Dès l'indépendance, l'Algérie traça une politique culturelle visant la prise en charge globale de son patrimoine culturel. L'état des lieux montra des conditions de développement culturel déplorables, héritées de l'époque coloniale. Une politique d'institutionnalisation des différents aspects du patrimoine national fut progressivement mise en œuvre, accompagnée d'un dispositif juridique important. Les débuts de l'archéologie algérienne se singularisent par des pratiques empiriques, eu égard aux carences en ressources humaines qualifiées, à l'absence de savoir-faire dans le domaine des métiers du patrimoine. Une attention particulière fut accordée à l'archéologie musulmane eu égard au retard accusé par rapport à l'époque antique. Cependant, des difficultés inhérentes aux approches et stratégies mises en œuvre (mode de gestion centralisée, carence en formation, insuffisance de moyens,...) ont contribué à maintenir le développement du secteur patrimonial à un cap qui n'eut pas l'ampleur souhaitée par les acteurs de la culture. Une étude de cas porte sur deux musées de sites, les musées archéologiques de Cherchel ; l'un est de conception et de création coloniale ; l'autre est de programmation algérienne. Cette étude de cas met en exergue les stratégies, les approches et les pratiques muséologiques algériennes. / After the independence, Algeria developed a cultural policy for the overall management of its cultural heritage. An assessment of the former indicated deplorable cultural development conditions which were inherited from the colonial era. A policy of institutionalization of the different aspects of the national heritage was implemented gradually, accompanied by the implementation of important laws. The beginnings of Algerian archeology were characterized by empirical practices that typically arose from the lack of qualified human resources. A special attention was given to the Islamic archeology with regard to the significant delay that occurred in the ancient times. However, the difficulties inherent to the implementation of training, insufficient resources, etc...) have contributed to maintain the development of the heritage sector, unfortunately no to the desired extent. A case study that focuses on two the museums, the archeological museums of Cherchel ; the first site museum is of colonial design and creation and the second one is of an Algerian design. This case study highlights the strategies, approaches and practices of the Algerian museums.

Esta tese de doutorado parte da premissa que existem barreiras, muitas vezes intransponíveis, entre a produção de conhecimento em arqueologia e a sociedade. Neste cenário, os museus figuram como as principais janelas que se abrem entre o conhecimento construído em Arqueologia e o público não especialista. Entendendo os museus como sistemas de informação, buscamos nesta tese identificar os ruídos que interferem nos fluxos de informações gerados pela cadeia operatória de musealização da arqueologia - que compreende as estratégias de aquisição, salvaguarda e comunicação. Como forma de identificar os elementos que interferem na fluidez da informação, confeccionamos uma ferramenta nomeada de diagnóstico museológico que foi aplicado nos dois objetos de pesquisa: o Museu de Arqueologia de Xingó e o Museu Arqueológico de Sambaqui de Joinville. Com base nos resultados coletados nos diagnósticos, elaboramos uma análise de dados na qual foram apontados os fatores que representam obstáculos e ameaças à fluidez da informação; potencialidades e dinamizadores dos fluxos; aproximações institucionais e estruturas de longa duração que recaem sobre os museus estudados. / This thesis assumes that there are barriers, often insurmountable, between the production of knowledge in archeology and society. In this scenario, the museums are considered as the main windows that are opened between the knowledge built in Archaeology and non-specialist audience. Understanding museums as information systems, this thesis sought to identify the gaps that interfere with the flow of information generated by the chain of archeological musealization - which comprises the strategies of acquisition, conservation and communication. As a way to identify the elements that influence the flow of information, we conceive a tool entitled museum diagnostic that was applied in both research subjects: the Museu de Arqueologia de Xingó e Museu de Sambaqui de Joinville. Based on the results collected in diagnostics, we developed a data analysis in which we describe the factors identified that represent obstacles and threats to the flow of information; the potential movers and flows of information; institutional approaches and structures and long-term incumbent on museums studied.

Sete amostras arqueológicas de milho (Zea mays mays, Lineu), com idades estimadas por C14 que variam entre 620±60 anos e 990±60 anos antes do presente e uma amostra arqueológica de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris, Lineu) com idade de 301 ± 39 anos, oriundas de cavernas localizadas no Vale do Peruaçu, município de Januária, no norte do estado de Minas Gerais, foram estudas através de técnicas de biologia molecular, com o intuito de compreender melhor a história evolutiva destas espécies nas regiões das Terras Baixas da América do Sul e sua relação com outras amostras destas espécies de diferentes regiões das Américas. Um segmento do gene nuclear Adh2 foi amplificado e sequenciado a partir de extratos das amostras de milho, enquanto, no caso das amostras de feijão, dois foram os alvos genéticos, que amplificaram e sequenciaram duas regiões distintas do gene nuclear Phs. O mesmo procedimento foi realizado com as amostras modernas destas duas espécies. No caso do milho, três padrões/ grupos principais de alelos do gene Adh2 foram encontrados, baseado principalmente em regiões de microsatélites. Os três padrões estão presentes na região de origem do milho, na América Central e também foram observados na América do Sul, mas nesta última região, eles não estão homogeneamente distribuídos. Um primeiro tipo, aparentemente o mais simples, primitivo, está presente praticamente apenas na região da Cordilheira dos Andes. Os outros dois tipos se fazem mais presente na região das terras baixas da América do Sul, sendo que um deles se encontra somente na parte leste do continente, ao longo das bacias hidrográficas dos rios São Francisco e Paraná-Paraguai. Este padrão terras altas/ terras baixas é um fenômeno antigo, como demonstram as amostras arqueológicas e sugere a ocorrência de duas levas principais e independentes de entrada, difusão de raças/ etnovariedade distintas de milho no passado, na América do Sul. Estas levas devem ter ocorrido por volta de 5.000 anos atrás para a primeira delas e por volta de 2.000 anos para a segunda. Uma terceira, mais recente, ainda é possível de ter ocorrido, seguindo mais ou menos o caminho da segunda, mas ficando mais confinada a região leste do Brasil. Estas levas só se explicam pela influência do homem, que foi o agente difusor desta planta, seja através de migrações, onde levou consigo amostras desta planta, seja por troca ou mesmo por conquistas. Os dados sugerem que existiu uma relativa integração humana na parte sul do continente, ligando culturalmente populações humanas desde o Chile até o Paraguai e Brasil, como é mostrado pelo compartilhamento de alelos de milho nestas áreas. Vemos ainda que os tipos de milho da região dos Andes Centrais – Peru, historicamente tiveram pouca influência na formação dos genótipos de milho presentes na região das terras baixas, sendo que as amostras de milho encontradas em Januária apresentam uma relação muito maior e direta com materiais da América Central, do que dos Andes, indicando que, culturalmente, principalmente em termos de alimentação, as populações de Januária receberam uma influência maior de populações humanas das terras mais ao norte e não da região dos Andes Centrais. Este padrão perdura até os dias de hoje, fato este que deve ser o resultado do modelo de colonização européia no Novo Mundo, onde, de modo geral, a região das terras baixas do continente foi colonizada pelos portugueses e as terras altas pelos espanhóis, mantendo este relativo isolamento entre os habitantes das duas regiões, indicando que, aparentemente, as barreiras culturais humanas foram muito mais fortes, importantes e decisivas na origem, seleção e difusão dos gêneros animais e vegetais que o homem utilizava em seu dia a dia, do que as própria barreiras geográficas. Já no caso do feijão, verificamos primeiramente que a amostra arqueológica se trata da espécie Phaseolus vulgaris e que o tipo básico genético da proteína Phaseolina presente na amostra de Januária é do tipo "a" e não do tipo "b". De modo geral a distribuição dos alelos encontrados nas diferentes amostras segue um padrão geográfico, onde todos os alelos oriundos de amostras da região desde o México até o norte da América do Sul (Colômbia/ Equador/ norte do Peru), ficaram em um mesmo grupo, a que chamamos de grupo Norte, enquanto, no outro grupo de alelos, só estavam presentes alelos oriundos de amostras do Sul do Peru e da Argentina, e que chamamos de grupo Sul. Aparentemente os alelos do grupo Norte são os mais antigos, indicando que a origem do feijão deve ter-se dado naquela região. Já as populações de feijão com alelos do grupo sul devem ter se originado a partir de populações do grupo Norte, posteriormente. Os dados sugerem que o feijão deve ter tido apenas um centro de origem e todos os diferentes tipos de feijão hoje existentes evoluíram a partir de uma mesma população ancestral. Isto vai de encontro com algumas teorias que dizem que o feijão pode ter tido mais de um centro de origem, independentes. A amostra de Januária apresentou 6 alelos distintos, sendo que destes, dois são exatamente iguais aos alelos do grupo do Norte, sendo os outros 4 alelos exclusivos. Destes 4 alelos exclusivos, dois são muito próximos à alelos do grupo do Norte e os outros são intermediários. A amostra não apresentou nenhum alelo exatamente igual ao encontrado em indivíduos do grupo Sul Isto sugere que, geneticamente, a amostra de Januária possui um maior grau de relação com alelos presentes em populações do grupo do Norte, mas também apresenta vestígios de um certo grau de contato com alelos mais relacionados a populações mais do centro sul andino. De modo geral, esta amostra de feijão de Januária confirma os dados levantados com as amostras de milho, onde sugerem que as populações de Januária possuíam uma relação ou influência de materiais cultivados muito maior com amostras vindas da região da América Central e norte da América do Sul e muito pouco com amostras da região dos Andes Centrais, como Peru. Observamos ainda que a diversidade genética interespecífica dentro do gene de feijão estudado é maior do que a observada dentro do gene estudado de milho. Por último, este trabalho demonstra que amostras arqueológicas vegetais oriundas de regiões tropicais podem conter material genético ainda preservado e apto para estudos evolutivos e, em paralelo, para vislumbrarmos a história do próprio homem nas Américas. / Seven archaeological samples of maize (Zea mays mays, Lineu), 620±60 to 990±60 years old and one sample of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, Lineu), 301 ± 39 years old (based on C14 datation), were studied by biomolecular techniques to understand their historical origin. They were found in indigenous subterranean silos, from archaeological sites at Januária (Peruaçu Valley), state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A segment of the nuclear gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (Adh2) was amplified and sequenced from extracts of the maize specimens. In the bean sample, two portions of the nuclear gene encoding the protein Phaseolin were used. In maize, 3 main alele groups were observed for the Adh 2 previously know in the maize origin center in the Central America. In the South America, these groups have also been founded but presenting a characteristic geographical distribution. One of the aleles, considered the most primitive, occurs in the Andean highlands. The other two are present mainly in lowlands, one of them restrict to São Francisco and Paraná-Paraguai rivers basin, along the Atlantic coast. These dates suggest that, historically, different maize varieties were introduced in South America, perhaps in two different periods and spread to distinct regions by migrating or trading human populations. The first introduction is estimated to have occurred about 5,000 years ago, and the second and possibly a third, about 3,000 years later. These introductions must be responsible for the high-/lowland distribution pattern, which maintains up to today. The European colonisation of the South America in the 15-16th century kept this pattern. Portugal conquered the lowlands and Spain the highlands and they maintained a cultural and trade barrier for long time. However in the Southern part of South America there must have been some exchange, since aleles from lowlands were found in archaeological sites in highlands of Chile, and conversely, highland aleles were present in one modern indigenous sample from Paraguay. It should be mentioned that archaeological and modern aleles found in Peru are remarkably different from those of Brazil. This would mean that Brazilian indigenous populations must have been more influenced by Central America culture, rather than from that of Andean highlands. In the case of Januária bean sample, identified as Phaseolus vulgaris, presents the basic genetic type of the Phaseolin of type a. The alleles from modern samples from Mexico to Argentina, indicate a geographical distribution pattern. The alleles originated from Mexico to the Northern region of South America (Colombia, Ecuador and North of Peru) fall in the same group, what we called Northern alleles group, while those from Southern Peru to Argentina fall in another group, that we called Southern alleles group. Apparently Northern group of alleles are older, pointing the corresponding region as the centre of the origin for Phaseolus vulgaris. Southern group of alleles must have been derived from those from the North. This confronts some theories suggesting that bean might have had more than one centre of origin, independently. The Januária sample had six different alleles, two identical to the Northern group. Of the remaining four, two are very close to the Northern group, while the other two may be considered intermediary. No allele similar to the Southern group was found. The conclusion is that the bean sample from Januária is genetically closer to the Northern populations but has vestiges of contacts with populations from Centre and Southern Andes. All put together, maize and beans populations from Januária seem to had a lager relation or influence of materials originating with those from Central Andes, as Peru. Also, a higher genetic diversity was observed within bean genes than maize. Finally, this research demonstrated that plant archaeological samples from the Tropics may contain well preserved genetic material suitable for evolutionary studies and provide data to understand the life history of the Humanity in the Americas.

Bizerte et sa région : étude de géographie historique est un essai de monographie régionale d’une entité de l’extrême nord-est de la Tunisie dans la longue durée (de la deuxième moitié du VIIe siècle jusqu’au XVIIIe siècle). Outre la réalisation d’un corpus des monuments islamiques des centres urbains et de quelques zones rurales de la région, cette étude a comme objectif l’étude de la ville dans son contexte général : le réseau villageois et campagnard qui l’entoure. Exploitant aussi bien les sources écrites et cartographiques que les résultats des travaux sur le terrain, cette étude décrit une dizaine de centres urbains et quelques sites ruraux.L’archéologie appliquée dans la deuxième partie de cette monographie est plurielle. En plus de l’inventaire systématique des monuments des centres urbains, nous avons adopté les outils de ce que les spécialistes appellent l’archéologie extensive. De même, les approches pratiquées pour la lecture des évolutions urbaines et des stratégies territoriales sont variées. La multiplication des méthodes et des approches nous a permis de dépasser les inconvénients du silence des sources écrites, de renouveler des hypothèses et de créer une nouvelle base d’informations pour les prochaines recherches. / Bizerte and its region: study of historical geography is a try of regional monograph of an entity of the extreme northeast of Tunisia in the long period (from the second half from the VIIth century to XVIIIth century).Besides the achievement of a corpus of the Islamic monuments of the urban centers and of some rural zones of the region, this research has as an objective the study of the city in its general context: the villages and the countryside which encircles it. Exploiting as well the written and cartographic sources as a result of a field studies, this study describes a dozen of urban centers and some rural sites.The archaeology applied in the second party of this monograph is pluralistic. Besides, for the systematic inventory of the monuments of the urban centers, we adopted the methods of what the specialists call “extensive archaeology”. Also, the approaches practiced for the reading of the urban evolutions and territorial strategies are varied. The multiplication of methods and approaches allowed us to surpass the disadvantages of the silence of the written sources, to renew hypotheses and to create a new foundation of information for the next researches.

Whether on paper, on site or mediating between both, means for reading and writing geometry have been central to architecture: the use of compasses and rulers, strings, pins, stakes or plumb-lines enabled the analysis and reproduction of congruent figures on different surfaces since antiquity, and from the renaissance onwards, the consistent planar representation of three-dimensional shapes by means of projective geometry. Tacitly through practice, or explicitly encoded in classical geometry, the operational syntaxes of drawing instruments, real or imaginary, have determined the geometric literacies regulating the production and instruction of architecture. But making marks on the surfaces of paper, stone or the ground has recently given way to the fundamentally different sequential operations of computers as the material basis of architectural inscription. Practices which have dominated architecture since antiquity make little sense in its current reading and writing systems.  This thesis examines technologies of digital inscription in a search for literacies equivalent to those of drawn geometry. It particularly looks at programming as a form of notation in close correspondence with its material basis as a technology, and its effects on architecture. It includes prototypes and experiments, graphics, algorithms and software, together with their descriptions and theoretical analyses. While the artefacts and texts respond to the different forms, styles, interests and objectives specific to the fields and contexts in which they have originated, their fundamental purpose is always to critique and propose ways of writing and reading architecture through programming, the rationale of the research and practice they stem from. / <p>QC 20171129</p>

El proyecto está ubicado en Supe Pueblo, en la zona de San Nicolás. El planteamiento es de una arquitectura que respeta el paisaje con una volumetría simple, que no plantea desaparecer en la topografía sino mostrarse, presentando materiales, recorridos y visuales que fortalezcan el enlace entre arquitectura y su entorno. La ubicación responde a una zona en donde no existen obstrucciones visuales debido a construcciones aledañas, ya que se encuentra rodeado de zonas agrícolas y de dos cerros, La Cruz y el Chimucapac. Cabe resaltar que se utiliza una pequeña parcela como parte de la exposición. El proyecto muestra una clara sectorización con respecto a las áreas complementarias ubicadas en el primer nivel del proyecto. Las áreas de servicio se plantean en la parte posterior al proyecto junto con la zona de investigación; y finalmente la zona de recorrido museográfico que se encuentra a partir del segundo nivel hacia arriba. El acceso se hace por una sola vía en doble sentido, la Av. San Nicolás, la cual te lleva hacia la carretera Panamericana y hacia Supe Pueblo. La edificación considera que todos los recorridos se realicen a través de rampas. La idea del proyecto es que el usuario vaya descubriendo visuales hacia el entorno conforme vaya recorriendo su arquitectura. La edificación es claramente visible, sin embargo, se utilizan distintos niveles en la volumetría para no afectar de una manera invasiva el paisaje. Además, se consideran miradores a distintos niveles para exponer el entorno y comprender la importancia del valle para la civilización Caral. / The project is located in Supe Pueblo, in the San Nicolás area. The approach is of an architecture that respects the landscape with a simple volumetry, which doesn´t propose to disappear in the topography but to show itself, presenting materials, routes and visuals that strengthen the link between architecture and its environment. The location responds to an area where there are no visual obstructions due to nearby buildings, since it is surrounded by agricultural areas and two hills, La Cruz and Chimucapac. It should be noted that a small plot is used as part of the exhibition. The project shows a clear sectorization with respect to the complementary areas located in the first level of the project. The service areas are raised in the back part of the project together with the research area; and finally the museum tour area that is from the second level upwards. Access is by a single two-way street, Av. San Nicolás, which takes you to the Panamericana Highway and to Supe Pueblo. The building considers that all routes are carried out through ramps. The idea of ​​the project is for the user to discover visuals towards the environment as they go through its architecture. The building is clearly visible, however, different levels are used in the volumetry so as not to affect the landscape in an invasive way. In addition, viewpoints are considered at different levels to expose the environment and understand the importance of the valley for the Caral civilization. / Tesis

Folk religiosity during High Middle Ages and Early Modern times as reflected in material culture (the example of small ceramic sculpture) This work focuses on study of religious practice and urban everyday life of urban folk groups in Prague Towns from High Middle Ages till Early Modern times. The most common archaeological artifacts reflecting religious practice are small clay figurines found both in urban and in rural environment. These figurines made of fired clay depict in most cases Madonna with Christ-child and various saints, nevertheless profane figurines and various zoomorphic artifacts can be found too. This work is focused mainly on findings of clay figurines obtained during the large archeological excavation on Republic Square in Prague, which offered a unique collection of artifacts dated from 1250 to 1600. Analogies from the Central Europe will be considered in the process of evaluation of the assemblage mentioned above. It is not known exactly what the purpose of these artifacts was and it is still a subject of discussion, into which we will try to bring some new light. Right iconographic interpretation requires a comparation with some other objects of folk religiosity and urban everyday life (such as medallions and other small holy objects, pilgrim signs, pilgrimage pictures,...

El tema de tesis fue elegido principalmente para mejorar la puesta en valor del centro ceremonial de Cahuachi, dicho centro posee una amplitud de 25 km2 por lo cual es considerada la capital teocrática de barro más grande del mundo, ubicado en la ciudad de Nasca, Ica. Busca además incentivar el estudio de la cultura Nasca, de la cual actualmente no existen planes de estudio y restauración. El proyecto toma como punto de partida conceptual la misma adaptación que buscaban los Nascas cuando realizaban sus obras arquitectónicas aprovechando las pendientes de los cerros, esta partida conceptual se ve representada en la altura del edificio siendo menor a la del centro ceremonial, el acabado de la fachada la cual logra mimetizarse con el entorno y en las visuales que se obtienen a lo largo del recorrido del museo las cuales enaltecen el centro ceremonial y no le restan protagonismo. Para lograr un diseño eficiente se realizó un trabajo de investigación obteniendo referentes tipológicos y parámetros urbanísticos, además de una investigación de campo con los ejemplos nacionales más cercanos a la zona de intervención. / The thesis topic was chosen mainly to improve the enhancement of the ceremonial center of Cahuachi, said center has an amplitude of 25 km2 which is why it is considered the largest theocratic mud capital in the world, located in the city of Nasca, Ica . It also seeks to encourage the study of the Nasca culture, of which there are currently no curricula and restoration. The project takes as conceptual starting point the same adaptation that the Nascas sought when they carried out their architectural works taking advantage of the slopes of the hills, this conceptual heading is represented in the height of the building being less than that of the ceremonial center, the finish of the facade which manages to blend in with the surroundings and in the visuals that are obtained along the route of the museum which exalt the ceremonial center and do not detract from prominence. To achieve an efficient design, a research work was carried out obtaining typological references and urban parameters, in addition to a field investigation with the national examples closest to the intervention area / Tesis

Dans le present travail de recherche notre équipe s'est interessé à l'étude de la composition chimique -au niveau moléculaire- d'un groupe d'échantillons résineuses provenant d'objects Aztecs et Mayas. Le but ultime de cette étude a été d'établir l'origin botanique de ces résines et d'avoir une vue d'ensemble des formulations utilisées dans les adhésifs ou les figurines, afin de mieux comprendre leurs propriétes physiques.Pour aboutir à cet objectif une stratégie analytique très spécifique a été créeé et mise en oeuvre. Cette stratégie a inclus l'analyse d'échantillons des résines archéologiques mais aussi de résines d'origine botanique certifiée et de résines commerciales, achetées dans des marchés traditionels au Mexique dans une région qui correspond a la one géographique occupée autre fois par l'empire aztèque.L'étude des matériaux a fait appel à des techniques tels que l'observation a l'échelle microscopique, la spectroscopie infrarouge (IRTF), la chromatographie liquide-DAD (HPLC-UV/Vis) et la chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spéctroscopie de masse (CPG-SM).L'étude moléculaire de ces échantillons, et plus précisement, l'étude leur fraction tritérpenique a permis de : Établir un profil moléculaire des résines pour chaque origine botanique étudiée Idéntifier précisement certain composées tritérpeniques présents dans toutes les échantillons Réperer les molécules tritérpeniques susceptibles d'être utilisées dans l'avenir comme des marqueurs moléculaires d'origine botanique pour les résines frais des espèces étudiées Suggèrer une origine botanique pour les échantillons archéologiques Aztèques Écarter des origines botaniques possibles pour l'échantillon Maya Avoir une vue d'ensemble de l'origine botanique des résines commercialisées au territoire mexicain sous le nom de «copal» Créer un protocole d'analyse simple pour permettre aux professionnels de la conservation et des biomatériaux d'établir l'origine botanique et un profil moléculaire des résines utilisées dans des expériences diverses Caractériser le comportement du copal lors du vieillisement naturel et artificiel Établir des molécules susceptibles de devenir marqueurs moléculairs pour les deux types de vieillisement Établir que l'origine botanique d'un échantillon résineux peut être retrouvée malgré son âge (archéologique) / In the present work, the molecular composition of series of resinous aztec and maya archaeological samples were investigated to determinate their nature.Thus an analytical strategy was specifically designed. This analytical strategy included the analysis of botanically certified resins, freshly collected. It included as well the analysis of commercial samples bought in Mexican traditional markets.The study of all the samples included microscopical techniques, Fourier Inverse Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) , High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (HPLC-UV/Vis) and Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).The molecular study of these samples, in particular of their trterpenic composition allowed to : establish the molecular profile of resins from certified botanical origin. Identifiy some of the triterpenic compounds present in samples; Identify triterpenic molecules that could be uses as molecular markers for each botanical origin. Find the botanical origin of archeological astec samples. Discard possible botanic origins for maya archaeological sample. Have an overview of the origin of commercial samples of mexican copal. Create a simple protocol that allows conservation and biomaterials professionals to establish the botanical origin of archaeological and commercial resins, used in conservation interventions. Observe the behavior of copal materials upon ageing, establishing potential markers for natural ageing in copal, under darkness. Asses the botanical origin of a sample can be found regardless the age of the resin

Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo aprofundado do material cerâmico do sítio Gramado situado no município de Brotas, Vale Médio do Rio Tietê, SP, acondicionado no Museu de Arqueologia da USP desde 1994, associado à tradição Tupiguarani. A pesquisa envolveu diversas abordagens metodológicas e técnicas: análise da distribuição das peças cerâmicas no sítio, mapeamento de densidade; análise de atributos cerâmicos pautada na metodologia de pesquisa de literatura pretérita; análise de vestígios químicos e fluorescência de raios-X, com o intuito de compreender aspectos relacionados aos pigmentos químicos, pasta cerâmica e possíveis atribuições de uso dos fragmentos cerâmicos; reconstituição da cadeia operatória, desde a escolha de materiais até a definição de formas e traços, identificação de pigmentos, aplicação de engobo, processo de secagem e tempo/temperatura de queima de uma peça. Todas as análises tiveram como eixo norteador a Experimentação como forma de compreender atitudes corporais impressas na argila, partindo de escolhas tecnológicas e artísticas do grupo estudado. A análise de distribuição mostrou que ao redor de onde foi encontrada a urna funerária que levou à descoberta do sítio, há grandes concentrações de fragmentos (centenas por m2) que demonstram que o sítio é promissor para novas escavações. A análise de tributos cerâmicos mostrou grande diversidade de formas, decorações, espessuras, que serviram de base para a abordagem da experimentação. A dominância foi de decorações plásticas, mas com pinturas claramente associadas à tradição tupiguarani. A análise de pinturas reproduziu padrões geométricos, ricos em fundos brancos, faixas transversais vermelhas e rica ornamentação em preto. As pesquisas com fluorescência de raios-X indicaram que as pastas são relativamente homogêneas e que as pinturas são de natureza mineral. O conjunto de análises mostrou que as pinturas foram aplicadas pela técnica do engobo, ou seja, pigmentação mineral antes da queima, quando as peças atingem o ponto de couro. A análise de atributos e a experimentação permitiram também reconstruir os passos da cadeia operatória e esclarecer que as pinturas eram aplicadas antes da queima e que as decorações corrugadas também estão associadas a gestos naturais para a união de roletes e não são, necessariamente, intenções decorativas. A experimentação mostrou que a cerâmica necessita de um tempo preciso para a aplicação de pinturas e que a preparação das peças exige grande domínio da técnica, bem como condições sociais adequadas para a produção de peças, sua secagem e queima. Assim a experimentação corroborou a hipótese de que a cerâmica expressa também características culturais e sociais. Este trabalho demonstrou que o estudo do gestual reflete, não somente questões individuais pertinentes ao artesão, mas também as relações sociais e organizacionais de uma sociedade marcadas no material cerâmico. / This dissertation presents a deep study on pottery material related to tupiguarani tradition from Gramado archeological site, located at Brotas county, middle Tietê valley, São Paulo State, Brasil. These materials were deposited in University of São Paulo Museum of Archeology and Ethnology (MAE-USP), since 1994. This research used several approaches and techniques, including distribution analysis, density mapping, ceramic attribute analysis, chemical vestiges analysis, X-ray fluorescence, experimentation approach and research in previous literature, all them aiming to understand features related to pottery, possible uses, reconstitution of \"chaine operatoire\" (operating chain). The analysis begins at material choice, reaching pigment identification, engobe application, drying process, temperature and time burning process. All analysis had as leading axis the \"experimentation\" approach, as a way for comprehension of body attitude printed in clay. This analysis started from artistic and technological choices from the studied population. The spatial distribution analysis showed that, where the funerary vessel it was found (that lead to the discovery of the archeological site). There were some interesting ceramic fragment concentrations (hundreds per square meter) that demonstrate that this site is very rich and promising for new excavations. The ceramic attribute analysis showed a broad diversity of forms, decorations, thicknesses and served as basis for experimentation research. It was found the domination of plastic decorations, but many paintings, clearly related to \"tupiguarani\" tradition. The painting analysis reproduced geometric patterns, rich in white backgrounds, red transversal rows, and rich in black drawings. The x-ray fluorescence analysis showed that ceramic paste was relatively homogeneous and that paintings had mineral nature. The analysis showed that paintings were set by the engobe technique, what means that mineral stains were applied before burning, when ceramics was reaching a certain humidity level called \"ponto de couro\" (literally leather point). That point is the humidity that the piece is suitable to receive engobe and fix it so after drying is suitable to go to oven. The attribute analysis and experimentation approach allowed reconstructing steps of a plausible operating chain, clarifying that painting were applied before burning and corrugate decoration was associated to natural gests used when connecting clay rolls, not necessary related to decorative motivation. The experimentation approach showed that the ceramic pieces need a precise time for painting application (engobe) and that the piece fabrication demands a deep domination of pottery techniques, as well as particular social conditions, suitable for pottery production, correct dying and proper controlled burning. So the experimentation approach has corroborated the idea that the pottery also express cultural and social features, expressed in clay. This work demonstrated that the gesture study reflects, not only, individual aspects, but as well social relations, organizational aspects of a society, printed in burned clay.