Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Formal systems of environmental management and certification for activities associated with extensive land use, relate mainly to forestry. The emergence of forest certification largely originates from the issue of tropical deforestation and the associated boycott campaigns against tropical timber. At the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, a new set of international norms were set in the form of Forest Principles. These were non-binding and together with international initiatives, such as the Tropical Forestry Action Programme and the International Tropical Timber Organisation have failed to decrease deforestation. New efforts to encourage sustainable forestry through forest certification were made by Non Governmental Organisations which collaborated with the private sector in developing new policy instruments. They followed the trend of eco-labelling in an attempt to link green consumers to producers whose aim it is to improve management practices. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) was established. The FSC system relies on forest management principles and criteria approved by itself and is based on performance standards. The International Standards Organisation (ISO) also developed a management standard based on the principle of continuous improvement. ISO developed the ISO 14001 standard for the certification of Environmental Management Systems which is applicable to any industry concerned with the environment. From questionnaire surveys carried out among a sample of private game ranch owners/managers in the Northern Province, current standards of management were established. It was found that private owners/managers rely mostly on their own experience and knowledge. Information about management on game ranches is rarely available and only major concerns and most visible problems are attended to. Guidelines with standards for an Environmental Management System (EMS) according to the ISO 14000 series were drawn up from the results of the surveys and a literature review. A checklist of principles and criteria which could be used for the certification process was also developed. The final objective is to attain quality game ranch management which is environmentally sensitive, socially aware/beneficial and economically viable. This is crucial for the conservation and preservation of the natural systems in South Africa in which private land owners playa major role. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Formele omgewingsbestuursisteme en sertifisering vir aktiwiteite wat geassosieer word met ekstensiewe grondbenutting, word hoofsaaklik gekoppel met bosbou. Die konsep van sertifisering het tot stand gekom as gevolg van die omstredenheid rondom ontbossing en die gassosieerde sanksies teen tropiese hout. By die Verenigde Nasies Konferensie oor Omgewing en Ontwikkeling in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 is 'n nuwe stel internasionale norme daargestel in die vorm van Bosbeginsels. Hierdie was nie-bindend en saam met internasionale inisiatiewe soos die Tropiese Bos Aksie Program en die Internasionale Tropiese Hout Organisasie het hulle gefaal om ontbossing te verminder. Nuwe pogings om volhoubare bosboupraktyke aan te moedig is aangewend nadat Nie-Regering Organisasies en die privaatsektor saamgewerk het om nuwe beleidsinstrumente te ontwikkel. Hulle het die neiging vir die "eko-etiket" nagevolg in 'n poging om omgewingsbewuste verbruikers in kontak te bring met produseerders wat gemoeid is met verbeterde bestuurspraktyke. Die Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) het tot stand gekom en hulle sisteem sluit bosbestuursbeginsels en kriteria in wat deur hulleself goedgekeur is en gebaseer is op werkverrigtingstandaarde. Die Internasionale Standaarde Organisasie (ISO) het ook 'n bosbestuurstandaard opgestel gebaseer op die beginsel van kontinue verbetering. ISO het die ISO 14001 standaard opgestel vir Omgewingsbestuursisteme wat van toepassing gemaak kan word op enige industrie wat gemoeid is met die omgewmg. Na afhandeling van vraelys opnames onder privaat wildsplaas eienaars/bestuurders, is daar vasgestel wat die standaard van bestuur tans in die Noordelike Provinsie is. Privaat eienaarsIbestuurders maak meestal staat op hulle eie ondervinding en kennis. Inligting oor die bestuur van die wildsplase is nie geredelik beskikbaar nie en slegs die mees sigbare en grootste probleme word bestuur. 'n Riglyn met standaarde vir 'n Omgewingsbestuursisteem volgens ISO is opgestel vanaf resultate van die opnames en 'n literatuurstudie asook 'n "Checklist" wat beginsels en kriteria insluit wat gebruik kan word in die sertifiseringsproses is ook ontwerp. Die finale doel is om kwaliteit bestuur te bewerkstellig wat omgewingsensitief, sosiaal bewus/voordelig en ekonomies lewensvatbaar is. Laasgenoemde is uiters belangrik aangesien privaat grondeienaars 'n sleutelrol speel in die bewaring en preservering van die natuurlike sisteme in Suid-Afrika.

本論文旨在探討英美圖書館專業人員認可與檢定制度以及比較兩者之異同。主要研究目的為：1.敘述英美圖書館專業人員之定義；2.描述英美圖書館專業人員認可之途徑；3.探討英國圖書資訊學教育認可制度及圖書館專業人員檢定制度之意涵、歷史、現況與標準；4.探討美國圖書資訊學教育認可制度及圖書館專業人員檢定制度之意涵、歷史、現況與標準；5.比較英美圖書資訊學教育認可制度及圖書館專業人員檢定制度之異同。 本研究以英美兩國之圖書館專業人員之意義、圖書資訊學教育之認可制度以及圖書館專業人員之檢定制度為主題，研究範圍與限制為：1.本研究以英美圖書館專業人員之定義、認可途徑、認可制度與認可標準為主，其餘主題皆不在本研究範圍內；2.美國圖書館與資訊服務教育與人力資源利用政策所指專業人員有圖書館員與專家人員，本論文僅限於圖書館員之探討；3.本論文研究認可途徑係以英美兩國圖書資訊學教育機構認可制度與圖書館專業人員撿定制度為主，執照制度以本論文相關與必要者為度。 本論文採用文獻分析法與比較研究法，比較研究法為本論文主要採用之研究方法，其步驟有四：資料收集與描述、解釋、併排與比較。首先就英美兩國圖書館專業人員之意義、圖書資訊學教育之認可制度及圖書館專業人員之檢定制度描述，包含兩國圖書館專業人員之定義與層級、認可與檢定之意義、發展歷史、管理機構、原則、標準、程序做說明。 其次，將描述所獲得之資料加以併排，分成三部份，第一部份將兩國圖書館專業人員意義資料予以併排陳現，包括：圖書館專業人員之意義、層級、專業取得途徑、及專業授予組織等。第二部份是英美圖書資訊學教育認可制度之併排，包括：認可之意涵、認可制度之發展與認可機構、認可標準與程序等。第三部份是英美圖書館專業人員檢定制度之併排，包括：檢定之意涵、檢定制度之發展歷史與檢定機構、檢定標準與程序等。 最後，進行比較，將前述併排資料分為三部份進行解釋與比較：英美圖書館專業人員之意義、英美圖書資訊學教育之認可制度、英美圖書館專業人員之檢定制度，分別比較其相同或相異，並解釋差異之原因。 根據比較結果，證明英國圖書館專業人員之檢定制度係以國家職業資格體系為主，體系完善且全國統一；美國圖書資訊學教育之認可制度行之有年，制度、標準及程序為英國圖書資訊學教育認可制度仿效之對象，兩國之經驗皆可提供我國做為參考。最後，本論文對我國圖書館專業人員認可與檢定制度提出建議如下：1.建立圖書館專業人員層級：建議仿效美國圖書館學會圖書館人員制度，區分為資深圖書館員與圖書館員兩級，且釐訂圖書館專業人員之意涵；2.建立我國圖書資訊學教育認可制度：建議由我國圖書館專業學會推動我國圖書資訊學教育認可制度，首先應對圖書資訊學之界定與應包括之內涵與領域，建立共識，且研擬圖書資訊學核心專業課程或基礎課程，以及各校認可制度之推行與標準之建立，以提昇專業訓練，並建立社會認同；3．訂定圖書資訊學教育之認可標準：建議師法美國圖書館學會訂定之「圖書館與資訊研究碩士學程認可標準」，以學士為要求資格，採六大要件擬訂，包括任務及目的、課程、教師、學生、管理及經費支援、硬體資源及設備等；4.建立圖書資訊師制度：建議師法英國資訊與圖書館服務之國家職業資格制度，訂定不同層級之資格要求與檢定，藉由職業晉升途徑取得圖書館專業人員資格，惟需配合相關考試機關或行政單位之考量，制定完善之配套措施。

Cette thèse a pour but de certifier des bornes inférieures de fonctions multivariées à valeurs réelles, définies par des expressions semi-algébriques ou transcendantes et de prouver leur validité en vérifiant les certificats dans l'assistant de preuves Coq. De nombreuses inégalités de cette nature apparaissent par exemple dans la preuve par Thomas Hales de la conjecture de Kepler. Dans le cadre de cette étude, on s'intéresse à des fonctions non-linéaires, faisant intervenir des opérations semi-algébriques ainsi que des fonctions transcendantes univariées (cos, arctan, exp, etc). L'utilisation de différentes méthodes d'approximation permet de relâcher le problème initial en un problème d'optimisation semi-algébrique. On se ramène ainsi à des problèmes d'optimisation polynomiale, qu'on résout par des techniques de sommes de carrés creuses. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons une technique classique d'optimisation globale. Les fonctions transcendantes univariées sont approchées par les meilleurs estimateurs polynomiaux uniformes de degré d. Par la suite, nous présentons une méthode alternative, qui consiste a borner certains des constituants de la fonction non-linéaire par des suprema de formes quadratiques (approximation maxplus, introduite à l'origine en contrôle optimal) de courbures judicieusement choisies. Enfin, cet algorithme d'approximation est amélioré, en combinant l'idée des estimateurs maxplus et de la méthode des gabarits développée par Manna et al. (en analyse statique). Les gabarits non-linéaires permettent un compromis sur la precision des approximations maxplus afin de contrôler la complexité des estimateurs semi-algébriques. Ainsi, on obtient une nouvelle technique d'optimisation globale, basée sur les gabarits, qui exploite à la fois la precision des sommes de carrés et la capacité de passage à l'échelle des méthodes d'abstraction. L'implémentation de ces méthodes d'approximation a abouti à un outil logiciel : NLCertify. Cet outil génère des certificats à partir d'approximations semi-algébriques et de sommes de carrés. Son interface avec Coq permet de bénéficier de l'arithmétique certifiée disponible dans l'assistant de preuves, et ainsi d'obtenir des estimateurs et des bornes valides pour chaque approximation. Nous démontrons les performances de cet outil de certification sur divers problèmes d'optimisation globale ainsi que sur des inégalités serrées qui interviennent dans la preuve de Hales.

Darbe nagrinėjama atributinės informacijos sertifikavimo šiuo metu naudojamuose elektroniniuse parašuose problema. Trumpai apžvelgiami elektroninio parašo principai ir supažindinama su viešųjų raktų infrastruktūra, nurodant galimybes jai išplėsti, iškilus poreikiui užtikrinti aukštesnį saugumo lygį keičiantis papildoma (atributine) informacija. Nagrinėjami įvairūs atributinės informacijos sertifikavimo metodai, viešųjų raktų infrastruktūroje įvedant atributų sertifikato ir atributų sertifikavimo centro sąvokas. Pateikiamas tinkamiausio metodo pritaikymo pavyzdys, modeliuojant elektroninio parašo naudojimo situaciją, artimą dabartinei situacijai Lietuvoje. Sprendimo pritaikymas demonstruojamas apibrėžiant patobulintos elektroninio parašo infrastruktūros prototipą. / This paper analyses issues of attribute certification in currently used electronic signatures. Fundamentals of electronic signatures and public key infrastructure are briefly described, focusing on possibilities of achieving higher security level in communication when attribute information is important. Various suggestions for attribute certification are analysed, introducing atribute certificates and atribute authorities. Different certification methods are compared and evaluated, applying the most suitable one in the public key infrastructure usage model, that is constructed by simplifying the current situation of electronic signatures. The solution is represented by describing the prototype of improved electronic signature infrastructure.

Abstract Title: Organic Coffee for a sustainable development in Peru -­‐ A qualitative study on how Peruvian coffee farmers’ development is affected by choosing organic cultivation and certification Seminar date: 2013-­‐05-­‐31 University: Mälardalen University Västerås Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering Level: Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration Course name: Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration, FÖA 300, 15 ECTS Author: Marcus Brink 1987-­‐05-­‐10 Tutors: Birgitta Schwartz Examiner: Peter Dobers Pages: 145 Attachments: List of interviews, Interview questions to coffee farmers Key words: Sustainable development, organic, coffee, certifications, coffee farmers, small scale farmers, Peru, bachelor, conventional coffee, organic certification, profitability, environment, social entrepreneurship, context, coffee producers Research question: In what way are small-­‐scale coffee farmers in the region of Junín, Peru, able to benefit from “Organic” certifications or conventional coffee cultivation to develop sustainable? Purpose: The purpose of this field study was to get an understanding of how and if organic farming is an adequate solution for sustainable development of small-­‐scale coffee farmers in developing countries or not. Method: This bachelor thesis was done as a field study financed by the Swedish International Development Agency (Sida) under the program of Minor Field Studies provided by the International Programme Office for Education and Training. For the field study a qualitative method has been used to better submit how the people involved understand and interpret their surrounding reality and to get a deep insight in their lives. The nature of the research question and the test subjects provided for a qualitative method rather than a quantitative. Qualitative measuring methods used for primary data gathering were, in-­‐depth interviews, observations, participations, spontaneous conversations, videos and photographs. Secondary sources used include literature, news magazines, public documents, and statistical data provided by organizations, institutions, webpages, and libraries through both Internet and physical form. The theoretical framework that lays a ground for the study has been based upon scholarly journals, scientific studies, scientific articles and other relevant existing research. The data that was gathered were later analyzed by qualitative methods. Conclusion: Small-­‐scale coffee farmers in developing countries are able to benefit from organic certification but it cannot be considered a sustainable development. There’s too little emphasis on the social and economical aspects and too much focus on the environmental factors by the organic certification to make it interesting to many farmers. For a small-­‐scale coffee farmer to benefit from the organic certifications he need to have a very low intense cultivation from the beginning, before becoming certified. The organic certification incurs increased costs for the farmer and is more labor intense while it at the same time provides limited productivity ability and only gives a slightly better price to the farmer for his product. Farmers that grows conventional coffee and have a somewhat managed plantation will not benefit from certifying organic as it would give them the same income or less. The organic growing procedure also prohibits the use of important pesticides as insecticides and herbicides that makes organic farmers further susceptible and sensible for diseases and plagues on their crop. The numerous facts that make organic growing low productive labor intense makes it more motivating for many farmers to chose conventional coffee cultivation instead of organic and working with certification. / Resumen  Titulo: Café Orgánico para un desarrollo sostenible en el Perú – Un estudio cualitativo sobre como el desarrollo de los agricultores peruanos de café es afectado por elegir trabajar con café orgánico y certificaciones Fecha de examen: 2013-05-31 Universidad: Universidad de Mälardalen Facultad: Facultad de Negocios, Sociedad e Ingeniería Nivel: Tesis de licenciatura en Administración de Empresas Nombre de curso: Tesis de licenciatura en Administración de Empresas, FÖA 300, 15 ECTS Autor: Marcus Brink 1987-05-10 Tutor: Birgitta Schwartz Examinador: Peter Dobers Paginas: 145 Adjuntos: Lista de las entrevistas, Preguntas de entrevista para agricultores de café Palabras clave: Desarrollo sostenible, orgánico, café, certificaciones, agricultores de café, agricultores de pequeña escala, Perú, bachiller, café convencional, certificación orgánica, rentabilidad, medio ambiente, empresariado social, contexto, productores de café. Pregunta de investigación: ¿De que manera se pueden beneficiar los productores de café en la región Junín, Perú, con las certificaciones orgánicos o con los cultivo de café convencional para desarrollarse de una manera sostenible? Propósito: El propósito de este estudio fue obtener conocimientos sobre si es y como la agricultura orgánica es una solución adecuada para desarrollo sostenible de pequeños agricultores de café en países de desarrollo o no. Método: Esta tesis de licenciatura se realizó como un estudio de campo financiado por la Agencia Sueca de Desarrollo Internacional (ASDI) bajo el programa de “estudio de campo de menor envergadura” proveído por la Oficina del Programa Internacional de Educación y Formación. Para el estudio de campo un método cualitativo ha sido usado para de una mejor manera presentar como la gente involucrada entiende y interpreta su realidad circundante y para obtener una visión profunda de sus vidas. La naturaleza de la pregunta de investigación y los sujetos dio razones e hizo relevante usar un método cualitativo en vez que un cuantitativo. Métodos cualitativos usados para coleccionar datos primarios eran entrevistas en profundidad, observaciones, participaciones, conversaciones espontáneas, vídeos y fotografías. Las fuentes secundarias utilizadas incluyen literatura, revistas de actualidad, documentos públicos y datos estadísticos de empresas, instituciones, paginas web y bibliotecas a través de internet y de la forma física. El marco teórico que establece una base para el estudio se ha basado en revistas especializadas, estudios científicos, artículos científicos y otras investigaciones de interés al respecto. Después los datos coleccionados han ido analizados con métodos cualitativos. Conclusión: Los agricultores pequeños de café en países en desarrollo pueden beneficiar de la certificación orgánica, pero no se le puede considerar un desarrollo sostenible. Hay poco énfasis en los aspectos sociales y económicos en comparación con los factores ambientales en la certificación orgánica que desmotiva a los agricultores a adaptarlo. Para que un pequeño agricultor se beneficie de la certificación tiene que ser un agricultor con muy baja productividad y falta de manejo adecuado antes de volverse certificado. La certificación orgánica aumenta los gastos o costos para el agricultor, parte de esto por el incrementado de la mano de obra y la capacidad de productividad limitada mientras el café orgánico solo recibe un precio que es un poco mejor que la del café convencional. Agricultores convencionales que tienen una chacra un poco o bien manejado no van a beneficiarse al volverse certificados orgánicos porque les daría el mismo ingreso o menos. El manejo orgánico de café también prohíbe diferentes pesticidas como herbicidas y insecticidas que hacen a los agricultores orgánicos mas susceptibles y vulnerables de enfermedades y plagas en sus cultivos. Los numerosos hechos que hacen que el cultivo orgánico tenga baja productividad y necesita mano de obra intensa y pesada motiva a muchos agricultores a escoger cultivar café convencional en lugar de trabajar con la certificación orgánica.

The aim of this thesis is to describe the interpretation and translation services for judicial purposes in Russia and systematise the way in which they are used in judicial practice. The investigated topic is handled functionally and descriptivelyaccording to the following criteria: (1) development/historic - a description of the development of translation and interpretation services in the USSR and in modern Russia; (2) legislative - the status of the interpreter and the translator in the judicial process, their rights and responsibilities, formulation of ethical principles of their activities; (3) an objective evaluation - an assessment of the conditions for the exercise of a court interpreter and translator, qualifications and growth, the criteria for the selection of a professional translator/interpreter from agencies, the role of notaries in the translation process and its role in checking translations. Linking these aspects will enable not only a comprehensive view of the situation, but also to compare them with the services offered in the country.

Companies in South Africa who have implemented the ISO 14001 environmental management system have claimed that it offered benefits such as an improved environmental performance and a business advantage. However, to date the commercial benefits associated with ISO 14001 in South Africa have not been quantified so the claims of a financial advantage cannot be verified. This study therefore sought to assess the financial benefits accruing to various manufacturing enterprises in Kwa-Zulu Natal, the Eastern Cape and the Western Cape provinces of South Africa who have implemented ISO 14001. There was a particular focus on determining the cost savings and return on investment which resulted from the purchase of „environmentally friendlier‟ raw materials; the reduction of process waste (by the reuse, reduction and recycling of waste) as well as the more efficient use of resources such as electricity, water and fuel. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire survey sent to key decision makers in the selected organisations, as well as follow-up in-depth interviews with selected individuals within each organisation. The results of the study showed that the benefits of ISO 14001 certification included improved environmental awareness among employees; enhanced responsibility for environmental concerns by employees; better data management; reduced operational and production costs; and new income streams linked to re-use and recycling initiatives. Consequently it can be said that the long-term financial benefits justify the relatively high cost; the time intensive obligations and the human resource requirements of ISO 14001 certification. That said, it was also found that smaller companies face relatively more financial hurdles in implementing an EMS, and thus, it is recommended that tax incentives for such firms to implement and EMS be considered. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

Owing to past injustices, the South African higher education sector is characterised by inequalities of resource allocation and of learning opportunities. Through the National Qualification Framework (NQF), recognition of prior learning (RPL) was established to address the previous inequalities in higher education and training. RPL can be used as a mechanism to offer non-traditional learners such as workers, adult learners, and community workers access to learning programmes in Library and Information Science (LIS) schools. It can also be used for up-skilling within LIS sector, to enable staff to migrate from paraprofessional to professional roles. LIS schools could possibly use this approach to offer experienced but unqualified library workers opportunities for progressive professional development and career growth. Despite it being a national policy and its obvious benefits, very little is known about RPL implementation in LIS schools in South Africa. This study was conducted to investigate the nature of RPL implementation in LIS schools in South Africa and make recommendations for effective and efficient RPL practice in these schools. The study used the questionnaire as the main data collection tool. In addition, document analysis was used to validate the collected data. The results of the study indicated that there were islands of good RPL practice in LIS schools in South Africa specifically with regard to the aspect of RPL assessment process. However, certain weaknesses were identified in other aspects of RPL implementation in LIS schools including the policy environment, training of personnel conducting RPL assessment and the quality management systems. Among other things, the study recommends that RPL quality management system (QMS) should ideally be driven by the head/chair of the school/department. Furthermore, an integrated student management system should be used to monitor the progression of RPL candidates through the formal academic system post RPL. / Information Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)

En la literatura encontramos muchos trabajos acerca de los efectos de la implantación de la certificación ISO 9001, en los que se destaca mayoritariamente sus numerosos beneficios. Sin embargo, son bastante escasos los que analizan el Sistema de Calidad Turística Española (marca Q). Por tanto, nos proponemos establecer un análisis comparativo entre estos dos modelos preponderantes en el sector turístico. Primero, pretendemos averiguar los determinantes de la implantación de estos dos modelos de calidad, y segundo, los factores que influyen en la elección de uno u otro, siendo unos internacional y genérico (ISO 9001) y el otro nacional y específico (Q) en las empresas turísticas situadas en Baleares. El trabajo de campo se realizó en febrero 2011 con la participación de 120 empresas certificadas con la ISO 9001 y 52 certificadas con la Q. Los principales resultados nos muestran que existen importantes beneficios y satisfacción generada por los certificados y que la ISO 9001 es elegida por los beneficios organizativos y de control y la Q, por el posicionamiento, ganar cuota de mercado y competir.

Dagsljus i byggnader är viktigt för både den fysiska och psykiska hälsan. Dagsljusinsläpp i byggnader sker genom fönster, men fönster är även den byggnadskomponent som medför störst energiförluster i en byggnad. Därför finns det problem i att skapa en god balans mellan utformning, energieffektivisering och termisk komfort samtidigt som ett tillfredsställande dagsljus ska tillämpas i byggnader där människor vistas. Detta examensarbete som omfattar 15 hp syftar till att effektivisera samt förenkla bedömningen av ett tillfredsställande dagsljus, för att uppnå kraven i miljöcertifieringsmetoden Miljöbyggnad, där även intilliggande faktorer som energi och termiskt klimat studeras. Målet var att upprätta ett förprojekteringsverktyg för indikatorn Dagsljus som i framtiden kan användas av konsulter, arkitekter och andra inom byggbranschen när en byggnad ska miljöcertifieras enligt metoden Miljöbyggnad. För att skapa verktyget gjordes datamodeller av testrum med olika förutsättningar, där dagsljusfaktorn, DF, kontrollerades. Under arbetets gång har datorprogrammen Velux, ParaSol och Thermal Comfort Calculator använts. Parameterstudier utfördes för att åskådliggöra samband mellan dagsljusfaktor, fönsterarea samt rummets form och storlek, vilket resulterade i att två diagram upprättades. För att kontrollera att parameterstudiens resultat kan tillämpas för verkliga objekt och rum utfördes en fallstudie på byggnaden Ängsbacken i Sandviken. Denna fallstudie validerade att diagrammen som upprättats kan uppskatta en dagsljusfaktor, DF, för ett rum som sedan kan erhålla ett preliminärt betyg för indikatorn Dagsljus inom Miljöbyggnad. Diagrammen som upprättats kan användas som ett grovt förprojekteringsverktyg som kan tillämpas när konsult, arkitekt m.fl känner till rumsdjup samt fasadväggens area (bredden och höjden i rummet) men vill veta hur stort fönster som krävs för att uppnå BRONS eller SILVER för indikatorn Dagsljus inom Miljöbyggnad. Vidare kan vara intressant att studera om det även finns ett samband mellan de tre indikatorerna Dagsljus, Solvärmelast och Termiskt klimat och vilken påverkan fönsterglas, solavskärmningar m.m kan ha på dagsljusfaktorn. För samtliga testrum som modellerats och tillämpats i studien har betyget GULD erhållits för Solvärmelasten. För det Termiska klimatet fick samtliga testrum betyget SILVER. Dessa indikatorer verkar inte påverkas av rummets geometri i lika stor utsträckning som dagsljusfaktorn, som tar mer hänsyn till både rummets och fönstrets storlek samt utformning. Därför bör vid bedömning enligt Miljöbyggnad största vikt ligga på att uppfylla ett tillfredsställande dagsljusinsläpp genom att kontrollera att dagsljusfaktorn uppfylls i rummet, vilket enkelt kan utföras med hjälp av studiens förprojekteringsverktyg. Det effektiva förprojekteringsverktyget kan användas för att förenkla och påskynda bedömningsprocessen samt uppskatta ett betyg för indikatorn Dagsljus inom Miljöbyggnad. Genom att använda sig av verktyget i ett tidigt projekteringsskede, där användningen av tidskrävande datorprogram undviks, kan både kostnader och tid minimeras. / Daylight in buildings is important for both physical and mental health. Daylighting in buildings is transferred through windows, but the windows are also the building component that causes the greatest energy loss in a building. Therefore, there is a problem in creating a good balance between design, energy efficiency and thermal comfort while maintaining a sufficient daylight to be applied in buildings where people are staying. This thesis comprising 15 hp aims to efficiency and simplify the assessment of satisfying daylight, to achieve the requirements of the environmental certification method Miljöbyggnad, where neighboring factors such as energy and the thermal environment is studied. The goal was to establish a pre-planning tool for the indicator Daylight that can be used in the future by consultants and similar when a building is assessed by environmental certification according to the method Miljöbyggnad. The tool is based on computer models of experimental room with different conditions where the daylight factor, DF, was controlled. The computer programs Velux, ParaSol and Thermal Comfort Calculator where applied during the study. Parametric studies were performed to illustrate the connection between daylight factor, window area and the shape and size of the room, resulting in the establishment of two charts. To check that the parameter results of the study can be applied to real-world objects and rooms a case study was performed on the building Ängsbacken in Sandviken. This case study validated that the diagrams drawn can appreciate a daylight factor, DF, for a room that can then obtain a preliminary rating for the indicator Daylight in Miljöbyggnad. The diagrams can be used as a rough pre-planning tool that can be applied when the consultant, architect or similar knows the room depth and facadewall area (width and height of the room) but want to know how big window needed to achieve BRONZE or SILVER for indicator Daylight in Miljöbyggnad. In the future it might be interesting to study if there is also a correlation between the three indicators Daylight, Solar Thermal Load and Thermal environment and the impact of windows, sun screens etc. which can affect the daylight factor. For all test room modeled and applied in the study, grade GOLD were obtained for the Solarheating. For the Thermal environment all the test room obtained the grade SILVER. These indicators seem unaffected by the geometry just as much as the daylight factor, which takes more into account both the room and the window size and design. Therefore the assessment according to Miljöbyggnad paramount lie on meeting a satisfying daylight by checking that the daylight factor is fulfilled in the room, which can easily be performed with the help of this studies pre-planning tool. The effective pre-planning tool can be used to simplify and speed up the evaluation process and appreciate a score for indicator Daylight in Miljöbyggnad. By making use of the tool in an early planning stage, where the use of time-consuming computer programs is avoided, both the cost and time can be minimized.