The aim with our study has been to examine how preschool-staffs resonate about the notification requirements according to Chapter 14, section 1, The Social Services Act, when a child fare badly or is suspected to fare badly: first, in relation to the municipality´s policies, but also in relation to the preschool staff´s actions in individual cases. Our study was conducted by qualitative research with semi-structured interviews. Total has two child´s nurses and six preschool-teachers, active within Växjö´s municipality, been interviewed. The result showed that the municipality´s guidelines on the one hand, underpinned by giving a prescribed pattern of behavior for preschool staff on how to act if the suspected that a child to fare badly. On the other hand preschool staff also experienced the guidelines diffuse as there were nothing described of the transition of how much they should document and observe before a notification could be initiated to the headmaster. Noteworthy was that the munici-pality´s guidelines in this case was inconsistent with the provision in Chapter 14, section 1, The Social Service act. A report should be made immediately. In addition, the preschool-staff could not establish a notification, just initiate it to the headmaster, which is also contrary to the statutory provisions. Furthermore the result showed that the preschool-staff experienced more disadvantages than advantages with the duty to report. The results also showed that the preschool staff´s actions were influenced off various circumstances. The behavior before initiating a notification to the headmaster showed to differ in individual cases. This confirms the preschool-staffs personal discretion even though the duty to report prevails.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hermide Menquini Braga.pdf: 1784730 bytes, checksum: ced5b2e90933059460f0dc80166b2c92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-07 / The thesis focuses on the main work of João Guimarães Rosa, Grande wilderness: paths, through the prism of evil, which is expressed in metaphors and symbols epiphora. The first part presents the theoretical foundations of analysis: the metaphors and epiphora captured in the rich source of the Metaphor Viva Ricouer Paul, and the symbols of evil, which is also rooted in works by the same author. The second part delves into the analysis of the text by the light of Rose's theoretical first . Displays the scene of evil in the great wilderness, which permeates the characters of myths and symbols, which emerges the figure of Riobaldo, seeking to overcome by wisdom The final analysis of the work proceeds by metaphors that express the evil experienced by the characters and show path to transcendence symbolized and personified in the great journey that rises up from the main narrator. The study brings out a major unknown João Guimarães Rosa, his face epiphora, and a new approach to evil, through the philosophy of religious language. The paths of the myths, symbols and metaphors, it was possible to penetrate deep in the maze of evil, hidden in this masterpiece of Brazilian literature, and find paths to transcendence, overcoming the demon of tragedy, violence and death / A tese focaliza a obra principal de João Guimarães Rosa, Grande sertão: veredas, pelo prisma do mal, que se expressa em metáforas-epíforas e símbolos. Na primeira parte, expõe os fundamentos teóricos das analises: as metáforas e epíforas captadas na rica fonte de A Metáfora Viva de Paul Ricouer, e os símbolos do mal, que também se respaldam em obras do mesmo autor. Na segunda parte, mergulha na análise do texto de Rosa pela luz teórica da primeira. Apresenta o cenário do mal no grande sertão, que impregna os personagens de mitos e símbolos, onde emerge a figura de Riobaldo, em busca de superação pela sabedoria. A análise final da obra procede pelas metáforas que expressam o mal vivido pelos personagens e apontam caminho rumo à transcendência simbolizado e personalizado na grande travessia que desponta das falas do narrador principal. O estudo faz emergir um vulto desconhecido de João Guimarães Rosa, a sua face epifórica, e uma nova abordagem do mal, pela via da filosofia da linguagem religiosa. Pelas sendas dos mitos, dos símbolos e das metáforas, foi possível penetrar nos meandros profundos do mal, escondidos nessa obra prima da literatura brasileira, e descobrir veredas de transcendência, superando o demoníaco da tragédia, da violência e da morte

<p>The social policy defines what is social problems. There is no clear scientific explanation to why children fare badly and unity in what constitutes a bad parenthood that leads to deficiency of care (Sundell&Egelund 2000). The society's values are fickle and influences what to be defined as social problems. In the prevailing period, the discourse produces the social norm (Claezon 2004).</p><p>The aim with this study was to examine which children that fare badly and attitudes about it the good and the insufficient parenthood between 1921-1923 and 1997-2007. The survey was a qualitative file study in witch we studied child welfare. Resemblances and differences have also been studied between these two periods.  This in order to get a grasp on what has been changed and what is left of the old times and still influence the modern society in child welfare.</p><p>Our theoretical starting point is the power of the discourse.Children that are considered fare badly and the attitude of what defines good parenthood is shaped by the cultural values of society that is made visible in child welfare. Through this theoretical perspectives, children, young people and parents that are defined as deviant with shortcomings and imperfection that is to be corrected by the society’s measures. Fahlgren (1999) claims that discourse vary both historically and cultural in the society and its aim is to create order and truth within different areas and is also based on views about interpretation in the society. This is how norms are created of what is considered to be normal.</p><p>The result of our study shows that the social welfare of children is influenced by attitudes within society. The prevailing discourse influence how society defines which children fare badly and that the conception is about good respective insufficient parenthood. This is changed over time and characterized of the society's cultural and historical contexts.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: child welfare, children fare badly, parenthood</p>

The social policy defines what is social problems. There is no clear scientific explanation to why children fare badly and unity in what constitutes a bad parenthood that leads to deficiency of care (Sundell&amp;Egelund 2000). The society's values are fickle and influences what to be defined as social problems. In the prevailing period, the discourse produces the social norm (Claezon 2004). The aim with this study was to examine which children that fare badly and attitudes about it the good and the insufficient parenthood between 1921-1923 and 1997-2007. The survey was a qualitative file study in witch we studied child welfare. Resemblances and differences have also been studied between these two periods.  This in order to get a grasp on what has been changed and what is left of the old times and still influence the modern society in child welfare. Our theoretical starting point is the power of the discourse.Children that are considered fare badly and the attitude of what defines good parenthood is shaped by the cultural values of society that is made visible in child welfare. Through this theoretical perspectives, children, young people and parents that are defined as deviant with shortcomings and imperfection that is to be corrected by the society’s measures. Fahlgren (1999) claims that discourse vary both historically and cultural in the society and its aim is to create order and truth within different areas and is also based on views about interpretation in the society. This is how norms are created of what is considered to be normal. The result of our study shows that the social welfare of children is influenced by attitudes within society. The prevailing discourse influence how society defines which children fare badly and that the conception is about good respective insufficient parenthood. This is changed over time and characterized of the society's cultural and historical contexts.   Keywords: child welfare, children fare badly, parenthood

This is a study of the hardship suffered in Paul Ricoeur. Ricoeur believes that one of the greatest confusion pertains to the problem of evil is to put under the same optical phenomena as diverse as sin and suffering. Thus, this work tries to highlight the distinction made by the author of evil committed (sin) and the hardship suffered (suffering). For this purpose, it was necessary to conceptualize the harm in Ricoeur and then addressing the concept of harm suffered. For Ricoeur, the evil has not been the causative agent, to the extent that the suffering challenges us, hitting us indiscriminately. Finally, it is suggested that the wording of the evil is always unsatisfactory and therefore you must rescue the foundation of evil by an ethic that reflects from the set. / Trata-se de um estudo acerca do mal sofrido em Paul Ricoeur. Ricoeur acredita que uma das maiores confusões no que tange o problema do mal é colocar sob a mesma ótica fenômenos tão díspares como o pecado e sofrimento. Desta forma, esta dissertação busca evidenciar a distinção efetuada pelo autor entre o mal cometido (pecado) e o mal sofrido (sofrimento). Com esse propósito, foi necessário conceituar o mal em Ricoeur e, posteriormente, abordar o conceito de mal sofrido. Para Ricoeur, o mal sofrido não possui agente causador, na medida em que o sofrimento nos interpela, nos atingindo indiscriminadamente. Por fim, sugere-se que as formulações acerca do mal são sempre insatisfatórias e, por isso, é preciso resgatar o fundamento do mal mediante uma ética que reflita a partir do instituído.

Les actionneurs multi-axes sont de plus en plus prisés par les concepteurs de systèmes de nanopositionnement car ils permettent une réduction de l'espace occupé et de l'énergie consommée, une dextérité plus grande et une modularité avec peu de contraintes pour les applications. Certains de ces actionneurs et systèmes multi-axes sont cependant caractérisés par des oscillations mal-amorties qui compromettent de manière drastique leurs performances générales. Cette thèse concerne l'exploitation des techniques de commande en boucle-ouverte input-shaping classiquement utilisées pour amortir de manière sans capteurs les oscillations dans les systèmes mono-axes et les étendent pour qu'ils soient utilisables pour les systèmes multi-axes. Les résultats proposés dans la thèse qui sont des techniques input-shaping multivariables sont ensuite appliquées sur des actionneurs piézoélectriques classiquement dédiés pour les applications de nanopositionnement. / Multi-axes actuators are becoming more and more tempting to nanopositioning system designers as they enable them to save space, reduce energy consumption, increase dexterity and offer more modularity and freedom with fewer constraints to their applications. Some of these multi-axes actuators and systems exhibit however badly damped vibrations which strongly compromise their global performances. This thesis work exploits the advantages of the well-known feedforward input shaping techniques usually used to damp vibrations in monovariable (SISO) systems to present a new multivariable (MIMO) input shaping technique that can be used to damp vibrations in multi-axes systems. The approach that was used in this study is to extend a previous work that was done on multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems and generalize it for MIMO systems. The study demonstrates also the application of this newly developed technique on different piezoelectric actuators commonly used in nanopositioning systems.

En vertu de la règle du principe dispositif qui s’applique au procès administratif, le litige est la chose des parties : la matière de l’instance est fixée par les écritures que les parties rédigent et qu’elles soumettent au juge administratif. L’essence de l’office de ce juge consiste à trancher le litige en répondant juridiquement aux prétentions et à l’argumentation développées par les parties dans leurs écritures. L’étendue de son intervention est donc tributaire de la formulation des écritures qu’il devrait se borner à interpréter littéralement, et ce même lorsqu’elles sont maladroitement rédigées. Pourtant, le juge s’autorise à les interpréter extensivement ou restrictivement. Les raisons qui président à ce choix sont incertaines. L’un des enjeux de cette recherche est de les clarifier. Elle doit aussi déterminer l’étendue de ce pouvoir, et notamment son caractère – est-ce une faculté ou une obligation ? –, les éléments des écritures susceptibles d’être interprétés, les parties dont les écrits peuvent être appréciés, les méthodes mobilisées, ou encore ses limites et les contrôles auxquels il est soumis. Mais, à cause du rôle central des écritures dans le procès administratif, leur interprétation peut avoir d’importantes conséquences sur cette instance. Certaines interprétations peuvent même la déstabiliser. La recherche doit donc envisager les mécanismes permettant de corriger ces déséquilibres. En interprétant les écritures des parties, le juge participe à la fixation de la matière de l’instance. Dès lors, cette étude doit, plus fondamentalement, contribuer à déterminer l’auteur de cette substance : les parties ou le juge ? / According to the principle of party autonomy that rules the administrative trial, the litigation is the thing of the parties: the disputed matter is set out in the contentious writings the parties submit to the administrative judge. The essence of the office of this judge is to settle the disputed by legally answering the claims and arguments developed by the parties in their written pleadings. The scope of his intervention is therefore dependent on the wording of the contentious writings, which the judge should confine himself to literally interpreting, even when they are badly written. However, he allows himself to interpret them extensively or restrictively. The reasons for this choice are uncertain. One of the stakes of this research is to clarify them. It must also determine the scope of that power, and in particular its character - is it a possibility or an obligation? -, the elements of the written submissions likely to be interpreted, the parties whose writings can be assessed, the methods used, or its limits and the controls to which it is subject. But, because of the central role of the written pleadings in the administrative process, their interpretation can have important consequences on this instance. Some interpretations can even destabilize it. This research should therefore consider ways to correct such imbalances. In interpreting the parties’ written submissions, the judge participates in the determination of the disputed matter. Consequently, this study must, more fundamentally, contribute to determining the author of this matter: the parties or the judge?

La tesis estudia la historia de Argentina en relación con la obra de Ernesto Sábato. El trabajo intenta a través de la historia del país sudamericano y la lectura de la obra de Sábato llegar a conclusiones que permitan explicar los hechos sucedidos en diciembre del 2001 en Argentina. Para ello, la tesis lleva a cabo un estudio mítico de la historia de Argentina en el que destaca el realizado sobre la figura del emigrante, héroe de las novelas de Sábato, a quien se compara con Caín. Por tanto, Caín, Abel y el Dios judío, Yahvé, serán los personajes fundamentales estudiados en esta tesis para comprender el destino de la Argentina y de la obra de Sábato desde un punto de vista mítico, místico, simbólico y religioso. / The thesis studies the history of Argentina in relation to the work of Ernesto Sábato. The work tries, though the history of the south american country and the reading of the work of Sábato, to search conclusions that allow to explain the facts happened in December of 2001 in Argentina. For it, the thesis carries out a mythical study of the history of Argentina in which it emphasizes the made one on the figure of the emigrant, hero of novels of Sábato, to that it compares with Caín. Therefore, Caín, Abel and the Jewish God Yahvé, will be the fundamental personages studied in this one thesis to understand the destiny of the Argentina and the work of Sábato from a mythical, symbolic and religious point of view.