Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:45:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gisele Seabra Abrahim.pdf: 529169 bytes, checksum: 2bffdcbf67e8b65be913b62980c464dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-13 / The general objective of this work is to analyze the influence of the human values in the determination of the career anchors based on the idea that the professional predisposition receives influence from the cognitive central system; in other words, the values, which are conceived as a form of criteria capable of influencing actions, choices and the human behavior, interfering in the way each individual judges himself and others. In this sense, the human values affect the actions of the individuals on their work; and allied to the motivations and to the talent they stimulate the decisions over the career (SCHEIN, 1993). The studies of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) identified eight categories of professional inclinations, also called career anchors, which are stimulated by appetites, feelings and necessities and are established from the construction of the auto-concept (SCHEIN, 1993). From this perspective, it s possible to infer the existence of a narrow relationship between the human values and the career anchors. Facing this idea, do individuals with the same career anchors tend to prioritize the same human values? As the driver line of this investigation, the hypothesis that individuals with the same career anchors prioritize, in a similar way, the human values that guide their behavior, was launched. In this sense, the theoretical referential background of this research presents a system of definitions based on the studies of Schein (1993; 1996; 2006th; 2006b; 2006c) and Rokeach (1979; 1981) on careers and values because of the importance of their studies for each area of knowledge and for the international repercussion of their work, which favored the validation of the instruments of inquiry hereby used: the questionnaire of career anchors and the Rokeach Value Survey. The methodology is based on the type of correlation analysis between two variables: values and career anchors. The inquiry in locus was divided into two parts. In the first one, took place the simultaneous application of the two mentioned instruments in a sample of 100 university students of the courses of business administration and accountancy, of the Centro Universitário do Pará (CESUPA) and of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP). In the second part, interviews were carried out with a person of each career anchor, with the exception of the general management competence since the results reached in the first stage were sufficient to attend the objective here drawn. The proceedings of analysis of these data include, besides the analysis of the content of the interviews and of the descriptions of the professional inclinations, some statistical tests such as Pearson's correlation coefficient and chi-square distribution, both applied to check the association between the variables of this inquiry. The correlation of the data obtained through the use of the above-mentioned instruments of inquiry demonstrates coherence with the formulated hypothesis, since the individuals with the same professional inclinations attributed similar grades to their respective hierarchies of values, above all when the values that can be tied to the characteristics inherent in each anchor are isolated, which are present in the theoretical content of Schein and in the testimonies of the interviewed ones. Though the results of the correlation tests presented moderate signification, they made possible the identification of the most and the least inclined human values of receiving bigger importance by the individuals inside the different categories of career anchors. In this sense, the conclusion of this investigation reinforces the influence of the human values in the decisions of career / O objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar a influência dos valores humanos na determinação das âncoras de carreira visto que as predisposições profissionais recebem influência da centralidade do sistema cognitivo, isto é, dos valores, que são concebidos como critérios capazes de influenciar as ações, escolhas e comportamento humano, interferindo na maneira pela qual o indivíduo julga a si mesmo e aos outros. Nesse sentido, os valores humanos afetam as ações das pessoas sobre o seu trabalho; e aliados às motivações e ao talento estimulam as decisões de carreira (SCHEIN, 1993). Os estudos do Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) identificaram oito categorias de inclinações profissionais, também denominadas de âncoras de carreira, que são estimuladas por apetites, sentimentos e necessidades e estabelecem-se a partir da construção do auto-conceito (SCHEIN, 1993). Partindo dessa premissa, permite-se inferir a existência de um relacionamento estreito entre os valores humanos e as âncoras de carreira. Diante do exposto, os indivíduos com as mesmas âncoras de carreira tendem a priorizar os mesmos valores humanos? Como linha condutora desta investigação foi traçada a hipótese de que indivíduos com as mesmas âncoras de carreira priorizam de forma semelhante os valores humanos que guiam seu comportamento. Nesse sentido, o referencial teórico deste trabalho apresenta um sistema conceitual fundamentado nos estudos de Schein (1993; 1996; 2006a; 2006b; 2006c) e Rokeach (1979; 1981) sobre carreiras e valores em virtude da importância dos mesmos para as suas respectivas áreas e pela repercussão internacional de seus trabalhos que propiciaram a validação dos instrumentos de pesquisa aqui utilizados: o questionário de âncoras de carreiras e a escala de valores humanos. As ações metodológicas são alicerçadas pelo tipo de pesquisa correlacional entre as variáveis: valores e âncoras de carreira. A pesquisa de campo ocorreu em duas partes. Na primeira, ocorreu a aplicação simultânea dos dois instrumentos mencionados junto a uma amostra de 100 discentes dos cursos de administração e contabilidade, do Centro Universitário do Pará (CESUPA) e da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUCSP). Na segunda parte, foram realizadas entrevistas com uma pessoa de cada âncora de carreira, com exceção da competência gerencial, pois os resultados alcançados na primeira etapa foram suficientes para atender o objetivo aqui traçado. Os procedimentos de análise desses dados incluem, além da análise de conteúdo das entrevistas e das descrições das inclinações profissionais, a realização dos testes estatísticos qui-quadrado e coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, ambos aplicados para verificar a associação entre as variáveis desta pesquisa. O cruzamento dos dados obtidos por meio da utilização dos referidos instrumentos de pesquisa demonstra coerência com a hipótese formulada, pois os indivíduos com as mesmas inclinações profissionais atribuíram pontos similares nas suas respectivas hierarquias de valores, sobretudo quando se isolam os valores que podem ser ligados às características inerentes a cada âncora, presentes no conteúdo teórico de Schein e nos depoimentos dos entrevistados. Embora os resultados dos testes de correlação tenham apresentado significância moderada, os mesmos possibilitaram a identificação dos valores humanos mais propensos e os menos propensos de serem priorizados pelas pessoas dentro das diferentes categorias de âncoras de carreira. Nesse sentido, a conclusão dessa investigação reforça a influência dos valores humanos nas decisões de carreira

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Este trabalho à resultado de uma pesquisa sobre os percursos de vida e as perspectivas de futuro de estudantes do 3 ano do ensino mÃdio da Escola ParÃquia da Paz, instituiÃÃo pÃblica estadual, localizada no bairro Aldeota, em Fortaleza - CearÃ. Procura-se conhecer as intenÃÃes, anseios, e, por conseguinte, dificuldades e possibilidades que os sujeitos tÃm, considerando suas trajetÃrias pessoais e suas experiÃncias escolares. Procura-se conhecer como sÃo elaboradas as estratÃgias para realizaÃÃo de seus propÃsitos de vida em seus cotidianos, a partir da socializaÃÃo que vivenciaram em suas realidades concretas. Para pensar o campo de possibilidades desses jovens, enquanto cenÃrio possÃvel e moldÃvel em que se està inserido, discutem-se, à luz de diferentes autores, diversas categorias de suporte, tais como desigualdades sociais e escolares, acumulaÃÃo do privilÃgio cultural, marginalizaÃÃo e ocultaÃÃo de saberes e prÃticas sociais, currÃculo, inteligÃncia, dom individual e mÃrito pessoal. As ponderaÃÃes aqui traÃadas sÃo frutos de reflexÃes, estudos teÃricos e empÃricos, que revelam o desafio que à romper com as circunscritas oportunidades reservadas aos jovens e adultos das camadas populares. As chances de consumaÃÃo dos projetos ou propÃsitos de vida, escolares ou profissionais, para os menos abastados, sÃo escassas e contundentes. Considerando que o prÃprio sistema social e escolar filtra e classifica desigualmente, a pesquisa se propÃe a desnaturalizaÃÃo das definiÃÃes de sucesso e fracasso de vida, expressas pelas hierarquias de saberes e prÃticas arregimentadas socialmente, como escolha ou competÃncia individual. / This work is a result of a research about the lifeâs ways and the future perspectives of the students of the third year of high school at the ParÃquia da Paz School, public state institution, located in Aldeota neighborhood, in Fortaleza-CearÃ. I research the studentâs intentions, aspirations, and further, their difficulties and possibilities, considering their personal path and scholar experiences. I try to know how the strategies for achieving their life purposes in their daily lives are elaborated, from the socialization that they experienced in their concrete realities. To think about the field of possibilities of these youths, I discuss from the ideas of different authors, several support categories, such as social and scholar differences, cultural privileges accumulation, marginalization and concealment of knowledge and social practices, curriculum, intelligence, individual gift and personal merit. The considerations outlined here are made thought reflections, theoretical and empirical studies, which show the challenge of breaking with the circumscribe opportunities reserved to the youths and adults of popular classes. The chances of consummation of studentâs project or purposes of life, professional or educational to the poorest people are scarce and pointed. Considering that the own social and educational system filter and classify in a unequal way, the research propound the denaturalization of the definitions of success and failure in life, express by the hierarchies of knowledge and practice that are regimented socially as individual choice or competence.

O presente trabalho, cujo objetivo principal é interpretar sociologicamente a atuação de produtores da chamada ciência social uspiana, investiga aspectos da trajetória intelectual de algumas professoras do Curso de Ciências Sociais da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, da Universidade de São Paulo, examinando disputas simbólicas típicas de grupos intelectuais e voltadas para a conquista da afirmação acadêmica nas Cátedras do Curso. Tais disputas seriam inerentes à busca de afirmação, poder e legitimação, por parte dos cientistas sociais em geral, e corresponderiam a clivagens que são analisadas a partir das origens sociais dessas professoras e das relações de sociabilidade em que elas se enredavam. O autor mostra que tais origens e relações teriam interferido na carreira delas (posições, cargos, títulos conquistados e obras produzidas). Ele usa como referenciais teóricos, principalmente, obras de Pierre Bourdieu e de Norbert Elias, e se vale de textos biográficos, autobiográficos, depoimentos, entrevistas, memoriais e cartas. O trabalho se insere no âmbito dos estudos da sociologia da cultura, mais especificamente na chamada história intelectual ou sociologia da vida intelectual. / This paper, whose principal objective are make a sociological interpretation about the actuation of productors of Social Sciences from USP, research aspects of the intellectual trajectories of female professors from the Socials Science course of Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, of the Universidade de São Paulo, inquire symbolic arguments typical of intellectual groups and with the intention obtaining academic affirmation in the Cathedras of this Course. In addition, such arguments matches would be inherent in the search of affirmations, power and legitimation, by social scientists in general, and they would correspond to cleavages that are analyzed starting from the social origins of these female professors and from the sociability relationship in which they are entangled. The author shows which these origins and relationships would have been interferenced in their careers (positions, achieved titles and produced works). He uses like theoretical references, mainly, works of Pierre Bourdieu and Norbert Elias, and to have recourse of biographical and autobiographical texts, testimonies, interviews, memorials and letters. The paper is inserting in the environment of studies of sociology of culture, more specifically in the called intellectual history or intellectual life sociology.

Theoretically derived career education programs are not well documented in the career development literature. This remains so, despite growing recognition of the negative effects of a schism between theory and practice. This thesis describes a research project that attempted to incorporate theory into practice. The two primary aims were to test and extend career development theory, and to evaluate a theoretically derived career education program. The participants were 296 Year 10 students (mean age = 14.5 years; 147 females & 149 males) attending a government high school in a low socio-economic area of a large Australian city. Career maturity, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career indecision were the key career development variables examined. Students' decision coping patterns were also investigated. There were three studies in all. The first gathered qualitative data from a stratified random sample (N = 30) of staff and parents at the school where the research took place. This study assessed the career decision-making development needs of the students. It also provided context specific information about the opportunity structure of these adolescents, including perceived barriers to making sound career-related decisions. Findings centred upon the belief that students lacked self confidence and were in need of training in life skills generally, and decision-making and goal setting skills in particular. The interviewees also painted a grim picture about students' complacency and sense of resignation to unemployment. The second study involved the cross-sectional examination of baseline survey data, which obtained measures of the career development variables under investigation as well as relevant demographic and contextual data including part-time work experience, school achievement level, and parents' education and employment status. A thorough review of the career development literature, combined with the qualitative data, and the findings of this cross-sectional study, served to guide the design of a career education intervention. Social cognitive career theory's choice model (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994) was used as the framework for the career education intervention, which ran for six weeks with one 70 minute lesson per week. Relationships amongst the key variables established previously in the literature were reflected in the results of the cross-sectional study. Demographic and contextual variables were also found to impact upon students' level of career development and decision-making behaviour in anticipated ways. The third study was a longitudinal assessment of the intervention using the baseline survey and three more surveys administered during the same school year. The short and long term effects of the intervention were examined according to mode of delivery, and comparisons were made with controls. The researcher was the career development "expert" facilitator for the implementation of the intervention to 134 students between the first and second testing times. A wait-listed control group of 118 students undertook the intervention between the second and third testing times with regular classroom teachers facilitating it. The remaining students were enrolled in a generic school-based vocational course and were not given the intervention. There was a lapse of eight weeks between each of the first three testing times with the fourth test taken 12 weeks later. Despite its brief nature, the intervention was found to assist students' career development in a variety of ways. It led to gains in career maturity for females regardless of who taught them. However, males' career maturity was enhanced only if teachers facilitated the intervention. Levels of career indecision and maladaptive decision-making coping patterns were also reduced by the intervention with teacher facilitation. A matched sample of students who did the intervention exhibited significantly better outcomes than those doing the generic vocational course. The long term impact of the intervention was found to be generally beneficial, although some gains were not maintained 12 weeks later. Students' career decision-making self-efficacy and their resoluteness toward decision-making were not affected by the intervention. The research findings led to an appeal for the realignment of focus in career education. This has implications for career education curriculum development in Australia, which needs to shift from its ad hoc, information giving approach, to more comprehensive, long-term, and intensive programming. Career education that enhances the personal skills students need to meet the demands of the world of work in the twenty-first century is required. Career process skills are of paramount importance. Specialist training for career guidance officers is also recommended and more research incorporating theory and practice is advocated.

<p>Careers education was first established in Sweden at the beginning of the 1940s. At that time it was mainly the concern of the Swedish Labour Market Board. The Labour Market Board started to develop a model, partly influenced by the activities of other countries in the field, that over the years grew into something exceptional with for instance a lot of activities in schools.</p><p>In the early stages the aim was the development and production of informational texts. The person behind most of the ideas was Einar Neymark. In 1971, responsibility for careers education was handed over to the school authorities except for the part concerning the production of occupational information texts.</p><p>The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of careers education as it is represented in occupational information texts produced by the Swedish Labour Market Board, in the period from 1940 - 1970.</p><p>The empirical research focuses on careers education and gaining an understanding through the texts within (not about) careers education. The research has a philosophical-hermeneutic orientation and falls into two parts. Starting from an assumption that the intentions behind careers education are met, three “careers education realities” are constructed for the sake of argument. These realities are then analysed using a theoretical framework grounded in educational sociology, or more precisely the thinking of Durkheim and Bernstein. The result shows that careers education plays an important role in making invisible the connection between school and society hierarchies and also in creating a collective conscience in a Durkheimian sense.</p><p>The first constructed “reality” shows that a careers education based on labour market considerations is both normative and deterministic. In this careers education the labour market consists of a variety of working lives depending on who you are and where you come from. For that reason careers education is both limiting and subordinating according to sex and class background.</p><p>A consciousness-raising careers education is moralizing and limiting. A “perfect” working life is presented to which individuals can relate their personal qualities. For that reason careers education also subordinates.</p><p>A study-motivating careers education is principally motivating for those who have already had good experiences of schooling. It limits and subordinates primarely in terms of sex. Possible relations between education and working life are mostly discussed in general terms. For example, education will be a good thing to have in a future working life as an insurance against unemployment.</p><p>The extended analysis, where the above mentioned results are put together, shows that careers education can be described as unjust, limiting and concealing. It is unfair in that it creates images about different and non-questionable working lives for young people to fit into, in that it perpetuates sex and class subordination, and in that it uses present individually related competencies as the grounds for future education and employment. It is limiting through being normative, moralizing and subordinating. It is concealing in that it is being selective concerning the information given in the texts prepared for pupils.</p><p>Careers education is also adjustable. It fits easily into different situations by being pragmatic and flexible, as is shown by the impact of other scientific areas. This adjustability makes it possible to use careers education regardless of the conception you may have of career choices or wherever careers education is carried out. Being adjustable is not something to be avoided in careers education, on the contrary it is a condition for its existence.</p>

I conducted a qualitative study, interviewing thirty-three workers from the baby-boomer generation, with an objective of examining the intersection of aging and economic restructuring for boomer professionals. Participants’ careers had been impacted by the restructured economy at a point after they reached the age of forty. I applied an identity theory framework that emphasized meanings associated with growing older in the workforce, changes in the economy, self-meanings, and behavior in the restructured workplace. My focus also included process and questions of structure and agency. I used grounded theory methods to provide theory that explains the experience of transitioning from an existing work role as a downsized worker seeking a new job, entering selfemployment, or pursuing a reinvention of one’s career. I examine the transition process, the effects of structure, the formation and maintenance of identity in the transition role, and the factors that impact transition outcomes. I propose a theoretical argument that provides a comprehensive framework for the transition process. I establish transition as a relatively new and legitimate role for today’s worker, identify hegemonic structure as being particularly influential in the development of transition role identities, conceptualize personal resources—specifically self-esteem, selfefficacy, and authenticity—as key aspects of maintaining identity during transition, and investigate worker attributes that relate to transition outcomes. I assess career outcomes in terms of how successfully the transition role is negotiated and identify characteristics that comprise successful and unsuccessful transitions. I then discuss the implications of unabated economic restructuring for boomer professionals and, more broadly, for the future of the U.S. economy.

In the 21st Century and beyond, it is clear that science and technology will be a catalyst in strengthening economic competitiveness and fostering social cohesion. However, some minoritized students are not engaged in science or related careers in science such as medicine. This study addresses the systemic issue of equitable and accessible science education as a requisite for career acquisition such as medicine. Mentoring is presented as a sociocultural participatory activity for engaging students in science learning. The purpose of this study is to assess the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine Summer Mentorship Program (SMP) and to use the data to theorize on the mentoring phenomenon. In 1994, the SMP was established as a means of ameliorating the traditionally low participation of Aboriginal and Black students in medicine and other health sciences. For the first 10 years (1994 – 2004), 250 participants enrolled in the program. Recently, ten past mentees of the program matriculated into various medical schools (5 in the Class of 2008 at the University of Toronto, this is significant, as the norm is usually 0 or at most 2). The study utilized a qualitative approach, requiring the collection of semi-structured one-on-one interview data and an interpretive phenomenological methodology to evaluate the data. There was an increased level of school and community involvement when students returned to high school and an increased awareness of the academic and career choices available to protégés. Mentees indicated that the influence of the SMP followed them much further than the end of the summer and considered it to be an important and defining moment in their educational journey. Communication could be improved so that mentors get a sense of their own impact and for professional development. Recommendations include conducting a study more focused on the impact of the SMP on Aboriginal students who completed the program. Finally, from a theoretical perspective, further work is recommended in order to fine-tune the proposed Mentoring Oriented Teaching and Learning Strategy (MOTALS) framework that incorporates students as natives in a welcoming community of science practice rather than immigrants in a strange land of non-contextual science knowledge.

In the 21st Century and beyond, it is clear that science and technology will be a catalyst in strengthening economic competitiveness and fostering social cohesion. However, some minoritized students are not engaged in science or related careers in science such as medicine. This study addresses the systemic issue of equitable and accessible science education as a requisite for career acquisition such as medicine. Mentoring is presented as a sociocultural participatory activity for engaging students in science learning. The purpose of this study is to assess the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine Summer Mentorship Program (SMP) and to use the data to theorize on the mentoring phenomenon. In 1994, the SMP was established as a means of ameliorating the traditionally low participation of Aboriginal and Black students in medicine and other health sciences. For the first 10 years (1994 – 2004), 250 participants enrolled in the program. Recently, ten past mentees of the program matriculated into various medical schools (5 in the Class of 2008 at the University of Toronto, this is significant, as the norm is usually 0 or at most 2). The study utilized a qualitative approach, requiring the collection of semi-structured one-on-one interview data and an interpretive phenomenological methodology to evaluate the data. There was an increased level of school and community involvement when students returned to high school and an increased awareness of the academic and career choices available to protégés. Mentees indicated that the influence of the SMP followed them much further than the end of the summer and considered it to be an important and defining moment in their educational journey. Communication could be improved so that mentors get a sense of their own impact and for professional development. Recommendations include conducting a study more focused on the impact of the SMP on Aboriginal students who completed the program. Finally, from a theoretical perspective, further work is recommended in order to fine-tune the proposed Mentoring Oriented Teaching and Learning Strategy (MOTALS) framework that incorporates students as natives in a welcoming community of science practice rather than immigrants in a strange land of non-contextual science knowledge.

I conducted a qualitative study, interviewing thirty-three workers from the baby-boomer generation, with an objective of examining the intersection of aging and economic restructuring for boomer professionals. Participants’ careers had been impacted by the restructured economy at a point after they reached the age of forty. I applied an identity theory framework that emphasized meanings associated with growing older in the workforce, changes in the economy, self-meanings, and behavior in the restructured workplace. My focus also included process and questions of structure and agency. I used grounded theory methods to provide theory that explains the experience of transitioning from an existing work role as a downsized worker seeking a new job, entering selfemployment, or pursuing a reinvention of one’s career. I examine the transition process, the effects of structure, the formation and maintenance of identity in the transition role, and the factors that impact transition outcomes. I propose a theoretical argument that provides a comprehensive framework for the transition process. I establish transition as a relatively new and legitimate role for today’s worker, identify hegemonic structure as being particularly influential in the development of transition role identities, conceptualize personal resources—specifically self-esteem, selfefficacy, and authenticity—as key aspects of maintaining identity during transition, and investigate worker attributes that relate to transition outcomes. I assess career outcomes in terms of how successfully the transition role is negotiated and identify characteristics that comprise successful and unsuccessful transitions. I then discuss the implications of unabated economic restructuring for boomer professionals and, more broadly, for the future of the U.S. economy.

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