Increasing involvement with students at the University of Namibia has indicated their overall difficulty with comprehending and recalling information from oral content lectures. It has also been observed that in general very little attention is given to the development of listening skills in L2 ESP and EAP courses. For this study, I conducted a quasi-experiment to determine whether the recognition and interpretation of discourse markers will enhance students' listening comprehension in academic lectures. Students were tested to determine their comprehension of content information in a video-taped lecture. Qualitative data were collected by means of a questionnaire. After an intervention period of eight weeks, where the experimental group received strategy training in the recognition and interpretation of discourse markers in spoken texts, both groups were again tested. Their results were statistically compared. I also looked at related findings of other researchers. Finally, aspects for possible future research will also be considered. / English Studies / MA - (Specialisation in TESOL)

The first part of the article seeks to highlight the importance that increasingly electronic trading experience in the field of financial services, and as a result of that the new expressions that arise in providing financial transactions through a conceptual distinction of services and financial channels. In this context, new challenges for the industry players requiring them continuing specialization and innovation in product design, in order to satisfy the current demands ofconsumers who have configured one profile increasingly informed, sophisticated technology in making their consumption decisions.In the second part of the article, I will describe the local regulation which applies to electronic contracting in comparison with the regulation that applies to the traditional contracting which use printed information and oral presentations. This section identifies also the main regulatory implications for the consumer and the industry, with reference of compared experiences that may be interesting to comment on the formulation of considerations if applicable. / En la primera parte del artículo se propone destacar la importancia que crecientemente experimenta la contratación electrónica en el ámbito de los servicios financieros, y como consecuencia de ello, las nuevas expresiones que surgen en la prestación de operaciones financieras pasando por una distinciónconceptual de servicios y canales financieros. En este contexto, se configuran nuevos retos para los actores de la industria de este tipo de servicios que les exige continua especialización e innovación en el diseño de productos, de modo que éstos estén en grado de satisfacer las exigencias actuales de consumidores que cuentan con un perfil cada vez más informado, sofisticado y tecnológico en la adopción de sus decisiones de consumo.En la segunda parte del artículo se describirá el tratamiento regulatorio local aplicable a la contratación electrónica de servicios financieros, destacando aquellos aspectos regulatorios que la distinguen respecto de la contratación tradicional, esto es, la contratación presencial por medios escritos. En esta sección se identificará a su vez las principales implicancias regulatoriasde cara al consumidor y a la industria, tomando como referencia experiencias regulatorias a nivel comparado que puedan resultar interesantes de comentar en la formulación de consideraciones a que hubiera lugar.

This research is concerned with an investigation into the development of a formal diagnostic assessment tool for spelling in the foundation phase. A literature study and information acquired from educators provided information to compile a suitable spelling list that could be used as a diagnostic tool in the foundation phase. A self-designed questionnaire was administered to fifty educators Who provided their expert opinion regard the spelling list. This was followed up by second questionnaire that was based on the analysis and interpretation of the first. The Delphi-technique was applied to this investigation. The study was complete when consensus was reached among the educators with regard to which words should be included in the final spelling list. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

This study investigates transformational leadership at a higher education institution. The systems paradigm serves as the point of departure, while the construct `leadership', which forms the driving force of change in the organisation, and the concept `transformational leadership', are integrated to yield a mechanism for the optimal positioning of the organisation in the ambit of transformation. The results indicate that the leadership style at the higher institution in question is transformational in nature. From the literature review it became evident that although it is possible for transformational leaders to fail in the transformational strategy, the transformational leader may exhibit the most `ideal' leadership style for the higher education institution engaged in a turnaround strategy. Based on the results of the study, additional proposals are made regarding further study in the area of transformational leadership as well as possible decisions regarding human resource management for the higher education institution in question. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

The aim of this study is to describe and analyze how teachers can create participation in the work of classroom blogs for students in language-, reading- and writing difficulties. Another aim is also to see what challenges and possibilities it brings. The issue addressed in this study is how the educational work can be planned, how the teachers describe that they create participation for students with language-, reading- and writing difficulties, and the strengths and weaknesses that are present in this way of work. The purpose and issues of the study were answered through semi-structured interviews where the questions in an interview-guide were sent to the participants in advance, to give them the opportunity to reflect on the issues that should be addressed. The interviews have been recorded and then transcribed. All participants were selected from a list of active blogs and the main focus area was primary education grade 1-6. All teachers in the study have a broad experience of classroom blogging. The result showed how teachers, through their work with classroom blogs, create great variation in their teaching. Recipients for students' work were a big motivation factor for the students, and the teachers in the study invited the students in the educational planning. Thanks too many forms of expressions such as text production, images and moviemaking students are given the opportunity to express themselves in what way they feel comfortable in. It also offers good opportunities for participation for all students. One difficulty in this type of work is the teachers’ need of technical knowledge, and the anxiety students with language-, reading- and writing difficulties may feel when they are going to publish an online text. / Studiens syfte är att beskriva och analysera hur lärare kan skapa delaktighet kring arbetet med klassblogg hos elever i språk-, läs- och skrivsvårigheter. Syftet är också att se vilka utmaningar och möjligheter arbetet medför. De frågor som studien belyser är hur det pedagogiska arbete med klassblogg kan se ut, hur pedagogerna beskriver att de skapar delaktighet för elever i språk-, läs- och skrivsvårigheter samt vilka styrkor och svagheter som finns med detta arbetssätt. Frågeställningarna och studiens syfte är besvarade genom halvstrukturerade intervjuer där frågorna i intervjuguiden skickats ut till informanterna i förväg för att de innan intervjun skulle få möjlighet att fundera över frågorna som skulle behandlas. Intervjuerna har spelats in och sedan transkriberats. Samtliga informanter valdes ut ifrån webbstjärnans lista över aktuella bloggar och fokusområdet var årskurs 1-6. Samtliga pedagoger i studien har en bred erfarenhet av bloggar i undervisningen. Resultatet visade hur pedagogerna genom sitt arbete med klassbloggar skapar stor variation i sin undervisning. Eftersom att bloggarna är publika får elevernas texter en mottagare utanför klassrummet. Något som är en stor motivationsfaktor för eleverna. Pedagogerna i studien bjuder in eleverna i planeringen av undervisningen vilket skapar ett gott undervisningsklimat. Tack vare de många uttrycksformer så som text, bild och film eleverna kan använda i arbetet med sin klassblogg skapas goda möjligheter till delaktighet hos samtliga elever. En svårighet i arbetssättet med bloggar är det tekniska kunnande det fodrar av personalen. En annan svårighet som upplevs är oroskänslan som elever i språk-, läs och skrivsvårigheter kan känna när de skall publicera en text online.

The present study aims at investigating some aspects involved in teaching English reading through authentic texts, in a public high school, based on my experience as a teacher in such context. The paper, of ethnographic basis, will also consider theoretical postulates in relation to the authenticity of English texts, as well as in relation to the reading theories and to the English for Specific Purposes approach. The authenticity issue in the language classroom is a complex theme, even more so if we discuss the concept of "authentic". This paper, a selfanalysis, aims at carefully studying this concept and the use of such material in reading development in language learning. The research instruments include recordings of classes in video tape, the teacher-researcher s field notes, learners notes, interviews with learners and questionnaires. Data analysis, as it was triangulated, suggests that, according to students as well as teacher-researcher s reactions, the use of authentic texts in the English reading class, considering some aspects of a need for choosing the theme and negotiating meanings at the time of the reading, may contribute to a more meaningful and realistic learning, in this more specific context. Therefore, considering that the teaching and learning process is also based on elements other than just classroom material itself, there are other essential factors to this process, such as critical and reflexive teacher education and his or her conceptions of reading, learners contributions, as well as the content of the proposed activities. / Esta pesquisa, de base etnográfica, visa a investigar alguns aspectos que envolvem o ensino de leitura em língua inglesa por meio de textos autênticos, na rede pública, partindo de minha experiência como docente neste contexto. Embasando o trabalho serão considerados postulados teóricos referentes à questão da autenticidade de textos em língua inglesa, bem como concepções teóricas de leitura e aspectos relacionados à abordagem instrumental no ensino de línguas. A autenticidade na sala de aula de línguas é um tema complexo, sobre tudo no que diz respeito à própria conceituação do termo "autêntico". Esta pesquisa, de autoanálise, objetiva, portanto, problematizar o conceito e analisar a utilização desse tipo de material no desenvolvimento da leitura no campo da aprendizagem de línguas. Os instrumentos de pesquisa do presente estudo compreendem gravações de aulas em vídeo, notas de campo da professora-pesquisadora, depoimentos dos aprendizes-participantes, questionários e entrevistas. A análise dos dados, triangulados, sugere, por meio das reações manifestadas pelos alunos e pela professora-pesquisadora, que a exploração de textos autênticos em aulas de leitura em língua inglesa, observados alguns aspectos como a análise de necessidades na escolha do tema e também a negociação de significados no momento da leitura, pode contribuir para um ensino mais significativo e coerente com a realidade dos aprendizes, nesse contexto específico. Assim, considerando que o processo de ensino e aprendizagem constitui-se de elementos outros que não apenas o material didático em si, fatores cruciais nesse processo são pressupostos, como a formação crítica e reflexiva do professor e suas concepções de leitura, as contribuições dos aprendizes, bem como o teor das atividades propostas. / Mestre em Lingüística

Submitted by Marvin Bartsch (marvin.bartsch@gmx.net) on 2018-08-20T20:15:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação mestrado_Marvin Bartsch.pdf: 892003 bytes, checksum: 134313d75a11d56e773596c50dfac63e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2018-08-21T12:42:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação mestrado_Marvin Bartsch.pdf: 892003 bytes, checksum: 134313d75a11d56e773596c50dfac63e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T18:03:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação mestrado_Marvin Bartsch.pdf: 892003 bytes, checksum: 134313d75a11d56e773596c50dfac63e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-19 / Objetivo – O objetivo deste trabalho é de empiricamente avaliar o papel da moralidade no conceito de liderança autêntica. Metodologia – Para tal, foi criado um questionário experimental no qual foram examinados os efeitos que os dois conceitos de autenticidade e moralidade têm na perceção de efetividade de um líder. Resultados – Prioritariamente os resultados mostram que há uma diferença insignificante entre lideres inautênticos mas moralmente corretos e lideres autênticos mas imorais na perceção de efetividade de um líder. Aplicabilidade do trabalho – Os resultados do estudo sugerem que lideres imorais por norma não devem ser excluídos do conceito de liderança autêntica. Originalidade – Para o nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro trabalho que examina o papel da moralidade na liderança autêntica ao relacionar os dois conceitos para a perceção de efetividade de um líder. / Purpose – The purpose of this work is to empirically evaluate the role of morality in the authentic leadership construct. Design/methodology/approach – To do so, a survey experiment was created that examines the effects of the two concepts of authenticity and morality on perceived leader effectiveness. Findings – Most importantly the results have shown that there is an insignificant difference between inauthentic but moral leaders and authentic but immoral leaders in perceived leader effectiveness. Practical implications – The findings of the study suggest that immoral leaders should not be generally excluded from authentic leadership constructs. Originality – To our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the role of morality in authentic leadership by relating the two concepts to perceived leader effectiveness.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal aplicar a canção em sala de aula, para medir o seu grau de influência na aprendizagem do aluno no contexto de LE, particularmente da língua alemã. Com base no levantamento bibliográfico, foi constatado que a canção é uma ferramenta importante no ensino-aprendizagem de LE. Porém, sentiu-se falta da descrição dos resultados a partir da sua aplicação em sala de aula. Nos livros didáticos e em sala de aula, há, geralmente, canções elaboradas. No entanto, para despertar a motivação dos alunos da faixa etária de 13-14 anos das 8as séries de uma escola particular de São Paulo, houve a preocupação em selecionar uma canção autêntica que correspondesse ao universo de interesses dos jovens. Antes da escolha da canção houve a preocupação em definir a canção autêntica, segundo Parnitzke (1997). Dentre as canções autênticas, foi adotada a canção popular, que vai ao encontro dos interesses dos jovens. Dessa forma compreende-se por canção popular uma melodia cantada, com uma estrutura conjugada de língua e música, que compõem uma unidade. As suas partes melódicas são fáceis de cantar e de memorizar, as entoações e o ritmo orientam-se pelo texto. Engloba os gêneros musicais cantados, que são produzidos e divulgados em massa. A escolha da canção popular iniciou com um questionário respondido por jovens alemães da mesma faixa etária do público-alvo, passando pela definição do objetivo de aprendizagem para a sua aplicação e pela consideração dos critérios de escolha de canções estabelecidos por Setzer (2003), entre outros autores. O objetivo de aprendizagem com a canção concentrou-se na identificação de fonemas vocálicos característicos da língua alemã, ausentes no português do Brasil, visando uma melhor compreensão na comunicação oral. Para medir o grau de aprendizagem dos fonemas vocálicos, optou-se pela aplicação de um ditado antes e após o uso da canção em quatro grupos, dos quais um representou o grupo-controle, ou seja, não realizou a atividade com a canção. Após a aplicação da canção e a realização do segundo ditado verificou-se que, embora ainda ocorressem diversos erros ortográficos, houve uma melhora na compreensão auditiva refletida na representação de grafia dos fonemas específicos da língua alemã pelos alunos. Ao mesmo tempo, verificou-se que no grupocontrole essa melhora não ocorreu. Diante disso, conclui-se que a canção é um instrumento importante para a aprendizagem da LE. / The application of songs as class room activity, aiming at the measurement of their influence, presumed positive, on the pupils learning process of foreign languages, is the main goal of this study. From the literature review one concludes that songs are considered useful foreign language teaching tools. Nevertheless, there is a lack of measurements showing how effectively music influences the learning process. Text books usually present songs which are deliberately composed for teaching purposes. Considering 13-14 year old students, an authentic song, and thus motivating since it brings up young peoples concerns, was selected. Prior to the choice, Parnitzkes (1997) definition of authentic song was presented and discussed. Among the universe of authentic songs, the so called pop music was chosen, as it meets young peoples expectations. Pop song is understood as a sung tune with an integrated structure of music and language which composes a unity. Its melody is easily sung and memorized, its intonation and rhythm are guided by the lyrics. It comprises songs that are mass orientated and broadcast. The song selection process began with a questionnaire completed by young German students aged like the ones considered in this research, followed by the definition of the learning goal and of the choice criteria proposed by Setzer (2003), among others. The learning goal was focused on the identification of German language characteristic vocal phonemes which are absent in the Portuguese language spoken in Brasil, aiming at the improvement of listening comprehension skills. Four groups of students were considered, one of which was the control group that did not have contact with the song, and in order to measure the learning progress on the phonemes, the students did one dictation prior to and after the song activity. An analysis of the errors made by the students on both dictations showed that, excepting the students of the control group, there was an improvement in their listening comprehension skills, measured by the reduction of spelling mistakes. According to this, one confirms that the song is an important foreign language learning tool

Dans un contexte mondial où les taux de roulement des effectifs infirmiers oscillent entre 5% et 17% (Heinen et al., 2013) et où l’OCDE (2016) souligne plus que jamais l’importance de s’attarder à la rétention des infirmières et à la diminution de leur départ de la profession, la présente thèse vise à comprendre plus en profondeur les effets différentiels du leadership tyrannique et authentique, du climat psychologique de travail ainsi que du bien-être et de la détresse psychologique sur l’intention de quitter – son unité, son organisation ou sa profession. Appuyé en partie sur les travaux de Hayes et al. (2012) et de Blau (1964), un cadre d’analyse comprenant les éléments suivants a été conceptualisé : 1) les facteurs organisationnels – regroupant le climat psychologique de travail ainsi que le style de leadership, 2) les facteurs individuels – comprenant la santé psychologique et 3) les facteurs externes touchant aux caractéristiques personnelles et démographiques que sont l’âge, le sexe et le niveau d’éducation. Le climat psychologique de travail et le style de leadership sont positionnés en amont au sein du modèle conceptuel alors que la santé psychologique est en aval. L’intention de quitter l’unité, l’organisation et la profession sont les variables prédites. Il est proposé que le style de leadership lorsqu’authentique influence positivement le climat psychologique de travail de même que la santé psychologique, ce qui en retour diminue l’intention de quitter. Parallèlement, il est proposé que le style de leadership tyrannique influence négativement le climat psychologique de travail ce qui génère en outre de la détresse psychologique et de l’intention de quitter. Un échantillon de 903 infirmiers et infirmières québécois d’une multitude de secteurs a complété un questionnaire en ligne traitant du style de leadership de leur supérieur immédiat, du climat psychologique de travail ainsi que du niveau de santé psychologique et de l’intention de quitter. Les relations entre les variables indépendantes et dépendantes ont été analysées à l’aide d’analyses acheminatoires par équations structurelles. Les relations statistiques observées permettent d’expliquer plus du tiers du phénomène de l’intention de quitter, tous niveaux confondus, de même qu’autant du bien-être psychologique et de la détresse psychologique au travail. Les facteurs organisationnels sont instrumentaux dans la compréhension et le redressement de la santé psychologique de même que de l’intention de quitter. Cette thèse identifie le supérieur immédiat comme un acteur clé ayant une contribution directe sur le climat psychologique de travail, la santé psychologique ainsi que l’intention de quitter. Davantage de résultats ainsi que les implications théoriques et pratiques sont discutés. / In a global context where turnover rates among the nurse workforce vary between 5% and 17% and where the OECD (2016) stresses more than ever the importance of understanding nurse retention and acting on their intent to quit, this thesis aims to understand the differential effects of tyrannical and authentic leadership, psychological work climate and well-being and/or psychological distress on one’s intention to quit. Based in part on the works of Hayes et al. (2012) and Blau (1964), an analysis framework that includes the following was conceptualized: 1) organizational factors –that is psychological work climate and style of leadership, 2) individual factors, including psychological health, and 3) external factors, that is the personal and demographic characteristics such as age, sex and education level. Intent to quit is the variable which we aim to predict and explain by the organizational and individual factors. Specifically, it is hypothesized that the style of leadership when authentic will positively influence psychological work climate as well as psychological health, which will in turn diminish one’s intent to quit. Conversely, it is hypothesized that when the style of leadership is tyrannical it will reflect negatively on psychological work climate, which will in turn augment psychological distress as well as one’s intent to quit. Considering this, a Quebec sample of 903 nurses from a multitude of healthcare sectors completed an online questionnaire in which they were asked about their current immediate superior, the psychological work climate in their organization, their degree of psychological health as well as their intention to quit. The statistical relationships between the independent as well as the dependent variables were analyzed using structural equation modelling. The results show that the variables targeted explain more than a third of the variance in intention to quit across all at all levels (quit one’s unit, one’s organization, one’s profession) as well as both the psychological well-being and the psychological distress. Organizational factors are instrumental in understanding and acting on psychological health as well as intent to quit. This study identifies the immediate superior as a key contributor to psychological work climate, psychological well-being and/or distress as well as intent to quit. Practical implications of the study, as well as further research are discussed accordingly.

Cette thèse se propose d’étudier l’exploitation des documents authentiques dans le cadre de l’enseignement/apprentissage du français langue étrangère à des publics chinois dans une perspective interculturelle. Nous avons d’abord essayé de comprendre l’émergence et l’imposition d’une approche interculturelle au sein de la didactique du F.L.E. en traçant l’évolution historique des méthodologies universalistes des langues étrangères, et d’étudier les rôles que jouent des documents authentiques dans l’enseignement des langues étrangères, en vue de développer une compétence de communication interculturelle. Ensuite, nous avons tenté de justifier notre étude à partir d’une recherche empirique reposant d’une part sur une présentation-analyse de la situation actuelle de l’enseignement du F.L.E. en Chine (l’enseignement universitaire) et d’autre part sur une enquête menée auprès des apprenants et des enseignants. Enfin, nous avons abordé l’impact des documents authentiques comme outil didactique pour une approche interculturelle de l’enseignement/apprentissage du français à travers d’une expérience d’enseignement mené dans une université chinoise pendant un semestre universitaire. / This thesis proposes to study the use of authentic documents in the teaching/learning of F.L.E. (French as a foreign language) to Chinese students in an intercultural perspective. We first tried to understand the emergence and imposition of an intercultural approach in the didactic of F.L.E. today. We also studied the roles of authentic documents in the teaching of foreign languages in order to develop intercultural communication competence. We then tried to justify our study from an empirical research based firstly on a presentation-analysis of the current situation of the teaching of F.L.E. in China (the university) and secondly on a survey of learners and teachers. Finally, we discussed the impact of authentic materials as teaching tool for an intercultural approach to teaching/learning of French through a teaching experience conducted in a Chinese university for one academic semester.