Esta dissertação objetivou compreender percepções de estudantes universitários sobre a transição entre os papéis de estudante a trabalhador / profissional, investigando a influência dos processos de adaptabilidade de carreira e das experiências acadêmicas, especialmente o estágio, para a transição de identidade. O Estudo 1 consistiu em um levantamento quantitativo, mapeando percepções sobre a formação e avaliando aspectos do desenvolvimento de carreira. Participaram 62 alunos de Engenharia Civil que estavam cursando o último ou penúltimo semestre. O Estudo 2, qualitativo, aprofundou a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas o tema investigado. Participaram 6 estudantes selecionados da amostra do Estudo 1. Os principais resultados sugeriram que as experiências de estágio influenciam o desenvolvimento de dimensões da adaptabilidade de carreira, bem como a adaptabilidade influencia o aproveitamento das vivências de estágio. Tais experiências mostraram-se fundamentais no processo de transição do papel de estudante para o papel profissional. Conclui-se com implicações para a prática e a pesquisa. / This dissertation aimed to understand university student’s perceptions of the transition from the role of student to worker and professional, investigating the influence of career adaptability processes and academic experiences, especially internships, to identity transition. Study 1 used a quantitative and exploratory method in order to identify perceptions about the graduation experiences and assess career development variables. The sample was constituted of 62 Civil Engineering students in the last or penultimate semester. Study 2 used a qualitative design to produce deeper understandings about this theme through semi-structured interviews. Six students selected from Study 1 took part on Study 2. The main results suggested that internship experiences influence career adaptability development, as well as adaptability influences how the students benefit from internship experiences. Those experiences were found to be essential in the process of transition from student to professional role. Conclusions set directions for future research and practice.

Esta dissertação objetivou compreender percepções de estudantes universitários sobre a transição entre os papéis de estudante a trabalhador / profissional, investigando a influência dos processos de adaptabilidade de carreira e das experiências acadêmicas, especialmente o estágio, para a transição de identidade. O Estudo 1 consistiu em um levantamento quantitativo, mapeando percepções sobre a formação e avaliando aspectos do desenvolvimento de carreira. Participaram 62 alunos de Engenharia Civil que estavam cursando o último ou penúltimo semestre. O Estudo 2, qualitativo, aprofundou a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas o tema investigado. Participaram 6 estudantes selecionados da amostra do Estudo 1. Os principais resultados sugeriram que as experiências de estágio influenciam o desenvolvimento de dimensões da adaptabilidade de carreira, bem como a adaptabilidade influencia o aproveitamento das vivências de estágio. Tais experiências mostraram-se fundamentais no processo de transição do papel de estudante para o papel profissional. Conclui-se com implicações para a prática e a pesquisa. / This dissertation aimed to understand university student’s perceptions of the transition from the role of student to worker and professional, investigating the influence of career adaptability processes and academic experiences, especially internships, to identity transition. Study 1 used a quantitative and exploratory method in order to identify perceptions about the graduation experiences and assess career development variables. The sample was constituted of 62 Civil Engineering students in the last or penultimate semester. Study 2 used a qualitative design to produce deeper understandings about this theme through semi-structured interviews. Six students selected from Study 1 took part on Study 2. The main results suggested that internship experiences influence career adaptability development, as well as adaptability influences how the students benefit from internship experiences. Those experiences were found to be essential in the process of transition from student to professional role. Conclusions set directions for future research and practice.

Esta tese teve como objetivo compreender impactos e processos de mudança relacionados com o aconselhamento de carreira a estudantes universitários. Desenvolveu-se um modelo de atendimento construtivista narrativo, fundamentado no Paradigma Life-Design, com duração média de dez sessões individuais em periodicidade semanal. O primeiro estudo investigou se a intervenção seria capaz de promover impactos em adaptabilidade de carreira, sentido de vida e nas narrativas autobiográficas dos clientes (em reflexão autobiográfica e em valência afetiva das narrativas), valendo-se de um delineamento quase-experimental. O segundo e o terceiro estudos buscaram compreender a relação entre os impactos do atendimento com os processos de mudança narrativa, avaliados com o Modelo dos Momentos de Inovação nas sessões, em dois estudos de caso com características diferenciadas. Os resultados do primeiro estudo indicaram que a intervenção foi efetiva na promoção de recursos de adaptabilidade de preocupação, controle, curiosidade e confiança, bem como em dimensões de desenvolvimento de carreira com aproximação conceitual à adaptabilidade, como identidade profissional, decisão de carreira, planejamento de carreira e autoeficácia profissional. Ainda, os participantes da intervenção demonstraram aumento significativo na dimensão de presença de sentido de vida e diminuição na saliência afetiva negativa na forma como narravam as suas histórias de vida. Nenhuma mudança significativa foi constatada em relação ao grupo de comparação, formado por estudantes que não participaram de qualquer atendimento no mesmo período. Os estudos de caso possibilitaram compreender os impactos de forma integrada aos processos de mudança, evidenciando que desfechos positivos do aconselhamento de carreira estiveram associados a padrões de momentos de inovação de complexificação crescente ao longo do processo, e pela presença de momentos de inovação de reflexão sobre a mudança e de reconceitualização. Esses dois tipos de inovação se apresentaram de forma diferenciada em cada um dos casos, que também se diferenciaram quanto aos impactos do processo em reflexão autobiográfica. Abordam-se as conexões entre o processo de reflexão autobiográfica e esses tipos de momentos de inovação. Além disso, estabelecem-se relações entre as diferentes características dos clientes quanto às suas demandas e etapas de desenvolvimento psicossocial com os impactos e processos de mudança no atendimento. Por fim, são traçadas implicações para a teoria, a pesquisa e a prática do aconselhamento de carreira. / This dissertation aimed to understand outcomes and change processes associated with a career counseling intervention targeted at university students. A constructivist narrative model of career counseling, based on Life-Design Paradigm, was developed and delivered individually, in approximately 10 sessions, once a week. The first study investigated the outcomes of the intervention in career adaptability, meaning in life and clients’ autobiographical narratives (in autobiographical reasoning and emotional valence), using a quasi-experimental design. The second and the third studies aimed to understand the relation between the outcomes of the intervention and narrative change processes, assessed through the innovative moments model in the sessions. These studies were conducted with two clients with different characteristics. Results from the first study showed that the intervention was effective in promoting career adaptability resources of concern, control, curiosity and confidence, as well as career development dimensions that have conceptual proximity to adaptability, as professional identity, career decision, career planning and professional self-efficacy. Participants also demonstrated a significant increase in the dimension of presence of meaning in life, and a significant decrease in negative emotional salience used to narrate their life stories. No significant change was observed in the comparison group, constituted by students that were not participating in interventions at the same period. The case studies contributed to an integrated understanding of outcomes and processes of change, showing that positive outcomes in career counseling are associated with a pattern of progressive complexification of innovative moments during the process, and with the presence of reflection about change and reconceptualization innovative moments. These types of innovation differed from one case to the other, and different outcomes related to autobiographical reasoning were also observed. Connections between the process of autobiographical reasoning and these types of innovative moments are addressed. In addition, relations between client’s demands and psychosocial developmental characteristics with the outcomes and processes of change during career counseling are delineated. Finally, implications for theory, research and intervention are outlined.

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the relationship between top academic achievement in Grade 12 and certain characteristics of career adaptability. The career construction theory and the counselling model for life designing constituted the theoretical framework for the study. This research study of limited scope was conducted according to an interpretivist metatheoretical paradigm. I followed a qualitative methodological paradigm based on a case study design. Purposive sampling was used to select participants according to their top academic achievement. A very important factor in all case studies is the collection of data from multiple sources. Therefore, data collection methods included the Career Adapt-Abilities Inventory, individual interviews, life line and life story. A deductive style of analysis was used to identify themes (concern, control, curiosity, confidence). Inductive analysis was used to identify subthemes. Based on the findings of the study the salient aspects of career adaptability were established as being concern, control, curiosity and confidence. The importance of career adaptability when negotiating change was demonstrated by participants in their orientation and preparation for the future, making decisions after careful planning and exploration, and seeking information, as well as having confidence in their own ability and choices. Finally the findings of my research study suggest a significant relationship between Grade 12 top academic achievement and certain characteristics of career adaptability. Additionally findings suggest that other variables such as participation in extracurricular activities, gender, race and socioeconomic circumstances should not be excluded and therefore need to be investigated further. Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

The objectives of the study were (1) to determine the relationship between career adaptability (measured by the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale) and employee engagement (measured by the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale), and (2) to determine whether age, race, gender and tenure groups differ significantly regarding career adaptability and employee engagement. A quantitative survey was conducted on a convenience sample (N = 131) of employees within a business unit of a large insurance company in South Africa. Correlational and inferential statistical analyses revealed significant relationships between career adaptability and employee engagement as well as significant differences between age and race groups on some dimensions of the constructs. These findings contribute valuable insight and knowledge to the field of Organisational Psychology and Career Psychology that can be applied in engagement strategies as well as in career guidance and counselling. The study concluded with recommendations for future research and practice. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

The research focused on the relationship between hardiness and career adaptability of students studying at Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Colleges in Gauteng. A quantitative survey was conducted on a convenience sample of (N = 198) of African (92.9%), female (57.6%), single (96.0%), aged 21 years and younger (93.9%) students enrolled at Gauteng TVET colleges for N1 – N6 Engineering Studies (32.8%). A correlational analysis indicated differences between the variables of hardiness and career adaptability and the study reveals that overall hardiness was significantly related to overall career adaptability. A stepwise regression analysis indicated that gender and the hardiness attributes (commitment, control and challenge) predicted career adaptability. The test for significant mean differences indicated that age, gender and field of study differ significantly between the variables of hardiness and career adaptability. Limitations for the study are outlined. Furthermore, recommendations are suggested for use by human resource regarding career development practices for TVET college students. The study concludes with an evaluation of its contribution. / Human Resource Management / M. Com. (Human Resource Management)

The aim of the dissertation was to examine the relationship between career adaptability, sense of coherence (SOC) and career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE), and whether there were any demographic differences, namely age, gender and race, between the constructs. The Career Adapt-ability Scale South Africa (CAAS-South Africa), Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ-13), Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form (CDSE-SF) and a demographical questionnaire were applied in a convenience sample comprising 317 undergraduate students at a residential university in South Africa. The results indicated a moderate positive relationship between career adaptability, and SOC, and a strong positive relationship between career adaptability and CDMSE. CDMSE predicted career adaptability with a variance of 43%. SOC did not emerge as a significant predictor of career adaptability. No gender differences were found. This study makes a valuable contribution to the existing literature and practice, showing that CDMSE and SOC can have an impact on the career adaptability of undergraduate students. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Summaries in English, Zulu and Southern Sotho / The primary aim of the study was to explore the relationship between career adaptability and organisational commitment of employees who work in the investment sector. The secondary aim was to ascertain whether individuals from various demographics (age groups, gender, ethnicity, qualifications, tenure and business unit) differed significantly regarding their career adaptability and organisational commitment. A cross-sectional quantitative, correlational research approach was followed where a non-probability convenience sample (n=200) of permanent employees in the investment sector was used. The instruments used for the study were the biographical questionnaire, Career Adapt Abilities Scale (CAAS) and Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ). The research results revealed statistically significant relationships between career adaptability and organisational commitment of employees who work in the investment sector in terms of correlational and inferential statistical analyses. There were statistically significant relationships between the demographic variables with some dimensions of career adaptability and organisational commitment. The test of mean differences revealed that some differences exist in career adaptability and organisational commitment in terms of demographical variables. The study provides recommendations for use by industrial psychology professionals in terms of career adaptability and organisational commitment practices, specifically within the investment sector. / Inhloso engaphezulu yalolucwaningo yabe ingukucubungula ubudlelwano phakathi kokuzinza ezifundweni-msebenzi nokuzibophela kwabasebenzi ezinkampanini zasengxenyeni yokukhulisa umnotho wezimali. Inhloso engaphansi yabe ingukungukuqondisisa ukuthi ngabe labasebenzi abakhethiwe bayahlukahlukana na ngokwenhloso engaphezulu uma kucutshungulwa ngokweminyaka yobudala babo, nangokohlanga lwabo, nangokwezinga lemfundo abalizuzile ekuqeqeshweni kwabo, nangokwesikhathi asebasisebenzile egunjini elikhethiwe enkampanini yabo. Ngokwenhloso engaphansi, lolucwaningo lacubungula ngokuqhathanisa okusemaphakathini kwalabasebenzi abangu (n=200) ababekhethwe kalula bebonke, ngesizathu sokuqhashwa kwabo ngokuphelele kulenkampani eyabe ikhethiwe. Amathulusi asetshenziswa ahlaziya ngokwenhloso yangaphansi eqoshelwe ukucubungula izilinganiso zamakhono emfundo-msebenzi (CAAS) kanye nokuzibophela kwabasebenzi ezinkampanini abasebenza kuzo (OCQ). Imiphumela yocubungulo yabubonisa ngokungasoleki ubudlelwano obuqondile nobuchazekayo ngokwamanani ohlaziyo phakathi kokuzinza ezifundweni-msebenzi nokuzibophela kwalabasebenzi enkampanini eyayikhethiwe esengxenyeni yokukhulisa umnotho wezimali. Imiphumela yocubungulo yabubonisa futhi ubudlelwano obungasoleki phakathi kweminyaka yobudala yalabasebenzi ababekhethiwe, nobulili babo, nobuhlanga babo, nezinga lezifundo abalifinyelele, nangeminyaka asebayisebenza engxenyeni abasebenza kuyo umakulinganiswa ukuzinza ezifundweni-msebenzi nokuzibophela kwabo lulenkampani ekhethiwe abasebenza kuyo. Ngaleyondlela, ucubungulo lwezilinganiso ezahlukahlukene lwabonisa ukuthi ukhona umahluko phakathi kokuzinza ezifundweni-msebenzi nokuzibophela kwabasebenzi ngokwenhloso engaphansi. Kanjalo, locubungulo lunikeza imibono engasetshenziswa ozosayensi bengqondo mayelana nokuziphatha kwabasebenzi umabefuna ulwazi ngokuzinza ezifundweni-msebenzi nasekuzibopheleni ezinkampanini kwabasebenzi. / Morero oa pele oa boithuto e ne e le ho lekola likamano lipakeng tsa ho ikamahanya le maemo mesebetsing le boitlamo ba mokhatlo hara basebetsi ba lekala la matsete. Morero oa bobeli e ne e le ho netefatsa hore na batho ba lilemo tse fapaneng, bong, morabe, mangolo a thuto, nako ea khoebo le khoebo li fapane haholo mabapi le ho ikamahanya le maemo mosebetsing le boitlamo ba mokhatlo. Mokhoa o fapaneng oa likarolo tse ngata, oa boithuto o kopaneng o ile oa lateloa moo sampole e sa khonehang ea bonolo (n = 200) ea basebetsi ba ka mehla lefapheng la matsete e sebelisitsoeng. Lisebelisoa tse sebelisitsoeng bakeng sa boithuto e ne e le lenane la lipotso tse mabapi le lipale tsa bophelo, Career Adapt Ability Scale (CAAS) le Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ). Sephetho sa lipatlisiso se senotse likamano tsa bohlokoa lipalo pakeng tsa ho ikamahanya le maemo mosebetsing le boitlamo ba mokhatlo hara basebetsi ba lekala la matsete ho latela ditshekatseko tsa liphuputso tse amanang le lipalo-palo. Ho bile le likamano tsa bohlokoa lipalo-palong lipakeng tsa lilemo, bong, morabe, mangolo a thuto, nako ea khoebo le yuniti ea khoebo maemong a mang a ho ikamahanya le maemo mosebetsing le boitlamo ba mokhatlo. Liteko tsa liphapang tse boleloang li senotse hore liphapang tse ling li teng molemong oa ho ikamahanya le maemo mosebetsing le boitlamo ba mokhatlo ho latela maemo a palo ea batho (lilemo, bong, mangolo a thuto ea morabe, nako ea khoebo le khoebo). Litlhahiso li khothaletsa hore li ka sebelisoa ke litsebi tsa kelello tsa indasteri le tsa mokhatlo le litsebi tsa litsebo tsa batho mabapi le ho ikamahanya le maemo mesebetsing le litloaelo tsa boitlamo ba mokhatlo, haholoholo lekaleng la matsete. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Sammanfattning  Ohälsosamma karriärövergångar, det vill säga sammanhang där utmanande karriäröver- gångar leder till negativa konsekvenser, förekommer exempelvis inom (elit)idrotten. Utmanande karriärövergångar kan exempelvis ge upphov till psykisk ohälsa. Det är därmed angeläget med hälsofrämjande insatser som genererar hållbara karriärövergångar. Idrotten är ett utvecklat område när det gäller forskning kring olika typer av karriärövergångar ur ett psykologiskt perspektiv på förändring. Tidigare forskning visar att god karriäradaptabilitet främjar konstruktiv hantering av utmaningar och framgångsrik karriärutveckling. Genom att arbeta holistiskt med idrottares adaptionsprocesser kan empowerment stärkas och resultera i en hälsofrämjande effekt.  Syftet med studien var att undersöka idrottares upplevelser av utmanande karriäröver- gångar genom att analysera adaptionsprocessen och karriäradaptabiliteten ur ett konstruk- tivistiskt karriärteoretiskt perspektiv. Ändamålet var att identifiera faktorer som påverkar och underlättar idrottares karriärövergångar. Genom mejlintervjuer besvarades studiens frågeställningar med beskrivningar av hur adaptionen vid utmanande karriärövergångar upplevdes, hur konsekvenserna såg ut och vad som hade kunnat göra karriärövergångarna hållbara. Samtliga karriärövergångar var karriäravslut förknippade med skador, som orsakade övervägande negativa konsekvenser. Studien visade framträdande mönster och samband mellan beslutsfattande, motivation, identitet och adaptabiliteten vid karriäröver- gångarna. I det fall det upplevdes en negativ effekt eller bristande känsla av kontroll/egen- makt samt avsaknad av framgång, tillfredsställelse och utveckling i beslutsprocessen, blev det utmanande att anpassa sig vid karriärövergången. Idrottarna belyste därmed vikten av utbildning och professionellt stöd för hållbara karriärövergångar.  I studien identifierades strategier för framgångsrik hantering av karriärövergångar. Slutsatsen var att nya meningsfulla mål som resulterade i nya karriärmöjligheter och ett återskapande av en sammanhållen identitet visades vara viktiga faktorer för en fram- gångsrik adaptionsprocess. Detta gav ett underlag till diskussionen kring hur konstruk- tivistisk karriärvägledning kan tillämpas salutogent inom idrotten, för att stärka idrottares karriäradaptabilitet.

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