Zukünftige Ausrüstungen von Eisenbahninfrastruktur mit zugorientierter Sicherungslogik, wie sie mit dem Advanced Protection System (APS) derzeit in einer frühen Entwicklungsphase ist, verzichten auf ortsfeste Signale und Gleisfreimeldeanlagen, wenn die Fahrzeuge mit einem Train Integrity Monitoring System (TIMS) ausgerüstet sind. In dieser Masterarbeit werden verschiedene Betriebsszenarien hinsichtlich des Ablaufs und der Sicherungslogik untersucht und Lösungen vorgeschlagen, mit denen das APS weiterentwickelt werden könnte. Aufbauend auf den derzeitigen Abläufen nach Baseline 3.6 unter der Überwachung von ETCS Level 2 ohne Signalen (L2oS) wird ein für Level 3 optimiertes Verfahren zur Sicherung der Zugfolgeabstände erarbeitet. Im weiteren Verlauf wird die Untersuchung dieses Verfahren auf Betriebsabläufe im Bahnhof sowie für die Sicherung besonderer Elemente wie beispielsweise Bahnübergänge ausgeweitet.:1 Vorbemerkungen 2 Status que: ETCS L2oS und ATO 3 Sicherungstechnische Bedeutung des Fahrens im wandernden Raumabstand 4 Notwendigkeit der Entwicklung von APS 5 Sicherungstechnische Betrachtung verschiedener Betriebsszenarien 6 Untersuchung des Bahnhofs Schorndorf 7 Grenzüberschreitende Bedeutung der ETCS-Halttafel 8 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick Anhang: vereinfachter ETCS-Übersichtsplan Schorndorf

The Master’s thesis deals with production scheduling in an industrial company. It uses the means of artificial intelligence to develop an appropriate production schedule in a generalized Flow-shop Programming problem. This problem can be solved by application which is a result of this thesis and was prepaired with use of the software Matlab 7.1 and its Genetic Algorithm and Direct Search toolbox. There is a part devoted to the use of advanced production systems (APS) and the concept of the operative production planning in praxis as well. The thesis pays attention to various optimization models in production scheduling and supply chain management too.

Esta dissertação objetiva discutir as tensões que o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) tem sofrido no recente contexto de crise de democracia política e social no país. Em diálogo com a literatura que discute os efeitos das políticas de austeridade econômica nas políticas sociais, especificamente as de saúde, pergunta-se: como os efeitos da crise atual entendendo que se trata de uma crise complexa que tem como marco os eventos de 2013 e 2016, tem se manifestado concretamente nas políticas de saúde? Neste trabalho optou-se por estudar o financiamento do SUS como um eixo operacional fundamental e que reflete dinâmicas políticas mais amplas. A análise das dinâmicas de financiamento do SUS teve como foco o Estado de SP e os seus efeitos na Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS). Considera-se como hipótese que a queda da arrecadação tributária vinculada à retração da atividade econômica industrial no estado em decorrência das crises financeira, política e institucional que o país atravessa desde 2013 vem contribuindo para a estagnação dos investimentos públicos na saúde. Os resultados desta discussão sugerem que os limites de gastos estabelecidos pela Emenda Constitucional no 95/2016 estabelecem uma limitação direta sobre o financiamento público do sistema e suas consequências sobre a APS serão particularmente danosas no quadro epidemiológico mais amplo do país e do estado, caso não haja mudança no processo político em curso, conforme revela um conjunto de indicadores financeiros e sociais analisados neste trabalho / This dissertation aims to discuss the tensions that the Unified Health System (SUS) has suffered in the recent context of a crisis of political and social democracy in the country. In dialogue with the literature that discusses the effects of economic austerity policies on social policies, specifically health policies, we ask: how the effects of the current crisis - understanding that it is a complex crisis that has as a frame the events of 2013 2016, has it manifested itself concretely in health policies? In this study, we chose to study SUS financing as a fundamental operational axis and that reflects broader political dynamics. The analysis of the financing dynamics of SUS focused on the State of São Paulo and its effects on Primary Health Care (PHC). It is considered as a hypothesis that the fall in tax revenue linked to the retraction of industrial economic activity in the state because of the financial, political and institutional crises that the country has been undergoing since 2013 has contributed to the stagnation of public investments in health. The results of this discussion suggest that the spending limits established by Constitutional Amendment 95/2016 will establish a direct limitation on the public financing of the system and its consequences on PHC will be particularly harmful in the broader epidemiological framework of the country and state, if not there is a change in the current political process, as revealed by a set of financial and social indicators analyzed in this work

Les contraintes liées au système de signes véhiculés par le comportement humain multiplient les difficultés face à toutes les formes d‘analyses, particulièrement celles qui se fondent sur l‘observation. Par exemple, les jeux sportifs peuvent, par leur richesse et leur complexité, restreindre le jugement de l‘observateur, notamment lorsqu‘il s‘agit d‘étudier des conduites et des prises de décisions motrices in situ, là où le pratiquant évolue dans un rapport consubstantiel avec son environnement. C‘est à ce niveau que les recherches en praxéologie proposent l‘analyse de la logique interne des situations ludosportives à travers une démarche systémique et structurale et une classification de pratiques sportives et ludomotrices en huit domaines d‘action motrice distincts. Les poutres maîtresses de ces domaines d‘action sont : la nature du rapport du sujet avec le milieu physique (milieu certain ou incertain) ainsi que la présence d‘interaction motrice liée à la présence d‘adversaires et/ou de partenaires. Nous avons mené une méta-analyse de trois domaines d‘action motrice au coeur desquels les sportifs pratiquent dans un milieu domestiqué, dont un domaine psychomoteur (agir en solo) et deux domaines sociomoteurs (agir contre des adversaires et agir avec des partenaires et des adversaires). Nous avons adopté une démarche méthodologique qui fait appel à l‘outil de modélisation électronique et numérique. Ce travail s‘articule autour de la science de l‘action motrice, des sciences de l‘Éducation, de la didactique des APS et des sciences de l‘ingénierie électronique et numérique. La problématique tente de mettre en évidence les effets potentiels d‘une pratique motrice régulière de trois domaines d‘action distincts sur les conduites et les prises de décision motrices. Autrement dit, chaque domaine d‘action motrice comprend des activités ludomotrices homogènes au regard de leurs traits de logique interne, influençant ainsi certains schémas d‘actions spécifiques sur la conduite motrice du pratiquant, propices au façonnage d‘habitus moteurs. Les investigations se construisent autour d‘un modèle expérimental spécifique appelé « B-percept® », modèle créé à partir d‘un jeu ludomoteur traditionnel, le « jeu des Quatre coins ». Ce système de mesures innovant et évolutif est utilisé pour évaluer et comparer les conduites de sportifs des trois domaines précités et de non-sportifs. Le protocole B-percept® mesure la vitesse de réaction simple et complexe, tant visuelle que sonore des pratiquants. Par ailleurs, outre les observations des sportifs agissants, nous avons proposé des tests de prédictions de score et d‘estime de soi (PSPP) et un entretien post-test avec les sujets, ceci afin de mieux appréhender et comprendre les conduites motrices exécutées. Les résultats obtenus ont montré qu‘une pratique sportive influencerait de manière positive le temps de réaction simple et complexe des sportifs par rapport aux non-pratiquants de sports. De surcroit, elle pourrait développer significativement leur sentiment d‘auto-efficacité, ce qui se traduirait par une meilleure capacité de prédiction des scores dans les tests B-percept®. Globalement, on relève aussi des résultats plus tranchés entre les domaines sociomoteur et psychomoteur, notamment dans la prise de décision au cours des situations complexes. Ces résultats ont été vérifiés à travers une méta-analyse par domaines, par algorithme moteur et par habitus moteurs. Fort de ces résultats, le modèle B-percept® pourra trouver des extensions dans le domaine de l‘enseignement en éducation physique et sportive, de l‘entrainement sportif et dans les centres de formation des élèves à besoins spécifiques. Dans le champ de l‘EPS, notre objectif est de contribuer à la réflexion et à la conception des contenus et de la programmation des activités physiques et sportives en ciblant, de façon pertinente et cohérente, les choix des situations motrices selon les domaines d‘action ludomotrice. / In sports and physical activities, gestures often carry an affective connotation. However the constraints due to their complexity when used in the communication process as signs system produced by human behavior could multiply difficulties on the of scientific analyses and studies. Thus, methods used to interpret the human movements and gestures have evolved in last decades, due to an increasing use of quantitative data. Nowadays researchers are working on decision-making by collecting behavioral significant information, especially during human-interactions in sports activities. Thus, since more than forty years, researches such as in motor praxeology analysis the internal logic of sports practices through systemic and structural analyses. Consequently a classification of sports activities was raised and gave eight different domains of motor action. These domains are based on the nature of physical environment (certain or uncertain environment), the attendance of opponents and/or partners. The aim of this thesis is to propose a systemic and structural methodological approach by comparing through a meta-analysis the impact of a regular sports practice in three different domains of motor activities on motor-behavior and decision-making. Our approach is built on an experimental model previously established by modeling the paradoxal game called the ―four corners game‖. Thus a smart wireless system for modeling visual and auditory searching behavior was conceived for measuring simple and complex reaction time. B-percept® helps as well to make observations, self-efficacy survey, test score-predictions and personal self-physical profile. This research allowed us to find relevant results. However, we need to be cautious about their generalization. Indeed, we have found that practicing sport positively influences the simple and complex reaction times and significantly increases self-efficacy of sports practitioners. Moreover, they could have a better ability to predict their scores at B-percept® tests. Meta-analysis through sports specialties and habitus were proceeded to improve results‘ analyzes, however, we still needing several investigations through future researches to propose a generalization of the equation model of B-percept®. In the near future, this experimental new model will be available for researchers in physical education and sports, teachers and coaches. It could also be proposed to training centers for students with special needs (handicap). We are looking forward helping to improve scholar programs made from sports activities as to be classified through the domain of actions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:17:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisete Maria Ribeiro.pdf: 7853414 bytes, checksum: ca9d4beb14aec1e3814dc40e05452d22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The field of health policy has incorporated new concepts that guide the qualification and practice of health professionals, following a trend of ensuring universal health care rights. Health services have required health professionals to adopt distinguished conducts in which they play a central role in delivering technical, operational and political excellence in their practices. This is because they are jointly responsible for ensuring an accessible, humanized, egalitarian and comprehensive health care, among other principles respected by the Brazilian Health System (SUS). This research sought to analyze, from a historic and institutional perspective, the service infrastructure quality, as well as Primary Health Care workers concepts and practices underpinning the implementation and the development of the Family Health Strategy in the Health Office of Curitiba. In order to meet such demand, a new professional profile emerges with a humanized approach, as well as generalist and resolute characteristics within the Family Health Strategy practice. Based on the theories raised by the attributes described by Starfield (2002) as critical or unique in Primary Health Care (first contact, comprehensiveness, longitudinality and coordination), the secondary attributes (family-centeredness, cultural competence and community orientation) and an attribute not only assigned to Primary Health Care (proper recording), the concepts and practices adopted by the Family Health Strategy in Curitiba are analyzed. Family Health was wholly taken and implemented within a specific technical and political timeframe and in a restricted fashion. It is defended only by a portion of significant professionals aligned to understand and embrace values, principles and attributes of Primary Health Care. Significant individuals demonstrate the progresses made in the qualification of working concepts and processes and the contradictions arising from an insufficient appropriation of ideologies by new stakeholders, which impair the delivery of a qualified Family Health Care work. This study presents how the Primary Health Care in Curitiba is organized and operates, in connection with the hegemony and qualified development of a city policy / O campo da política de saúde tem agregado novas concepções que orientam a formação e a prática dos trabalhadores de saúde, em uma tendência de garantia da universalidade do direito à saúde. O trabalho em saúde tem exigido condutas diferenciadas de seus trabalhadores, na condição de protagonistas da excelência técnica, operativa e política de sua prática profissional, por se constituírem como sujeitos corresponsáveis na garantia de acesso, humanização, equidade e integralidade da atenção em saúde, entre outros princípios do SUS. A pesquisa buscou analisar, no processo histórico-institucional, a qualificação da infraestrutura de serviços, bem como as concepções e práticas dos trabalhadores em APS que fundamentam a implantação e o desenvolvimento da estratégia Saúde da Família- SF, na SMS Curitiba. Para responder a tal demanda, demonstra-se a constituição de um novo perfil profissional, de abordagem humanizada, com características mais generalistas e resolutivas da pratica profissional em ESF. Com a base teórica no campo dos atributos descritos por Starfield (2002) como essenciais ou únicos em APS (primeiro contato, integralidade, longitudinalidade e coordenação), os atributos derivados (enfoque na família, valorização dos aspectos culturais e orientação na comunidade) e um atributo não exclusivo da APS (registro adequado), fundamenta-se a análise das concepções e práticas das ESF em Curitiba. Em sua integralidade, a Saúde da Família foi apreendida e implementada em tempo técnico e político especifico, de forma restrita, defendida por apenas um segmento de profissionais significativos, alinhados em compreensão e defesa de uma base de valores, princípios e atributos da APS. Assim, os sujeitos significativos demonstram os avanços na qualificação das concepções e processo de trabalho, e da mesma forma as contradições evidenciadas por uma insuficiente apropriação de bases ideológicas e adesão por parte de novos protagonistas que comprometem a qualificação do trabalho em Saúde da Família. Demonstra-se a capacidade de organização e funcionamento da APS em Curitiba, relacionada à hegemonia e desenvolvimento qualificado de uma política municipal

The purpose of this research work was to develop a nozzle capable of depositing dense CoNiCrAlY coatings via cold gas dynamic spray (CGDS) as well as compare the oxidation performance of bond coats manufactured by CGDS, high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and air plasma spray (APS) at temperatures of 1000°C and 1100°C. The work was divided in two sections, the design and manufacturing of a CGDS nozzle with an optimal profile for the deposition of CoNiCrAlY powders and the comparison of the oxidation performance of CoNiCrAlY bond coats. Throughout this work, it was shown that the quality of coatings deposited via CGDS can be increased by the use of a nozzle of optimal profile and that early formation of protective α-Al2O3 due to an oxidation temperature of 1100°C as opposed to 1000°C is beneficial to the overall oxidation performance of CoNiCrAlY coatings.

The purpose of this research work was to develop a nozzle capable of depositing dense CoNiCrAlY coatings via cold gas dynamic spray (CGDS) as well as compare the oxidation performance of bond coats manufactured by CGDS, high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and air plasma spray (APS) at temperatures of 1000°C and 1100°C. The work was divided in two sections, the design and manufacturing of a CGDS nozzle with an optimal profile for the deposition of CoNiCrAlY powders and the comparison of the oxidation performance of CoNiCrAlY bond coats. Throughout this work, it was shown that the quality of coatings deposited via CGDS can be increased by the use of a nozzle of optimal profile and that early formation of protective α-Al2O3 due to an oxidation temperature of 1100°C as opposed to 1000°C is beneficial to the overall oxidation performance of CoNiCrAlY coatings.

The purpose of this research work was to develop a nozzle capable of depositing dense CoNiCrAlY coatings via cold gas dynamic spray (CGDS) as well as compare the oxidation performance of bond coats manufactured by CGDS, high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and air plasma spray (APS) at temperatures of 1000°C and 1100°C. The work was divided in two sections, the design and manufacturing of a CGDS nozzle with an optimal profile for the deposition of CoNiCrAlY powders and the comparison of the oxidation performance of CoNiCrAlY bond coats. Throughout this work, it was shown that the quality of coatings deposited via CGDS can be increased by the use of a nozzle of optimal profile and that early formation of protective α-Al2O3 due to an oxidation temperature of 1100°C as opposed to 1000°C is beneficial to the overall oxidation performance of CoNiCrAlY coatings.

[pt] A anotação de papeis semânticos (APS) é uma importante tarefa do processamento de linguagem natural (PLN), que possibilita estabelecer uma relação de significado entre os eventos descritos em uma sentença e seus participantes. Dessa forma, tem o potencial de melhorar o desempenho de inúmeros outros sistemas, tais como: tradução automática, correção ortográfica, extração e recuperação de informações e sistemas de perguntas e respostas, uma vez que reduz as ambiguidades existentes no texto de entrada. A grande maioria dos sistemas de APS publicados no mundo realiza a tarefa empregando técnicas de aprendizado supervisionado e, para obter melhores resultados, usam corpora manualmente revisados de tamanho considerável. No caso do Brasil, o recurso lexical que possui anotações semânticas (Propbank.br) é muito menor. Por isso, nos últimos anos, foram feitas tentativas de melhorar esse resultado utilizando técnicas de aprendizado semisupervisionado ou não-supervisionado. Embora esses trabalhos tenham contribuido direta e indiretamente para a área de PLN, não foram capazes de superar o desempenho dos sistemas puramente supervisionados. Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem ao problema de anotação de papéis semânticos no idioma português. Utilizamos aprendizado supervisionado sobre um conjunto de 114 atributos categóricos e empregando duas técnicas de regularização de domínio, combinadas para reduzir o número de atributos binários em 96 por cento. O modelo gerado usa uma support vector machine com solver L2-loss dual support vector classification e é testado na base PropBank.br, apresentando desempenho ligeiramente superior ao estado-da-arte. O sistema é avaliado empiricamente pelo script oficial da CoNLL 2005 Shared Task, obtendo 82,17 por cento de precisão, 82,88 por cento de cobertura e 82,52 por cento de F1 ao passo que o estado-da-arte anterior atinge 83,0 por cento de precisão, 81,7 por cento de cobertura e 82,3 por cento de F1. / [en] Semantic role-labeling (SRL) is an important task of natural language processing (NLP) which allows establishing meaningful relationships between events described in a given sentence and its participants. Therefore, it can potentially improve performance on a large number of NLP systems such as automatic translation, spell correction, information extraction and retrieval and question answering, as it decreases ambiguity in the input text. The vast majority of SRL systems reported so far employed supervised learning techniques to perform the task. For better results, large sized manually reviewed corpora are used. The Brazilian semantic role labeled lexical resource (Propbank.br) is much smaller. Hence, in recent years, attempts have been made to improve performance using semi supervised and unsupervised learning. Even making several direct and indirect contributions to NLP, those studies were not able to outperform exclusively supervised systems. This paper presents an approach to the SRL task in Portuguese language using supervised learning over a set of 114 categorical features. Over those, we apply a combination of two domain regularization methods to cut binary features down to 96 percent. We test a SVM model (L2-loss dual support vector classification) on PropBank.Br dataset achieving results slightly better than state-of-the-art. We empirically evaluate the system using official CoNLL 2005 Shared Task script pulling 82.17 percent precision, 82.88 percent coverage and 82.52 percent F1. The previous state-of-the-art Portuguese SRL system scores 83.0 percent precision, 81.7 percent coverage and 82.3 percent F1.

Denna studie är en kvalitativ intervjustudie som undersöker förskollärares upplevelser och tankar kring IKT som pedagogiskt verktyg i arbetet med språkutveckling i förskolan och hur detta kan påverka den pedagogiska utformningen i verksamheten med barnen. Metoden består av en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra förskollärare. Resultatet påvisar att förskollärarna upplever IKT som pedagogiskt verktyg för språkutveckling som berikande och med potential inom varierande områden i relation till det språkliga lärandet. De flesta förskollärare ansåg sig besitta tillräckliga kunskaper och kompetens i arbetet med detta. De ansåg även barnen som mycket kompetenta och med många erfarenheter inom detta område. Det synliggjordes även brister i förhållande till pedagogiska kunskaper och tydliga riktlinjer i arbetet med IKT som verktyg för språkutveckling. Detta kan bero på olika faktorer såsom otydlighet gällande riktlinjer i Läroplan för förskolan, Lpfö98 och bristande kunskaper inom detta område. Studien har synliggjort både möjligheter och begränsningar i arbetet med IKT som verktyg för språkutveckling vilket förhoppningsvis bidrar med kunskaper för vidareutveckling inom detta område. / This is a qualitative interview study which examines preschool pedagogues' experiences and thoughts about digital learning resources as a pedagogical tool for working with language development in preschools and how this may affect the pedagogical design of the work environment with children. The method consists of a qualitative scientific procedure grounded in semi-structured interviews with four preschool teachers. The results show that the preschool teachers see digital learning resources as an enriching pedagogical tool for language development and with a potential in several varying areas in relation to the learning of language. Most preschool teachers deemed themselves sufficiently knowledgeable and competent while working with these resources. They also considered the children as very competent and with lots of experience in the area. There were also shortcomings outlined in relation to proficiency and clear guidelines in the work with digital learning resources for the development of language. This may depend on several different factors such as clarity regarding guidelines in the Swedish national preschool curriculum, Lpfö98, and deficient understanding in this area. The study has outlined both possibilities and limitations in the work with digital learning tools for development of language which, hopefully, will contribute for further development in this area.