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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
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Showing 161 to 168 of 168 (0.043 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"bern"" "subject:"ber""
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Perspective vol. 10 no. 3 (Apr 1976)Piers, Ken, Moquist, Tod Nolan, Van Geest, Mieke, McIntire, C. T. 30 April 1976 (has links)
No description available.
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| 162 |
Comparison of diagnostic tools and molecular based techniques for the rapid identification of Escherichia coli and coliforms in contaminated river waterNdlovu, Thando January 2013 (has links)
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Environmental Health
in the Faculty of Applied Sciences
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013 / Water is an important daily requirement and in a clean, pure form, it promotes health and well-being. In addition to South Africa being one of the driest countries in the world, water availability is also being compromised by massive pollution of remaining water sources. The Berg- and Plankenburg Rivers are two of the surface water sources in the Western Cape, South Africa, which are highly polluted by sewage, industrial and agricultural run-off. The current investigation was aimed at comparing diagnostic tools, which are employed by municipalities and food industries, and molecular based techniques to routinely monitor water for indicator organisms in time- and cost-effective manner. These rivers were sampled twice a month (July 2010 to January 2011) at the sites closest to the informal settlements of Kayamandi in Stellenbosch (Plankenburg River) and Mbekweni in Paarl (Berg River).
The contamination levels of the two river systems were evaluated by the enumeration of Escherichia coli and coliforms using the Colilert 18® system, Membrane Filtration (MF) and Multiple Tube Fermentation (MTF) techniques. The highest faecal coliform count of 9.2 × 106 microorganisms/100 ml was obtained in weeks 21 and 28 from the Plankenburg River system by the MTF technique, while the lowest count of 1.1 × 103 microorganisms/100 ml was obtained in week one for both river systems by the MTF technique. The highest E. coli count of 1.7 × 106 microorganisms/100 ml was obtained from the Berg River system (week 9) using the MTF technique, while the lowest count of 3.6 × 102 microorganisms/100 ml was obtained by the MF technique from the Plankenburg River system. The coliform and E. coli counts obtained by the enumeration techniques thus significantly (p > 0.05) exceeded the guidelines of 2000 microorganisms/100 ml stipulated by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF, 1996) for water used in recreational purposes.
Overall the results obtained in this study showed that the water in the Berg- and Plankenburg River systems is highly polluted, especially where these water sources are used for irrigational and recreational purposes. For the coliform and E. coli counts obtained using the three enumeration techniques, it was noted that the MTF technique was more sensitive and obtained higher counts for most of the sampling weeks. However, the media (Membrane lactose glucuronide agar) used in the MF technique also effectively recovered environmentally stressed microbial cells and it was also better for the routine selection and growth of coliforms and E. coli. While E. coli and total coliforms were detected utilising the Colilert 18® system, accurate enumeration values for these two indicator groups was not obtained for the entire sampling period for both river systems. It has previously been shown that dilutions (up to 10-3) of highly polluted waters increase the accuracy of the Colilert 18® system to enumerate colifoms and E. coli in marine waters. As the results obtained utilising
the Colilert 18® system were also not comparable to the MF and MTF techniques it is recommended that highly polluted water samples be diluted to increase the accuracy of this system as a routine enumeration technique.
Water samples were directly inoculated onto MacConkey, Vile Red Bile (VRB) agar and the Chromocult Coliform agar (CCA) and single colonies were inoculated onto nutrient agar. Chromocult coliform agar proved to be more sensitive than MacConkey and VRB agar for the culturing of E. coli and coliforms. Preliminary identification of these colonies was done using the RapID ONE and API 20 E systems. The most isolated Enterobacteriaceae species by both systems, included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae in both river systems. The API 20 E system was more sensitive in the preliminary identification of the various isolates, as greater species diversity was obtained in comparison to the RapID ONE system.
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was firstly optimised using positive Enterobacteriaceae species. The optimised method was then applied to the analysis of river water samples, which were centrifuged to harvest the bacterial cells, with DNA extracted using the boiling method. The extracted DNA was amplified using conventional PCR with the aid of species specific primers. The Enterobacteriaceae species that were detected throughout the study period in both river systems include Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus. Conventional PCR was the most reliable and sensitive technique to detect Enterobacteriaceae to species level in a short period of time when compared to RapID ONE and the API 20 E systems. Multiplex PCR was optimised using the positive pathogenic E. coli strains namely, Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). It was then employed in river water sample analysis and enabled the detection of EAEC, EHEC, and EIEC strains in Berg River system, with only the EAEC detected in the Plankenburg River system. Real-time PCR was used to optimise the multiplex PCR in the amplification of E. coli strains and successfully reduced the time to obtain final results when using control organisms. Real-time PCR was found to be more sensitive and time-effective in the identification of E. coli strains, and also more pronounced DNA bands were observed in real-time PCR products compared to conventional-multiplex PCR amplicons.
To sustain the services provided by the Berg- and Plankenburg Rivers in the Western Cape (South Africa), these water sources should frequently be monitored, results assessed and reported according to the practices acknowledged by responsible bodies. It is therefore recommended that the enumeration techniques be used in conjunction with the very sensitive PCR technique for the accurate detection of coliforms and E. coli in river water samples.
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| 163 |
Perspective vol. 10 no. 3 (Apr 1976) / Perspective: Newsletter of the Association for the Advancement of Christian ScholarshipPiers, Ken, Moquist, Tod Nolan, Van Geest, Mieke, McIntire, C. T. 26 March 2013 (has links)
No description available.
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| 164 |
Site selection for the Small-Scale Aquaculture Farming Systems in the Western Cape : a GIS applicationSteer, Lorn Adam 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / The Rural Aquaculture Development Programme (RADP) of the Division of Aquaculture at Stellenbosch University (DASU) has the objective of socio-economic development of farm workers and rural communities from previously disadvantaged communities through the provision of opportunities for sustainable economic development by establishing small-scale fish-farming systems on irrigation dams.
The Small-Scale Aquaculture Farming Systems (SSAFS) is an initiative of RADP. DASU intends implementing 20 new projects by the end of 2005, 100 by 2010 and at least 200 by 2020. Thus far, sites which can accommodate 25 projects have been identified. The owners of the land on which these 25 possible projects are located are being contacted to gain permission to use the sites for the SSAFS. It is possible that some of the owners of the sites will not allow them to be used so that not all 25 projects will necessarily be implemented.
At present the predominant search method employed by DASU to find new sites involves two steps. Initially knowledge is acquired through word of mouth about dams that may be suitable. Personnel then drive to these dams for further inspection, to see if they are indeed suitable. This method of search is clearly both expensive and time-consuming. Geographical information systems (GIS) have as yet not been considered as an alternative and/or supplementary site selection method for the SSAFS. GIS tools and principles can reduce both expenses and time in locating sites by reducing the number of dams to be visited to only those that are optimal (i.e. they present the least risk of the SSAFS projects failing).
A new site selection methodology using GIS was developed which is faster and less expensive than existing site selection methods. The GIS site selection methodology revolves around the isolation and selection of dams in the Berg and Breede River water management areas, based on their ability to fulfil certain parameters of critical variables comprising dam dimensions, environmental issues, distance measures and site security, according to a priority hierarchy, that determine a successful site for trout farming according to methods employed by the SSAFS. Once this methodology was produced, it was presented to five people who are directly involved with the SSAFS as well as four others who are not involved with the SSAFS but who might find the methodology useful, to determine whether they hold that the methodology is indeed better than existing search methodologies. Those who were presented the GIS site selection methodology felt that it is very useful and that it could be employed in future to make more informed choices when locating new sites for the SSAFS as well as other aquacultural enterprises.
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| 165 |
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen bewegungstherapeutischer Intervention bei Parkinsonpatienten: Einfluss von Gleichgewichtstraining auf die posturale StabilitätAugustijn, Julia 31 July 2012 (has links)
Die posturale Instabilität zählt zu den am meisten beeinträchtigenden Symptomen der Parkinson-Krankheit. Die Störung der motorischen Gleichgewichtskontrolle ist progressiv im Verlauf und weder durch medikamentöse noch durch operative Methoden zufriedenstellend einzudämmen. In der Bewegungstherapie werden häufig Gleichgewichtsübungen empfohlen, um ein Fortschreiten der körperlichen Einschränkungen zu verringern. Der aktuelle wissenschaftliche Stand lässt allerdings eine Einschätzung zur Effektivität von Gleichgewichtstraining bei Parkinsonpatienten kaum zu. Dies ist u. a. auf einen Mangel an geeigneten Testverfahren zur Beurteilung der posturalen Instabilität zurückzuführen.
In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden die Auswirkungen eines 12-wöchigen Gleichgewichtstrainings bei Parkinsonpatienten auf die posturale Stabilität in einem umfassenden Testdesign, bestehend aus alltagsmotorischen, biomechanischen und subjektiven Testverfahren evaluiert.
In nahezu allen eingesetzten Testverfahren zeigte sich ein mehr oder weniger deutlicher Trend zu einer Verbesserung der posturalen Stabilität. Durch den Einsatz einer Testbatterie konnte somit insgesamt von einem positiven Einfluss eines Gleichgewichtstrainings auf die posturale Stabilität von Parkinsonpatienten ausgegangen werden.
Weiterhin werden zahlreiche positive Nebeneffekte bzgl. der allgemeinen Fitness, der psychischen und sozialen Situation durch ein zielgerichtetes Gruppentraining unter geschulter Anleitung vermutet.
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| 166 |
Schätze aus Vulkanen: Eine Zeitreise durch 300 Millionen Jahre ErdgeschichteHeß, Viola, Junge, Frank W. 11 November 2019 (has links)
Wir müssen nicht glauben, daß alle Wunder der Natur in anderen Ländern und Weltteilen seien. Sie sind überall. Aber diejenigen, die uns umgeben, achten wir nicht, weil wir sie von Kindheit an und täglich sehen.
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| 167 |
System för minskad fimpnedskräpning / System for reduced butt litteringBerg, David January 2012 (has links)
Fimpnedskräpning är ett problem ur flera aspekter. Fimparnas filter har en lång nedbrytningstid och innehåller tungmetallen kadmium, den lagras i allt organiskt. Med den största andelen av den totala mängden skräp har samhället varken råd att låta fimparna ligga kvar i naturen eller att plocka upp alla från densamma. Kemiskt och estetiskt såväl som ekonomiskt är fimpnedskräpningen ett dåtida, ett nutida och ett framtida problem. Lösningsförslag handlar ofta om restriktioner, ökade investeringar i renhållning eller tillgänglighet. Men en skräpig miljö behöver inte fler skräpinsamlare och botskrivare, utan färre nedskräpare. Filtren på cigaretter består av en plast kallad cellulosaacetat. Pressas de ihop ordentligt är deformationen plastisk, ett faktum efter utförda experiment. Det konstaterades att bestående tryckmönster i relief kan inpräntas i fimparnas filterplast. Detta ska uppfyllas via mobila askkoppar, kallade LitterPress. Dessa släcker, komprimerar och förvarar fimpar samtidigt som de omvandlar dess filter till lottsedlar. Vid användning märks filtren med respektive rökares person- eller telefonnummer i ett pressmoment. Alla cigaretter är därmed potentiella lotter som kan spåras tillbaka till inlämnarna. Förslaget uppmuntrar rökarna att tömma sina mobila askkoppar i numrerade stationära askkoppar, kallade LitterBox. Dessa fördelar slumpmässigt fimparna mellan två fack, ett huvudfack där de flesta hamnar och ett mindre fack där betydligt färre hamnar. Varje vecka slumpar ett dataprogram fram ett nummer mellan 1 och antalet uppsatta stationära askkoppar. De som har märkta fimpar, i den utlottade stationära askkoppens mindre fack, erhåller en kännbar ekonomisk utdelning. Det ska gå att tilldela en eventuell utdelning till en specifik verksamhet. Detta uppfylls genom att den mobila askkoppen ställs in på att märka filtren med ett organisationsnummer. Oberoende av märkning kan det parallellt ske en fortlöpande utdelning till välgörande ändamål, där en bestämd summa skänks för varje fimp i det mindre facket. Detta utgör konceptet LitterLott, ett skräplotteri med LitterPress och LitterBox som komponenter. Alla deltagare har en chans att ta del av de skräpkostnader och miljöbelastningar de besparar samhället. Innovativt och pedagogiskt ökar medvetenheten kring både återvinning och kostnader kopplade till nedskräpning. En hemsida annonserar aktuell LitterBox och veckans ”återvinnare”. Där ska det gå att registrera medlemskap, följa utvecklingen av LitterLott och delta i ämnesrelaterade diskussioner. Företag, kommunala verksamheter, stiftelser och organisationer kan också anmäla sitt intresse i att vara med och samarbeta för en mer hållbar miljö. Projektets intention är att väcka debatt med fokus på viktiga frågor angående miljö, nedskräpning och återvinning. Frågor som är relevanta i dagens samhälle och nödvändiga för morgondagens. / Butt littering is a problem in several ways. The filter of the cigarette butts have long degradation time and contain cadmium, a heavy metal stored in organic tissues. With a large fraction of the total amount of litter the society can neither afford to ignore or collect every cigarette butt dropped in the environment. Chemically and esthetically as well as economically butt littering is a past, a present and a future problem. Suggestions of solutions often involve restrictions, increased investments in cleaning efforts or in accessibility. But a littered environment doesn’t need more bins or stricter laws, it needs less littering. Cigarettes have filters that contain a plastic fiber called cellulose acetate. If they are enough compressed the deformation is plastic, a fact after empirical experiments. Definite permanent patterns in relief could be formed within the plastic fiber of the filters. This will be achieved through mobile ashtrays, called LitterPress. These stub out, compress and store cigarette butts along with transforming its filters to lottery tickets. In use, a press motion marks the filters with the social security number or the phone number of each user respectively. In other words, all cigarettes are potential lottery tickets which can be traced to its recycler. The proposition encourages the smokers to empty their mobile ashtrays into numbered stationary ashtrays, called LitterBox. These will randomly divide the butts between two compartments. One is large where the majority end up and one is small, enclosing significantly fewer. A computer program will weekly and randomly pick a number between 1 and the number of stationary installed ashtrays. Those who have their marked cigarette butts in the smaller compartment, of the stationary ashtray of the week, will collect a noticeable economic payoff. There will be possible to allocate any payoff to a specific business. This is done by adjusting the mobile ashtray to mark the filters with an organization number. Irrespective of marking there can also be a continuously payoff to charity, where a fixed amount is allocated for each cigarette butt in the smaller compartment. In action the two physical products are components in the concept of LitterLott, a lottery out of litter. Participants have a chance to receive a part of the litter expenses and environmental impositions they spare the society. In an innovative and pedagogic way the awareness increases around recycling and what the costs are to refrain. A homepage will announce current LitterBox along with the fortunate recyclers. One may register membership, follow the development of LitterLott and participate in discussions related to the subject. Also companies, municipal businesses and organizations can declare their interests in being a part of the concept and cooperate towards a healthier environment. The intention is to start a debate focusing on important environmentally related questions, littering in general and recycling. Those questions are relevant in today’s society and necessary for tomorrows.
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Samband mellan geologiska och bergmekaniska egenskaper i bergmaterial som bärlager till riksväg 51 : Riksväg 51 sträckan Svennevad - KvarntorpskorsetLandeman, Philip January 2018 (has links)
This thesis was created to ensure the quality of the rock which would be crushed to base layer construction material, in a road cut at Swedish highway 51, and to find a possible link between the rock's abrasion resistance and its mineralogy. Rock samples were collected, and among other things, several ball mill tests were carried out. The design of the road project was carried out by Loxia Group AB with NCC Group as contractor.A total of 18 rock samples and 2 base layer samples were taken in the area and they were all tested in a ball mill. The results showed that of the 18 rock samples, 2 samples had a ball mill value of less than 16 on the scale, 10 samples had values from 16 to 20, in addition to this, 3 samples had values from 20 to 21 and 3 samples had values in excess of 21 on the Swedish ball mill scale.Of the 3 samples with a ball mill value higher than 21, all contained a larger amount of biotite. Biotite did not appear to the same extent among the samples that ended up further down the ball mill scale. This link was so clear that a conclusion was subsequently drawn from this. The samples taken on the prefabricated base layer both had a ball mill value between 16 and 20. Overall, both the base layer and the rock material passed the Swedish Government’s Transport Administration’s requirements according to "TRVKB 10, Obundna lager". The rock type that was on the south part of the rock cut, adjacent to a deformation zone, had way too poor quality to undergo a ball mill test and therefore there are no values taken from that area.The conclusion of the work is that the rock material overall meets the Swedish Government’s Transport Administration’s requirements for base layer construction materials according to "TRVKB 10 Obundna lager", that a clear link between the proportion of biotite in a rock material and its abrasion resistance exists, and that the broken rock in the south should not be used as construction materials since the rock has insufficient mechanic capacity.
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