Alors que l’on observe un déni du racisme systémique dans le discours politique dominant au Québec, les citoyen.nes et les immigrant.es racisé.es sont les cibles de traitements oppressifs dans diverses institutions à travers la province, y compris au sein des écoles (Pierre et Bosset, 2020). Cette situation concerne plus particulièrement les élèves noir.es qui ont témoigné avoir subi des expériences de racisme dans les établissements d'enseignement (CDPDJ, 2011; Collins et Magnan, 2018; Louis, 2020). Face au déni du racisme caractéristique du discours dominant, une étude empirique, dans une perspective intersectionnelle et critique, s’avère nécessaire afin d’analyser les expériences scolaires des élèves noir.es, au regard des expériences de racisme vécues et en lien avec leur portrait socio-éducatif préoccupant (Caldas et al., 2009; Livingstone & Weinfeld, 2017). Eu égard à la surreprésentation des jeunes Noir.es en adaptation scolaire (Mc Andrew et Ledent, 2008), cette étude documente plus spécifiquement les expériences des élèves noir.es dans les écoles anglophones du Québec tout au long du processus de classement. Il s’agit également d’analyser les obstacles structurels auxquels ces élèves font face. Cette recherche prend appui sur le cadre théorique « Discrit » (Annamma et al, 2016) qui met en évidence l’interrelation entre le capacitisme et le racisme, en analysant comment l’articulation entre ces deux dimensions contribue au maintien de systèmes éducatifs inéquitables. De même, une approche méthodologique qualitative critique a été privilégiée, à travers le recours à la méthode du contre-récit (Solorzano & Yosso, 2002). Les entretiens - menés auprès de 21 intervenant.es scolaires et de 20 élèves du secondaire - ainsi que l’analyse des dossiers scolaires de ces derniers, ont principalement fait ressortir l’existence d’un décalage entre les discours des intervenant.es relatifs à leurs pratiques - perçues généralement comme inclusives, bienveillantes et bénéfiques pour les élèves - et les expériences relatées par la plupart des élèves. La majorité des élèves noir.es interrogé.es se trouvait dans l’impossibilité de participer pleinement au processus menant à leur classement en adaptation scolaire, n’ayant pas connaissance des codes et des étiquettes qui leur avaient été attribuées, ni des mesures de soutien existantes. Ils (Elles) se sentaient confronté.es à des environnements d’apprentissage perçus comme malveillants et insécures, à la négligence scolaire ainsi qu'à des formes sévères de discipline. Les résultats de l’étude suggèrent que les processus de classement en adaptation scolaire sont entachés de pratiques et de politiques racistes et capacitistes envers les enfants noir.es dont les droits éducatifs ne sont pas pleinement respectés -ces derniers étant traités comme des adultes, médicalisés et criminalisés. / While systemic racism continues to be denied in dominant political discourse in Quebec, racialized citizens and immigrants are the targets of oppressive treatment in various institutions across the province, including schools (Pierre & Bosset, 2020). This situation is particularly salient for Black students who have reported various manifestations of anti-Black racism in educational institutions (CDPDJ, 2011; Collins & Magnan, 2018; Louis, 2020). These experiences in conjunction with their concerning socio-educational portrait (Caldas et al., 2009; Livingstone & Weinfeld, 2017) and the predominant race and racism denial discourse incite a critical intersectional investigation of their school experiences. Specifically in light of their overrepresentation in special education (Mc Andrew & Ledent, 2008), this study documents Black student experiences in Quebec English schools throughout the special education placement process, and analyzes the systemic and structural barriers they encounter. A DisCrit theoretical framework guided the inquiry, as it addresses the interrelationship of ableism and racism, and how they work in tandem to maintain systems of inequity (Annamma et al., 2016). Similarly, a critical qualitative methodological approach was employed, using a counter-story method (Solorzano & Yosso, 2002). Following the analysis of interviews with 21 school board members and 20 high school students, as well as their student files, the main results showed that while school board personnel perceived most of their practices as inclusive, benevolent, and beneficial to students, the majority of the reported student experiences do not coincide. Throughout the special education placement process, Black students were prevented from accessing information and fully participating in their own special education placement processes, as the majority were unaware of the codes and labels they had been attributed, and the support measures available to them. They were exposed to perceived unwelcoming and unsafe environments, academic neglect, as well as harsh forms of discipline. The analysis of the results suggests that special education placement processes are tainted by anti-Black and ableist practices and policies that adultify, medicalized and criminalize the behaviors of Black children, while failing to fully uphold their educational rights.

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Transformation of the higher education system has come under the spotlight recently. At the core of this debate are issues pertaining to access and throughput rates at universities. Although access has improved significantly, throughput rates remain relatively low especially amongst black students (Council on Higher Education, 2017). The current study aims to explore the learning experiences and academic performance of postgraduate black students at the university of South Africa. Through a qualitative approach that included interviews, a phenomenological research design and critical race theory to gain an insiders perspective. This approach is chosen for its ability to generate rich descriptive and interpretive accounts of events based on the participant’s narratives. The findings revealed that the variation in learning experiences and academic performance was accounted for by background factors rather than student’s own intellectual or academic competencies. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology with specialisation in Research Consultation)

Esse estudo investigou a construção de projetos familiares e individuais de ascensão de jovens negros que percebem na carreira universitária um campo de possibilidade de aquisição de capital econômico, social e cultural, em uma sociedade marcada pela exclusão e diferenciação pela cor. Esta dissertação articula duas questões pertinentes as dinâmicas da vida social contemporânea. A primeira questão diz respeito aos valores da moderna-sociedade contemporânea a partir do tema de projetos sociais como sistema cultural que orienta indivíduos e grupos sociais em suas perspectivas de integração as formas sociais idealizadas pelas estruturas de poder ocidental. A segunda questão refere-se a um tema milenar da identidade e diferença, a partir do problema da discriminação e desigualdade vinculada a perspectiva da etnicidade e, no Brasil, historicamente relacionada ao processo da dominação de brancos sobre negros e outras etnias estruturalmente dimensionadas na condição de minorias. A carreira universitária nas sociedades complexas evidencia uma ascensão social e condições mais propícias para inserção no mercado de trabalho e configura-se enquanto um campo de possibilidade de aquisição de capital econômico, social e cultural. Para dar conta do processo de inserção desses estudantes na universidade foram desenvolvidas as trajetórias que levam a uma formação universitária, formação esta, que faz parte de um investimento familiar. A importância da família na elaboração do projeto é percebida nas experiências diversificadas que ela proporciona conforme seu ethos e visão de mundo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido junto a estudantes negros de diferentes universidades de Porto Alegre e região metropolitana. / This research is aimed to the construction processes of individual and family projects of emergent black youth, whose career at the university was signified as a field of possibilities in obtaining economic, social and cultural capital in a society defined by exclusion and skin color prejudice. This dissertation articulates two questions related to the dynamics of contemporary life. The first question refers to modern society values concerning social projects as a cultural system in which individuals and groups are oriented by social forms and structures of western power. The second question refers to the topic of identity and difference, based on the problem of inequality and discrimination linked the perspective of ethnicity and - historically in Brazil - to the processes of domination by white over black populations and other ethnic and minority groups. The university career in so called complex societies promotes a social ascension, which guarantees the entrance in the marketplace and represents a field of possibilities for the acquisition of economic, social and cultural capital. In order to analyze the university career of black students, a trajectory analysis was performed. The importance of family ties in the elaboration of a life project was observed in the everyday life experiences, world view and ethos. The current research work was developed among university black students from Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil) and its surrounding areas.

Esse estudo investigou a construção de projetos familiares e individuais de ascensão de jovens negros que percebem na carreira universitária um campo de possibilidade de aquisição de capital econômico, social e cultural, em uma sociedade marcada pela exclusão e diferenciação pela cor. Esta dissertação articula duas questões pertinentes as dinâmicas da vida social contemporânea. A primeira questão diz respeito aos valores da moderna-sociedade contemporânea a partir do tema de projetos sociais como sistema cultural que orienta indivíduos e grupos sociais em suas perspectivas de integração as formas sociais idealizadas pelas estruturas de poder ocidental. A segunda questão refere-se a um tema milenar da identidade e diferença, a partir do problema da discriminação e desigualdade vinculada a perspectiva da etnicidade e, no Brasil, historicamente relacionada ao processo da dominação de brancos sobre negros e outras etnias estruturalmente dimensionadas na condição de minorias. A carreira universitária nas sociedades complexas evidencia uma ascensão social e condições mais propícias para inserção no mercado de trabalho e configura-se enquanto um campo de possibilidade de aquisição de capital econômico, social e cultural. Para dar conta do processo de inserção desses estudantes na universidade foram desenvolvidas as trajetórias que levam a uma formação universitária, formação esta, que faz parte de um investimento familiar. A importância da família na elaboração do projeto é percebida nas experiências diversificadas que ela proporciona conforme seu ethos e visão de mundo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido junto a estudantes negros de diferentes universidades de Porto Alegre e região metropolitana. / This research is aimed to the construction processes of individual and family projects of emergent black youth, whose career at the university was signified as a field of possibilities in obtaining economic, social and cultural capital in a society defined by exclusion and skin color prejudice. This dissertation articulates two questions related to the dynamics of contemporary life. The first question refers to modern society values concerning social projects as a cultural system in which individuals and groups are oriented by social forms and structures of western power. The second question refers to the topic of identity and difference, based on the problem of inequality and discrimination linked the perspective of ethnicity and - historically in Brazil - to the processes of domination by white over black populations and other ethnic and minority groups. The university career in so called complex societies promotes a social ascension, which guarantees the entrance in the marketplace and represents a field of possibilities for the acquisition of economic, social and cultural capital. In order to analyze the university career of black students, a trajectory analysis was performed. The importance of family ties in the elaboration of a life project was observed in the everyday life experiences, world view and ethos. The current research work was developed among university black students from Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil) and its surrounding areas.

Esse estudo investigou a construção de projetos familiares e individuais de ascensão de jovens negros que percebem na carreira universitária um campo de possibilidade de aquisição de capital econômico, social e cultural, em uma sociedade marcada pela exclusão e diferenciação pela cor. Esta dissertação articula duas questões pertinentes as dinâmicas da vida social contemporânea. A primeira questão diz respeito aos valores da moderna-sociedade contemporânea a partir do tema de projetos sociais como sistema cultural que orienta indivíduos e grupos sociais em suas perspectivas de integração as formas sociais idealizadas pelas estruturas de poder ocidental. A segunda questão refere-se a um tema milenar da identidade e diferença, a partir do problema da discriminação e desigualdade vinculada a perspectiva da etnicidade e, no Brasil, historicamente relacionada ao processo da dominação de brancos sobre negros e outras etnias estruturalmente dimensionadas na condição de minorias. A carreira universitária nas sociedades complexas evidencia uma ascensão social e condições mais propícias para inserção no mercado de trabalho e configura-se enquanto um campo de possibilidade de aquisição de capital econômico, social e cultural. Para dar conta do processo de inserção desses estudantes na universidade foram desenvolvidas as trajetórias que levam a uma formação universitária, formação esta, que faz parte de um investimento familiar. A importância da família na elaboração do projeto é percebida nas experiências diversificadas que ela proporciona conforme seu ethos e visão de mundo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido junto a estudantes negros de diferentes universidades de Porto Alegre e região metropolitana. / This research is aimed to the construction processes of individual and family projects of emergent black youth, whose career at the university was signified as a field of possibilities in obtaining economic, social and cultural capital in a society defined by exclusion and skin color prejudice. This dissertation articulates two questions related to the dynamics of contemporary life. The first question refers to modern society values concerning social projects as a cultural system in which individuals and groups are oriented by social forms and structures of western power. The second question refers to the topic of identity and difference, based on the problem of inequality and discrimination linked the perspective of ethnicity and - historically in Brazil - to the processes of domination by white over black populations and other ethnic and minority groups. The university career in so called complex societies promotes a social ascension, which guarantees the entrance in the marketplace and represents a field of possibilities for the acquisition of economic, social and cultural capital. In order to analyze the university career of black students, a trajectory analysis was performed. The importance of family ties in the elaboration of a life project was observed in the everyday life experiences, world view and ethos. The current research work was developed among university black students from Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil) and its surrounding areas.

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<p> </p> <p>Traditional kinship systems involve the organization of individuals who are biologically connected. However, such systems have evolved beyond bloodlines to incorporate individuals that are biologically unassociated but operate in familial-like roles due to shared spaces and/or experiences. Historically, kinship systems or cultural networks have functioned as the cornerstone of survival for those of the Black lived experience. From the days of legalized human chattel slavery to present-day movements seeking justice for the minoritized, the foundation of kinship was typically built through the local church, the assumed maternal positions by Black women, Black secret societies and more. They each served, and continue to serve, as a means for survival and success against a systemically oppressive society. This study explores the notion and existence of kinship systems at historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). It specifically examines how fictive kinships through the lens of faculty-student dynamics, religion, and social activities, potentially influences the academic experience of Black students at HBCUs that currently have an above average retention rate. As America’s educational institution has lacked diversity, inclusion, justice, and equity for Black people for countless years, the primary mission of this study was to amplify Black student voices which have traditionally been suppressed. A supplemental goal of this study was to offer Black students tools for introspection that will aid them in navigating possible barriers to (post) educational success. In turn, this study gives insight to predominantly white institutions of higher learning on how to positively enhance the experience and retention of Black students, and the overall structure of diversity and inclusion on campus.</p>