Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2017-08-23T17:32:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Santana Miranda Brito - 2013.pdf: 1174770 bytes, checksum: 24e472393d19a058c301a91a63c1243e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Rejected by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com), reason: Tanto a data de publicação, que é a primeira , quanto a da defesa que é a última , são de 2013 on 2017-09-15T12:17:42Z (GMT) / Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2017-09-15T13:16:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Santana Miranda Brito - 2013.pdf: 1174770 bytes, checksum: 24e472393d19a058c301a91a63c1243e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-09-15T13:31:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Santana Miranda Brito - 2013.pdf: 1174770 bytes, checksum: 24e472393d19a058c301a91a63c1243e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-15T13:31:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Santana Miranda Brito - 2013.pdf: 1174770 bytes, checksum: 24e472393d19a058c301a91a63c1243e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present dissertation will analyze the relations established between the Body, the Land and the Memory in three novels of the Zimbabwean poet and novelist Chenjerai Hove: Bones (1988), Shadows (1991) e Ancestors (1996). The study of the novels revealed the deep relation that the natives of Rhodesia, nowadays called Zimbabwe, had with their lands and their ancestors. The objective of this paper is to present the profound changes that happened in the culture of the Shona ethnicity after the arrival of the colonizers and the missionaries in the end of the XIX Century. The perspective adopted to this criticism observes in each of the novels the characters’ native bodies in a intense struggle between two misbalanced forces that used to be the fundaments of the ancient Zimbabwean reality. In one side there is the Land, considered holy because of its mystical aspect. The Land carries the umbilical cords of every newborn and the bones of all deceased, and it is the home of the ancestors, called Pasí. On the other side rest the Ancestors, responsible for the accumulation of knowledge. The Ancestors represent the collective memory of the Shona people; they connect the individuals to nature due to their transcendence. With the Ancestors each Shona can talk to the land and be heard through the religious ears of their ancient forefathers. However, when the colonizers arrived, called those without knees because of their pants, they imposed, with violence, a whole new culture to that ancient model of existence. This work will evaluate the consequences of the imposition of the colonizer’s culture, present in every page of each novel; what caused the loss of local religious traditions, deeply rooted moral behaviors, farming techniques and so many other aspects of the colonized culture. For the Body, the physical violence, the imposition of the English language and the prohibition of the local dialects; for the Land, the new and imported profit-driven farming cultures; for the Memory, the imposition of Christianity. Because of those material and immaterial wounds the new generations are forced to recover their ancestors’ memory by recreating an updated version of their past. Following this track, this study also dedicates its pages to the observation of the subaltern and peripheral position of the black Zimbabwean woman, being sexually and intellectually discriminated by the patrilinear system in a society that must evolve to solve their own cultural problems of discrimination as well as those created by the colonization. / A presente dissertação irá analisar as relações estabelecidas entre o Corpo, a Terra e a Memória em três romances do poeta e romancista Zimbabuense, Chenjerai Hove: Bones (1988), Shadows (1991) e Ancestors (1996). O estudo dos romances revelou a profunda relação que os habitantes da antiga Rodésia, hoje Zimbábue, tinham com suas terras e com seus ancestrais. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as profundas mudanças que ocorreram na cultura da etnia Shona, depois da chegada dos colonizadores e missionários, no final do século XIX. A perspectiva adotada por esta crítica observa em cada um dos corpos dos personagens nativos uma intensa luta entre duas forças desequilibradas, que costumavam ser o fundamento da realidade ancestral do Zimbábue. De um lado tem-se a Terra, considerada sagrada por seu aspecto místico. A Terra carrega os cordões umbilicais de todos os recém-nascidos e os ossos de todos os que já se foram, ela é a casa dos ancestrais, chamada por eles de Pasí. Do outro lado estão os ancestrais, responsáveis pelo acúmulo de conhecimento. Os ancestrais representam a memória coletiva do povo Shona; eles conectam os indivíduos à natureza através de sua transcendência. Com os Ancestrais, cada Shona pode conversar com a terra e ser escutado através dos ouvidos místicos de seus pais espirituais. No entanto, quando chegam os colonizadores, chamados de aqueles sem joelhos, por causa de suas calças, eles impuseram, através da violência, uma cultura totalmente nova para aquele modelo ancestral de existência. Esta dissertação avalia as consequências da imposição da cultura do colonizador, presente em cada página de todos os romances, o que causa a perda das tradições religiosas locais, comportamentos morais profundamente enraizados, técnicas de manejo da terra, e tantos outros aspectos da cultura colonizada. Para o Corpo, a violência física, a imposição da língua inglesa e a proibição dos dialetos locais. Para a Terra, nova técnicas de cultivo do solo e de manejo de animais, direcionadas para o lucro. Para a Memória, a imposição do Cristianismo. Por causa dessas feridas materiais e imateriais, as novas gerações são forçadas a recuperar sua memória ancestral através de uma recriação atualizada de seu passado. Seguindo essa trilha, este estudo também se dedica a observação da mulher negra zimbabuense, sendo discriminada sexual e intelectualmente por um sistema patrilinear em uma sociedade que deve resolver seus próprios problemas culturais de discriminação, assim como aqueles legados pela colonização.

O Estado Independente do Congo foi reconhecido internacionalmente em 1885 como resultado da ação de representantes europeus em obter tratados de cessão de soberania junto às autoridades e chefes africanos da região da bacia do Congo. No entanto, a implantação de uma missão civilizadora, em consonância com os interesses comerciais do monarca belga Leopoldo II, não se deu sem conflitos, embates e resistências. A crueldade e a arbitrariedade que marcaram tal processo ecoaram na opinião pública internacional, gerando movimentos de denúncias sobre as violências que vitimaram as populações africanas. Este trabalho busca analisar as reações e acomodações ocorridas a partir da situação colonial que se impôs frente a um contexto no qual se faziam presentes múltiplas e variadas formas de organização política das sociedades africanas da região. / The Congo Free State was internationally recognized in 1885 as a result of the action of European representatives in obtaining sovereignty transfer treaties with the African authorities and leaders of the Congo Basin region. However, the implementation of a \"civilizing mission\" aligned to the commercial interests of the Belgian king Leopold II, has not been without conflicts, struggles and resistances. The cruelty and arbitrariness that have marked this process echoed on the international public opinion, generating movements of complaints about violence toward the African populations. This work seeks to analyze the reactions and accommodations that followed the colonial situation that was imposed in a context in which were present multiple and varied forms of political organization of African societies in the region.

A imagem do \"vazio\" tem persistido em representar os sertões das capitanias do Norte. Trata-se de um vazio de construção histórica e historiográfica. Os estudos e textos de Euclides da Cunha, Capistrano de Abreu e Caio Prado Jr. contemplaram esse estereótipo amplamente divulgado e sedimentado no habitual sertão nordestino, este associado à seca, ao isolamento e à rusticidade do mundo urbano. Fluindo contra essas leituras, a presente tese se esforça em desmistificar os qualificativos de desvalor por desconstruir a ideia de vazio reconstruindo os processos de urbanização e a formação das paisagens dos sertões do Norte na época colonial. Atenta-se para a longa duração com o objetivo de interpretar as políticas da Coroa portuguesa e as atividades do cotidiano materializadas numa hierárquica rede de povoações estruturada por missões, capelas, freguesias, \"lugar de índios\", julgados, vilas e cidade. Põe luz nos atores, na rede de relações e nas hierarquias sociais verificando suas implicações na transformação da paisagem e na urbanização desses sertões. Como aporte teórico-metodológico, entrecruza-se texto (hermenêutica) e imagem (representação) para pensar con los ojos - segundo a poética acepção do historiador de arte argentino Damián Bayón - a fim de preencher as lacunas espaciais que forjaram o suposto \"silêncio\". Vale-se, ainda, da multidisciplinaridade para esclarecer a relação do homem com as zonas interiorizadas, sem esquecer dos programas de georreferenciamento que propiciaram a produção de mapas temáticos exemplares voltados a localizar as povoações no território e interpretar a razão de ser de sua posição geográfica no contexto social e econômico ao qual estavam inseridos. / The image of the \"emptiness\" has persisted in representing the sertões of the captaincies of the North. It is a void of historical and historiographic construction. The studies and texts of Euclides da Cunha, Capistrano de Abreu and Caio Prado Jr. contemplated this stereotype widely disseminated and sedimented in the usual \"sertão nordestino\" associated with the drought, isolation and rusticity of the urban world. Flowing against these readings, the present thesis seek to demystify the qualifiers of devaluation by deconstructing the idea of emptiness reconstructing the processes of urbanization and the formation of the landscapes of the backlands of \"sertões\" (hinterlands) colonial times. Attention is paid to the long duration with the objective of interpreting the policies of the Portuguese Crown and daily activities materialized in a hierarchical network of settlements structured by missions, chapels, parishes, \"lugares de índios\", \"julgados\", towns and cities. It sheds light on the actors, the network of relationships and social hierarchies, verifying their implications for the transformation of the landscape and the urbanization of these sertões. As a theoretical-methodological contribution, text (hermeneutics) and image (representation) are intertwined to \"pensar con los ojos\" (think with the eyes) - according to the poetic meaning of the Argentine art historian Damián Bayón - in order to fill the gaps that forged the supposed \"silence\" . It is also worth mentioning the multidisciplinarity to clarify the relationship between man and the interiorized zones, not forgetting the geo-referencing programs that led to the production of exemplary thematic maps aimed at locating the settlements in the territory and interpreting the rationale of their geographical position in the social and economic context to which they were inserted.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-12T12:06:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 andersonluizviana.pdf: 603832 bytes, checksum: b9d7c2d36d1f2ad459681385f74fc9ad (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T16:47:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andersonluizviana.pdf: 603832 bytes, checksum: b9d7c2d36d1f2ad459681385f74fc9ad (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T16:47:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andersonluizviana.pdf: 603832 bytes, checksum: b9d7c2d36d1f2ad459681385f74fc9ad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T16:47:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andersonluizviana.pdf: 603832 bytes, checksum: b9d7c2d36d1f2ad459681385f74fc9ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-05 / Este trabalho busca refletir sobre a construção da angolanidade e a manutenção do espírito utópico nas obras A verdadeira Vida de Domingos Xavier (1986), Nós, os do Makulusu (1977), o livros de contos A Cidade e a Infância (2007) e as estórias da obra Luuanda (2006) – todas do escritor angolano José Luandino Vieira. Buscando reimaginar um perfil cultural pautado na promoção do sentimento de pertença à terra, e no espírito utópico que alimentou o sujeito angolano no período próximo à descolonização política de Angola, a obra engajada de Luandino Vieira reconfigura imagens sociais e permite vislumbrar ações coletivas baseadas na conscientização da necessidade de uma ação política, em oposição ao esforço hegemônico do colonialismo português. As análises aqui feitas circularão em torno de três eixos principais: o elogio do espaço luandense como epítome de Angola, sua ecologia e simbolismos; a reelaboração da memória como fator motivador à ação e a não inércia do coletivo; o registro da fala quimbunda e da oralidade dos personagens representativos do povo dos musseques angolanos, resultando na reelaboração da língua usada no discurso literário, como proposta de resistência e provocação à hegemonia cultural da metrópole. As reflexões presentes neste trabalho visam a percorrer um recorte feito nas obras supracitadas, com o objetivo de detectar algumas das estratégias usadas pelo escritor para promover seu projeto de denúncia e motivação rumo à mudança social e política em seu país. Apontamentos de pensadores como Jean Paul Sartre, Frantz Fanon, Albert Memmi, Luís Kandjimbo, Andreas Huyssen, Ernst Bloch e Édouard Glissan, entre outros serão usados como sustentação teórica para as ponderações realizadas. / This paper seeks to reflect on the construction and maintenance of Angolaness and the utopian spirit in the works A verdadeira Vida de Domingos Xavier (1986), Nós, os do Makulusu (1977), the short story book A Cidade e a Infância (2007) and the stories of the work Luuanda (2006) - all of the Angolan writer José Vieira Luandino. Seeking reimagine a cultural profile ruled in promoting a sense of belonging to the land, and the utopian spirit that fueled the subject in the period near the political decolonization of Angola, the engaged work of Luandino Vieira reconfigures social images and allows glimpse collective actions based on the awareness of the need for a political action in opposition to the hegemonic efforts of Portuguese colonialism. The analysis here circulates around three main axes: the praise of the space of Luanda as the epitome for Angola, its ecology and symbolism; the reworking of memory as a motivating factor to the action and not to the collective inertia; registration of kimbundo speech and orality of the characters representative of the people of Angolan slums, resulting in re-elaborating the language used in the literary discourse, as a proposal of resistance and provocation to the cultural hegemony of the metropolis. The reflections in this work run through a cut done in works previously mentioned, in order to detect some of the strategies used by the writer to promote his project of denouncement and motivation towards social and political change in his country. Notes from thinkers like Jean Paul Sartre, Frantz Fanon, Albert Memmi, Luis Kandjimbo, Andreas Huyssen, Ernst Bloch and Edouard Glissan, among others, will be used as theoretical support for the weighing carried.

Por muitos anos a língua inglesa se faz presente como língua de prestígio. Sua expansão no século XXI e, sobretudo, sua entrada em vários canais midiáticos nos últimos anos chamam a atenção de vários estudiosos em pesquisas que procuram discutir as implicações políticas e sociais da transparência linguística cujos objetivos principais são facilitar a globalização e oferecer melhores oportunidades para uma sociedade chamada global. Porém, na posição de pesquisadores em análise do discurso, não podemos ignorar o fato de que onde quer que haja qualquer elemento discursivo, há historicidade e sentidos silenciosamente escondidos em meio ao óbvio (PÊCHEUX, 1975; 1983). Observando tais considerações, temos como objetivo analisar as representações que emergem no discurso (verbal e não verbal) nos sites das editoras Pearson e Cengage para divulgação de seus materiais didáticos e plataformas de ensino para aprendizagem de inglês. Em nossa pesquisa, ambas as editoras, a inglesa e a norte-americana, parecem apresentar nas suas páginas virtuais resquícios linguísticos presentes em uma historicidade que evoca seu passado colonial de nação dominadora e imperialista até hoje (PHILLIPSON, 1992; 2000). Voltando-nos aos anos coloniais e pós-coloniais, seguindo a expansão do inglês como língua dominante, analisamos a historicidade verbal e não verbal nos discursos dessas editoras. Sustentados pela teoria pecheutiana (PÊCHEUX, [1983] 2012, p. 43) que aponta para sentidos estranhos à univocidade lógica, para além de sua transparência aparente, e valendo-nos de contribuições de Courtine (1981; 2008) e Lagazzi (2010; 2011) quanto aos efeitos de sentido que emergem no discurso não verbal, suspeitamos que nosso recorte discursivo ainda promove políticas colonizadoras (PENNYCOOK, 1998) enquanto divulga o inglês como língua globalizada e de prestígio neste século. Estudos de Heller reforçam nossa suspeita de que entre as últimas críticas sobre a globalização estão aquelas sobre o uso do inglês por corporações britânicas e norte-americanas com o intuito de expandir mercados e criar consumidores (2010, p. 105). Em outras palavras, por meio da aprendizagem da língua e sob o pretexto da ajuda humanitária a povos à margem, os sites da Pearson e da Cengage Learning induzem seus visitantes virtuais a acreditar que são elas as empresas capazes de ajudar as nações in need para promover melhores perspectivas econômicas. Na verdade, parecem insistir subrepticiamente em manter o status quo político-economicamente determinado pelas ideologias soberanas. / For many years, English has been present as a language of prestige. Its expansion along the 21st century and, above all, its recent entrance in many media channels have caught several scholars attention. Their researches aim to distinguish between the political and the social implications of the linguistic transparency within English teaching to facilitate globalization as well as to offer better opportunities to a so called global society. Yet, in the position of discourse analysis researchers, we cannot ignore the fact that wherever there is any discursive element, there is historicity and silently hidden meanings amidst its obviousness (PÊCHEUX, 1975; 1983). Considering such observations, our objective is to analyse the representations emerging in the (verbal and non-verbal) discourse on the sites of Pearson and Cengage Learning publishing houses to promote their English learning didactic material and teaching platforms. In our research, both English and North-American publishing houses seem to present on their virtual pages linguistic remains of the historicity which evokes their domineering colonial and imperialistic past (PHILLIPSON, 1992; 2000). Looking back on the colonial and postcolonial years, following the English expansion as a ruling language, we analyse the verbal and non-verbal historicity in their discourse. Sustained by the Pecheutian theory (PÊCHEUX, [1983], 2012, p. 43) considering meaning as strange to the logical literal voice, beyond its apparent transparency, we resort to linguistic studies developed by Courtine (1981; 2008) and Lagazzi (2010; 2011) regarding the effects of meaning evoked in the non-verbal discourse. We suspect that our corpus provides evidence that colonizing policies are still promoted while advertising English as a globalized and distinguished language in this century. Hellers studies reinforce our suspicion that among the earliest critiques of globalization are those about the use of English by British and American corporations to open up markets and create consumers (2010, p. 105). In other words, under the pretext of language learning and humanitarian aid to underprivileged peoples, Pearsons and Cengage Learnings sites try to persuade their virtual visitors that they are the legitimate corporations to help the nations in need by promoting better economic perspectives in their territories. They seem to insist surreptitiously on maintaining the politically and economically determined status quo dictated by sovereign ideologies.

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-06-28T19:40:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Desconstruindo o império - história e imaginário na ficção de Antônio Lobo Antunes.pdf: 1249897 bytes, checksum: 8b1134ddfe36b1e311384cb87cee83f8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-06-30T20:22:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Desconstruindo o império - história e imaginário na ficção de Antônio Lobo Antunes.pdf: 1249897 bytes, checksum: 8b1134ddfe36b1e311384cb87cee83f8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-30T20:23:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Desconstruindo o império - história e imaginário na ficção de Antônio Lobo Antunes.pdf: 1249897 bytes, checksum: 8b1134ddfe36b1e311384cb87cee83f8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / O presente estudo analisa o processo de desconstrução da memória imperial portuguesa efetivado pelos romances Memória de elefante (1979), Os cus de Judas, (1979) e As naus (1988), de autoria do escritor português António Lobo Antunes. Publicadas em um contexto pós-colonial, as narrativas direcionam-se à exploração do período de transição imperial/pós-imperial ainda em processo de construção após a Guerra Colonial, a Revolução dos Cravos e o processo de descolonização da África. A literatura surge no contexto pós-colonial português como uma alternativa para a elaboração de uma memória coletiva sobre o passado traumático e sobre os últimos capítulos do império português. A produção ficcional apresenta-se como possibilidade de interpretação da dinâmica política e social existente na construção de um novo Portugal após a Guerra Colonial, a Revolução dos Cravos e a descolonização dos territórios ultramarinos. A ficção antuniana, ao abordar acontecimentos traumáticos para a coletividade nacional, busca efetivar uma releitura da História e do imaginário nacional, a fim de desconstruir a memória imperial e efetivar a construção, por meio do discurso ficcional, de uma memória/História que se oponha ao sistemático movimento de apagamento da contemporaneidade iniciado após a Revolução. Os romances analisados durante a pesquisa, publicados em um período pós-Revolução, notabilizam-se pela tentativa de, pelo discurso ficcional, estabelecer uma forma de simbolizar, de transformar em linguagem, os traumas e os lapsos causados pelo processo de desmoronamento da imagem imperial junto à sociedade portuguesa. Em suas narrativas, Lobo Antunes reelabora o passado, evitando que acontecimentos marcantes sejam esquecidos pela sociedade com o decorrer do tempo. / This study analyses the process of deconstruction of portuguese imperial memory by the novels Memória de elefante (1979), Os cus de Judas (1979) and As Naus (1988), from the portuguese author António Lobo Antunes. Published in a post-colonial context, the narratives turn to the exploration of the period of imperial/post-imperial transition still in the building process after the Colonial War, the Carnation Revolution and the process of decolonization of Africa. The literature appears in the portuguese post-colonial context as an alternative to the development of a collective memory about the traumatic past and the last chapters of the portuguese empire. The Antunes’s fiction, to address traumatic events for the national community, seeks to effect a rereading of history and the national imagination in order to deconstruct the imperial memory and carry out the construction, through the fictional discourse, a memory/history opposed the systematic erasure of the contemporary movement started after the Revolution. The novels analyzed during the research, published in a post-revolution period, signalize by the attempt of the fictional discourse, establish a way to symbolize, to turn in to language, trauma and lapses caused by the process of collapse of the imperial image with the the Portuguese society. In his narratives, Lobo Antunes reworks the past, avoiding that important events are forgotten by society over the time.

Submitted by Kenia Bernini (kenia.bernini@ufpel.edu.br) on 2016-09-01T20:07:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Alexandre_Pinto_Coelho_ Almeida_Dissertação.pdf: 5180057 bytes, checksum: 40c548ee0b6cb39d2957a93bbe76b6c1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-09-05T19:33:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Alexandre_Pinto_Coelho_ Almeida_Dissertação.pdf: 5180057 bytes, checksum: 40c548ee0b6cb39d2957a93bbe76b6c1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-09-05T19:33:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Alexandre_Pinto_Coelho_ Almeida_Dissertação.pdf: 5180057 bytes, checksum: 40c548ee0b6cb39d2957a93bbe76b6c1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-05T19:33:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Alexandre_Pinto_Coelho_ Almeida_Dissertação.pdf: 5180057 bytes, checksum: 40c548ee0b6cb39d2957a93bbe76b6c1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-23 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - FAPERGS / O presente estudo é focado nos resultados da análise do material lítico do sítio arqueológico Florestal I, situado na região do Médio Rio Doce, Minas Gerais/Brasil. Através dos resultados das análises do material lítico, discuto as escolhas tecnológicas empregadas para se obter os instrumentos identificados, procurando compreender a execução da cadeia operatória de produção e a funcionalidade destes objetos e de que maneira estas escolhas auxiliam na compreensão da utilização e ocupação do espaço, além de abranger outros aspectos compreendidos dentro da dinâmica social e econômica destes portadores da cerâmica Tupiguarani que habitaram no passado a região do Médio Rio Doce. Paralelamente, apresentamos uma discussão a respeito de como os conceitos de cultura e civilização, advindos do pensamento ocidental, influenciaram de sobremaneira os arcabouços teóricos e metodológicos da pesquisa científica e na construção de um discurso colonialista da qual a arqueologia participou ativamente. / This study is focused on the analysis of the results of the lithic material from the archaeological site Florestal I, located in the Middle Rio Doce region. Through the results of the lithic material analysis, we discuss the technological choices used to obtain the identified tools, trying to understand the implementation of the operative production chain and the functionality of these objects and how these choices help to understand the use and occupation of space and covers other aspects understood within the social and economic dynamics of these Tupiguarani ceramic bearers who lived in the past the region of the Middle Rio Doce. At the same time, we present a discussion of how the concepts of culture and civilization, arising from the Western thought, greatly influenced the theoretical and methodological frameworks of scientific research and construction of a colonialist discourse which archeology participated actively.

Durant la guerre dite « d’Indochine » (1945-1954), plus de 20 000 combattants français, légionnaires et africains, sont portés « prisonniers et disparus ». Pour la majorité prisonniers de guerre (PG) de la République démocratique du Vietnam (RDV), ils sont soumis à un régime alimentaire et sanitaire qui, s’il est proche de celui des Vietnamiens, fait des ravages dans leurs rangs. Mais le rythme terrible des morts n’est pas le seul choc qui les attend en captivité, où ils se voient imposer une éducation politique visant à leur ouvrir les yeux sur la condition du prolétariat militaire qu’ils forment ainsi que sur celle du peuple vietnamien exploité par le colonialisme français. Désorientés par ces conditions de captivité, les PG voient leurs repères sociaux et moraux singulièrement mis à l’épreuve. Les PG se voient en effet contraints, pour survivre, de « jouer le jeu » de la propagande de leurs geôliers, enfreignant de ce fait leur devoir de soldat. Dans chaque camp, des microsociétés de captifs s’agrègent et se désagrègent, occasionnant entre eux d’importants clivages – encore sensibles aujourd’hui. Tous ensemble, ces éléments contribuent à assoir dès les années 1950 une analyse à charge de la captivité : les PG auraient été « exterminés » par leurs geôliers, fortement « soupçonnés » par leur hiérarchie après leur libération, et immédiatement « oubliés » de leurs compatriotes. Cette triple lecture – ici sensiblement nuancée – forge ainsi, pour les décennies à venir, les conditions de possibilité pour les anciens PG de la RDV de s’ériger en victimes.Mais l’expérience n’est pas également douloureuse chez tous les PG : au contact des Vietnamiens, ils deviennent également les sujets d’une expérience inter-nationale hors normes ; certains estiment même avoir retiré de cette expérience « une certaine vision enrichissante », à tout le moins font-ils part de leur soif de comprendre l’extraordinaire expérience qu’ils viennent de vivre. Pour les cadres militaires notamment, cette expérience est porteuse d’un premier « devoir de mémoire ». Plus jamais pareille défaite réclament ainsi nombre d’« anciens d’Indochine » basculant dans la « Guerre d’Algérie », modélisant « l’action psychologique » subie en captivité dans la perspective d’une « contre-insurrection » à la française. « Plus jamais ça ! » clament également nombre d’anciens PG, munis de la légitimité d’un anticommunisme empirique, pour condamner en France le mouvement de mai 1968, l’Union de la Gauche, ou les massacres commis au nom du marxisme ailleurs dans le monde. Pour certains, l’expérience de la captivité est même sublimée en une forme d’éthique pratique qui contribuera à conduire certains d’entre eux jusqu’aux plus hautes sphères, d’où ils participeront à initier le combat qui prendra son essor à partir des années 1980 pour la reconnaissance et la réparation des traumatismes subis par les PG de la RDV.Dans l’air du temps de la fin du XXe siècle, les témoins vont en effet mobiliser le traumatisme comme ressource pour la mobilisation initiée au nom de la mémoire de leur expérience. Le témoignage devient alors, tout à la fois, un matériau d’expertise historique avec la thèse de l’ancien PG R. Bonnafous en 1985, d’expertise médicolégale après l’adoption en 1989 du « statut de prisonnier du Viet-Minh », et d’expertise judiciaire lors de l’« affaire Boudarel ». La chute du bloc soviétique, l’affaissement du tiers-mondisme et de l’anticolonialisme et l’avènement de « l’ère de la victime », autorisent en effet les anciens PG de la RDV, dont le collectif s’institutionnalise et s’élargit avec la création en 1985 de l’ANAPI, à se reconnaître en tant que victimes et à travailler à être reconnus comme tels. Cette lecture victimaire de la captivité de guerre en Indochine offre au final la clé d’une patrimonialisation relative de leur expérience sur le mode paradigmatique de la mémoire des crimes et génocides nazis… le tout sur fond de réhabilitation de la colonisation française. / During the Indochina war (1945-1954), more than 20,000 French combatants, legionnaires and Africans, are listed "prisoners and missing". Prisoners of war (POW) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN) for the majority, they are subjected to a food and health regime that, if it is close to that of the Vietnamese, wreaks havoc in their ranks. But the terrible rhythm of the dead is not the only shock awaiting them in captivity, where they are forced to undergo a political education aimed at opening their eyes to the condition of the military proletariat they form, as well as to that of the Vietnamese people exploited by the French colonialism. Disorientated by these conditions of captivity, the POWs find their social and moral landmarks singularly put to the test. In order to survive, the POWs are forced to "play the game" of their jailers' propaganda, thereby violating their duty as soldiers. In each camp, captive micro-groups aggregate and disintegrate, causing important cleavages, still sensitive today, between them. This triple reading - here considered with nuance - thus forges, for decades to come, the conditions for the possibility of the former POWs of the DRVN becoming victims.But the experience is not as painful for all the POWs: when they come into contact with the Vietnamese, they also become subjects of an extraordinary international experience; some feel that they have even gained "a certain enriching vision" from this experience, at least they express their wish to understand the extraordinary experience they have just had. For officers in particular, this experience take the form of a first "duty to remember". Never again such defeats claim many Indochina veterans who fall into the "Algerian War", modeling "psychological action" suffered in captivity with the prospect of a French-style "counter-insurgency". "Never again!", claim many former POWs with the legitimacy of an empirical anti-communism, condemning, in France, the May 1968 movement, the "Union de la Gauche", or the massacres committed in the name of Marxism elsewhere in the world. For some, the experience of captivity is even sublimated into a form of practical ethics that will help to lead some of them to the highest political level, from where they will participate in initiating the fight that will take off from the 1980s onwards for the recognition and repair of the traumatisms suffered by the DRVN's POWs.In the spirit of the late twentieth century, witnesses mobilize trauma as a resource for mobilization initiated in the name of the memory of their experience. The testimony then becomes, at the same time, a material of historical expertise with the thesis of the former POW R. Bonnafous in 1985, of medico-legal expertise after the adoption in 1989 of the "prisoner of Viet Minh" status, and of judicial expertise during the "Boudarel affair". The fall of the Soviet Union, the collapse of the Third World and the anti-colonialism, and the advent of the "era of the victim", indeed, allow the former POWs of the DRVN, whose collective is institutionalised with the creation of the ANAPI in 1985, to recognize themselves as victims and to work to be recognized as such. This victimized reading of the war captivity in Indochina ultimately offers the key to a relative patrimonialization of their experience on the paradigmatic mode of memory of Nazi crimes and genocides... all against a background of the rehabilitation of the French colonization.

This is an ethnographic case study, based in participant observation, which investigates and analyzes how the everyday relationships between Europeans, South Americans expatriates & Angolan nationals, are structured in a common transnational labor community in Angola, named Cambambe. This study investigates if there are any features of post-colonial power relations that affect and shape the interactions between those three communities. Thus, if the contemporary forms of relationship, as expressed by this community, can still be compared to that old hard power stereotype namely labor relations from the colonial past, or if those have changed with modernity. In doing so, this study equally analyzes not only how the interactions between the three communities is expressed in terms of identity, culture and ethnic belonging, but also how such expressions bring about tangible consequences for the groups relating to their social and institutional positions inside the working community. Furthermore, this study examines if the three group populations are able to go beyond their ethnic and cultural boundaries in order to create common zones of togetherness and empowerment, and if so, how these zones are shaped. To do so, the analysis observes how the intergroup perceives power into their relational context, focusing in four dimensions, namely; rationality, perceived justice, material resources and identity. Moreover, this is a multidisciplinary analysis which makes use of the theoretical lenses provided by the post-colonial theory, psychology of intergroup relations and power theories in international relations, to shed light into the understanding of contemporary labor communities and in the position of the post-colonial subjects in society in a North to South perspective.

This essay is focused on the search for a true homeland in Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea from a Postcolonial point of view. The main protagonist, Antoinette Cosway, struggles with her mixed heritage which is both Caribbean and European. As a result, she suffers from a split identity and searches for a place of belonging. Vital Postcolonial concepts, such as Diaspora and displacement are used in order to investigate the struggle to find a true homeland. Moreover, the main purpose of this essay is to investigate how Rhys uses depictions of nature and colour to convey this search, and thereby introduces yet another aspect for the characters to interact with. Nature provides comfort, sense of belonging and the opposite, but also explores the relationship between the characters. The colours red and white are highly frequent, and refer to Antoinette’s Caribbean and European identity, which alters through the novel. The images of nature are nostalgically depicted and Antoinette longs for a lost Caribbean without the effects of Colonialism, which is merely history. It is also discovered that the homeland she longs for, England, is not what she was searching for. The struggle for the homeland becomes futile, since Antoinette longs for an England of the romantic novels and a Caribbean that does no longer exist.