical disposition of mentally diseased people. Using professional literature symptoms of the disease were processed, which are characterized by a psychosis and a disruption of the contact with the reality. A treatment and social worker's approach were described to these symptoms. In following chapters the dissertation is dedicated to social security of the patient, new methods when working with the client and also to ethics. The aim of this dissertation was to find out which impact social services have on the life of a mentally diseased person. Using interviews with social workers, questions to the given aim were answered. As a supplement to the dissertation, case studies of people with a mental disease were compiled. These case studies together with interviews are very beneficial and prove that social services are key in the life of mentally diseased person.

In 2006, the Swedish government established the gender equality policy "women and men should have the same power to shape the society and their own lives", together with six sub-goals. This thesis has examined the governments sixth equality sub-goal "men's violence against women should cease". There is a national strategy to prevent and combat this violence, where collaboration is highlighted as an important factor. The thesis also elevates how men´s violence against women in close relationships is currently a global societal problem that extends beyond categories such as social class, ethnicity, age et cetera.  The aim of this thesis was to investigate how the local collaboration is structured and worksbetween the police, social services and the women's shelter in Västerås, regarding the implementation of the governments sixth equality sub-goal. A qualitative method was used in form of semi-structured interviews to answer the purpose and the questions of the thesis. Two employees from each authority and a non-profit organization were selected as informants, determined through three categories. The theoretical framework was based both on a collaborative theory and an implementation theory.  The result showed that collaboration is necessary as a method while working for women who are vulnerable to violence in order for them to receive adequate support and assistance. It´s also important for the employees, since no individual authority or organization can be responsible to solve men's violence against women. Currently, the collaboration between the three actors in Västerås work relatively well. However, this thesis shows that more resources need to be invested in the collaboration. Communication needs to be improved and clearer goals that formulates the legitimacy of everyone participating in the collaboration work need to be set. The conclusion partly shows that collaboration needs, not only to exist, but also be prioritized at all levels of the institutions working with this issue. Even politicians need to prioritize and invest resources that may enable a well-functioning collaboration which is vital for the work against men’s violence against women.

Tidigare forskning gällande enhetschefer i socialtjänstens arbetssituation och hur de själva upplever den är begränsad, varpå ytterligare studier behövs. Studiens syfte är att undersöka enhetschefers upplevelse av stöd i sitt chefskap inom socialtjänsten, samt vilken inverkan det har på upplevelsen av att kunna hantera sitt arbete. Frågeställningar: Vilken typ av stöd erbjuds och efterfrågas av enhetscheferna i deras uppdrag inom socialtjänsten? Vilken typ av stöd använder sig enhetscheferna av i sitt arbete? Studien utgår från ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv och har genomförts via en kvalitativ intervjustudie utifrån ett explorativt subjektivt icke-sannolikhetsurval med åtta handplockade respondenter. Det empiriska materialet analyserades utifrån den tidigare forskningen och Antonovskys salutogena synsätt och teori KASAM. Det empiriska materialet visade på en hög arbetsbelastning och brister i stöd från de organisatoriska stödfunktionerna och brister i stöd från chefer, vilket ligger i linje med den tidigare forskningen. Dock visade det empiriska materialet till skillnad från den tidigare forskningen, att enhetscheferna inom socialtjänsten upplevde att de hade koll eller kontroll på sitt arbete och att de upplevde att de har möjlighet att påverka arbetet både nedåt och uppåt i organisationen. Dessutom visade det empiriska materialet på att enhetscheferna upplever sitt arbete som meningsfullt på flera olika plan. Utifrån en analys med hjälp av tidigare forskning och Antonovskys salutogena synsätt och KASAM, visade enhetscheferna på en hög grad av meningsfullhet och begriplighet i förhållande till sitt arbetsliv, vilket även leder till en hög grad av hanterbarhet, via stark motivation till att skaffa sig de resurser som behövs för att kunna nå sina mål. Bristen på resurser i form av organisatoriskt stöd har de istället funnit i kollegialt stöd och tidigare erfarenheter. Enhetschefernas höga grad av KASAM och upplevelse av att ha det stöd som de behöver, leder således till en upplevelse av att kunna hantera sitt arbete på ett tillfredsställande sätt på den positiva sidan av graden av hälsa – ohälsa. / Previous research on first-line managers in the social services work situation and how they themselves experience it is limited, whereupon further research is needed. The aim of the study is to investigate first-line managers experience of support in their management within the social services, as well as the effect it has on the experience of being able to manage their work. Questions: What kind of support is offered and requested by the first-line managers in their assignment in social services?  What kind of support do first-line managers use in their work? The study is based on a social constructivist theoretical perspective and has been conducted via a qualitative interview study, based on an exploratory subjective non-probability sample with eight hand-picked respondents. The empirical material was analyzed based on the previous research and Antonovsky's salutogenic approach and theory KASAM. The empirical material showed a high workload, lack of support from the organizational support functions and lack of support from managers, which match the previous research. However the empirical material, unlike the previous research, showed that the first-line managers in the social services feels that they have control over their work and that they feel that they have the opportunity to influence the work both downwards and upwards in the organization. The empirical material also showed that the first-line managers perceived their work as meaningful on several different levels. Based on an analysis using previous research and Antonovsky's salutogenic approach and KASAM, the first-line managers showed a high degree of meaningfulness and comprehensibility in relation to their working life, which also leads to a high degree of manageability via strong motivation to acquire the resources needed to achieve their goals.  Because of the lack of resources from organizational support, they have found support in colleagues and previous experience instead. The high degree of KASAM and the experience of having the support they need, leads to an experience of being able to manage their work satisfactorily on the positive side of the degree of health – ill health.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka familjehemssekreterares syn på samarbetet inom det tredelade föräldraskapet bestående av socialtjänst, familjehem och biologiska föräldrar samt samarbetets påverkan på familjehemsplacerade barns anknytning. Studien undersöker även hur socialtjänsten hanterar sammanbrott i familjehemsvård. Med semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod fokuserar studien på fem familjehemssekreterares upplevelser då tidigare forskning saknar deras perspektiv. Resultatet visar att socialtjänsten inom det tredelade föräldraskapet brister i samverkan främst på grund av tid- och resursbegränsningar. Hög personalomsättning och bristande kompetens är vidare faktorer som nedmonterade det tredelade föräldraskapet. Socialtjänsten kunde på grund av detta inte ge det stöd som behövdes varpå familjehemmen fick ta ett större ansvar i det tredelade föräldraskapet, vilket ökade risken för sammanbrott. Det hade även negativa effekter på barns anknytning till både familjehemmet och till sina föräldrar. En bättre balans inom det tredelade föräldraskapet skulle därför kunna bidra till bättre förutsättningar för barn i familjehemsvård. / This study aims at investigating social workers’ view on the Swedish three-part parenthood, consisting of the social services, the foster home and the biological parents, and its effects on children's attachment. The study also explores how social services handle breakdowns in foster care. The main focus lies on the perspective of the social workers who are in charge of the contact and support of foster homes, due to the lack of this perspective in earlier research. The study follows a qualitative interview method, with a total of five interviews that took place both digitally and in person. Our findings show that the three-part parenthood lacked cooperation within the social services mainly because of time and resource issues. Furthermore, high staff turnovers and low competence were factors that dismantled the three-part parenthood. Because of this, the social workers could not give the support that was needed. As a consequence, the foster homes had to take a bigger responsibility, which increased the risk of breakdowns. It also brought a negative effect on children's attachment to both the foster home and to their biological parents. A better balance in the three-part parenthood could therefore facilitate a better outcome for children in foster care.