Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T21:31:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 Thiago Carvalho Barbosa1.pdf: 344824 bytes, checksum: 8f6785f25d4a2030030cee55ce46bfed (MD5) Thiago Carvalho Barbosa2.pdf: 540735 bytes, checksum: 3b8e9da3f4f46a45ad1a59e6293ed424 (MD5) Thiago Carvalho Barbosa3.pdf: 657745 bytes, checksum: 7a64422afae7fc770bed6ad85edad25a (MD5) Thiago Carvalho Barbosa4.pdf: 2956074 bytes, checksum: c2521ac59772181da0649d2a188831f3 (MD5) Thiago Carvalho Barbosa5.pdf: 1515402 bytes, checksum: cf36647379a5e61293bfe231fa920449 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-18 / This research which involves Arts and History of Culture proposes a look back at the 1960 s. The setting is Brazil, politically disturbed and on the verge of a military coup which would depose President João Goulart (1919-1976) and establish a military regime that would rule until late 80 s. In this oppressive context we find Mônica, character of a cartoon series designed by Mauricio de Sousa starting in 1963. The little girl, who would gain international recognition, started as a secondary character in the comic strips featuring Cebolinha, another popular character by Sousa. In a few years Mônica would be taken to the top as Sousa a main character, which led to the gathering of a group of characters under the title of A Turma da Mônica (Mônica s Bunch). This research describes the beginning of Sousa a career and his characters with the purpose of getting acquainted with the first comic strips. Based on the British Cultural Studies, an intellectual movement dedicated to cultural analysis and discussion established after the Frankfurt School, we will demonstrate what is the involvement of selected midia with the context of creation, in order to demonstrate the relations of power between them. Mônica, the main character of this research is a girl who always overcomes conflicts by means of physical power and by such an attitude has always been portraited as violent by critics and readers. In this study we will demonstrate how the character resists to successive attempts from the other characters to convince her to be more feminine . The characteristics attributed to such a gender are fundamental to the discussion that aims at analyzing the cultural construction of male and female roles in the Brazilian society in the 1960 s. / Esta pesquisa que envolve os eixos de Artes e História da Cultura propõe um retorno à década de 1960. O cenário é o Brasil, conturbado politicamente e prestes a sofrer um golpe militar que deporia o presidente João Goulart (1919-1976), estabelecendo um regime militar que perduraria até o final dos anos 80. Neste contexto repressor temos Mônica, personagem de uma série de histórias em quadrinhos desenvolvidas por Mauricio de Sousa a partir de 1963. A garota que atingiria fama e reconhecimento internacional começou como coadjuvante nas pequenas tiras de Cebolinha, outro caractere popular de Mauricio. Em poucos anos Mônica seria elevada ao posto de principal criação de Sousa, fato que permitiu a reunião do elenco de personagens sob o titulo A Turma da Mônica . Nesta pesquisa percorreremos o início da carreira de Sousa e seus personagens a fim de conhecer suas primeiras tiras cômicas. Ao teor dos Estudos Culturais Britânicos, movimento de análise e discussão cultural posterior a Escola de Frankfurt, explicitaremos qual o envolvimento da mídia selecionada com o contexto de criação, afim de explicitar as relações de poder entre as mesmas. Mônica personagem central desta pesquisa é uma garota que sempre vence os conflitos através da força, por tal atitude foi constantemente caracterizada como violenta por críticos e leitores. Nesta pesquisa apresentaremos como a personagem resiste às sucessivas tentativas dos demais caracteres de convencê-la a ser mais feminina . As características atribuídas a tal gênero são imprescindíveis na discussão que objetiva analisar a construção cultural dos papéis feminino e masculino na sociedade brasileira na década de 1960.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T21:48:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 11 Thais Helena Affonso Verdolini1.pdf: 2326352 bytes, checksum: 1c94f3ea777746d2375e30c658186db7 (MD5) Thais Helena Affonso Verdolini2.pdf: 1046153 bytes, checksum: 2a029d258af78ba3f5320dd4e926fa42 (MD5) Thais Helena Affonso Verdolini3.pdf: 2698798 bytes, checksum: bd9d651d972a5e8960feb0b3f272eabf (MD5) Thais Helena Affonso Verdolini4.pdf: 3106261 bytes, checksum: 0722108ee653e50ac2c667aaa9aa6294 (MD5) Thais Helena Affonso Verdolini5.pdf: 3307694 bytes, checksum: 7e5157ccb9fe0e56d8c33693a5dcd747 (MD5) Thais Helena Affonso Verdolini6.pdf: 2548197 bytes, checksum: ed6cc004baff906f7898fda19877ac44 (MD5) Thais Helena Affonso Verdolini7.pdf: 3151910 bytes, checksum: 5d5353c25049b7b15cbb3c686e7209ce (MD5) Thais Helena Affonso Verdolini8.pdf: 2692804 bytes, checksum: 4843de9754024c0e35aa44c8bb13773e (MD5) Thais Helena Affonso Verdolini9.pdf: 2221519 bytes, checksum: 2ad256e7580c06ac60191ec12d9f6846 (MD5) Thais Helena Affonso Verdolini10.pdf: 2059047 bytes, checksum: df39f98c510cc7d4c3e4d68fc662e68a (MD5) Thais Helena Affonso Verdolini11.pdf: 1353064 bytes, checksum: d4c12faab70d8224e6936108464e4367 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-12 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The present research is primarily about the intertextuality used in the Turma da Mônica comic books, by Mauricio de Sousa, focusing on a characterization of the main linguistic resources that have ensured a faithful audience for the comic books in the last forty years. The dissertation begins by introducing the concept of comic books, along with a brief history, illustrating the major events which led to their current market position. An account of Mauricio de Sousa's life and works provides an insight into the author's passion for art and his struggle to succeed. Concepts from Reading Theory are used to reflect upon the cognitive process of reading and to describe the comic book reader's profile. Textual Linguistics principles drive the remaining work, focusing on the concepts related to intertextuality. An analysis of four Turma da Mônica stories from the 70's, 80's, 90's and 2000's shows the methods of which the parody seems to be the most common used by Mauricio de Sousa and his team to create humor and keep the comic books up to date and give reading pleasure to kids and adults alike. The research proposes that comic books can be used as a rich resource for textual analysis, entertaining reading for adults and deserving of evidence in the literature studies. / O presente trabalho trata principalmente, da intertextualidade presente nas histórias em quadrinhos da Turma da Mônica, de Mauricio de Sousa, buscando tecer uma caracterização dos principais recursos lingüísticos utilizados para a manutenção dos seus leitores nos quarenta anos de existência da publicação. A conceituação de quadrinhos e um breve histórico iniciam o trabalho, retratando os principais acontecimentos que levaram ao perfil mercadológico dos quadrinhos na atualidade. Um relato da vida e obra de Mauricio de Sousa demonstra um pouco da paixão do autor pela arte e sua luta pelo sucesso. Conceitos de Teoria da Leitura buscam refletir sobre o processo cognitivo da leitura e traçar um perfil do leitor de quadrinhos, especialmente da Turma da Mônica. Princípios da Lingüística Textual norteiam o restante da pesquisa, enfocando-se os conceitos relacionados à intertextualidade. Uma análise composta por quatro histórias em quadrinhos da Turma da Mônica dos anos 70, 80, 90 e 2000 procura demonstrar os artifícios dentre os quais a paródia revelou-se como o mais freqüente que Mauricio de Sousa e sua equipe empregam para criar humor e manter a leitura atualizada e prazerosa para as mais diversas idades, inclusive os adultos. A atual pesquisa adventa a possibilidade de os quadrinhos serem vistos como rico recurso de análise textual, como literatura de entretenimento também para adultos e como merecedores de destaque no âmbito dos estudos literários.

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar estratégias para a formação do leitor literário a partir da leitura de obras literárias adaptadas em quadrinhos. O enfoque desse estudo está na recepção da Literatura em Quadrinhos por leitores/alunos dos primeiros anos do Ensino Fundamental II, tendo por objeto a leitura da obra Sr. William Shakespeare teatro, de Marcia Williams. Considerando as atuais pesquisas no campo do ensino da língua materna, verifica-se que inúmeros têm sido os desafios e dilemas na formação de leitores proficientes. As práticas sociais de leitura na sociedade contemporânea demandam do leitor habilidades e competências sobre variadas linguagens, códigos e formas de expressão reunidas, muitas vezes, em um único texto, veiculado sob os mais variados suportes e mídias. Em um cenário composto por textos e linguagens híbridas e múltiplas, cabe o questionamento sobre quais são os saberes e competências necessários para que o aluno alcance efetivamente o objetivo da leitura, isto é, a construção de sentidos. Imbricadas na mesma obra, a Literatura, arte da palavra, e a História em Quadrinhos, arte sequencial, formam um texto intersemiótico rico em possibilidades de percursos para o leitor em formação, além de constituírem um campo propício à iniciação estética. Partindo dessas reflexões e hipóteses, este estudo pretende investigar a interação do leitor com a(s)obra e o(s) autor(es) a fim de refletir sobre aspectos sócio e metacognitivos da leitura. Pretende-se contribuir com as discussões sobre formação do leitor literário e a relevância de determinadas obras e linguagens nesse processo. Para tanto, neste estudo de caso, propõe-se a investigação por meio de questionários, diário de leitura e protocolo verbal para subsidiar o conhecimento e a reflexão sobre o processo de leitura da literatura em quadrinhos. / The purpose of this research is to investigate strategies to promote the formation of literary readers through the reading of literary works adapted into Comic Books. This study focus on the readers/students first contact with Literature in Comic Books at the beginning of their secondary school, aiming at reading the book Sr. William Shakespeare teatro, by Marcia Williams. Considering present researches in the field of mother tongue teaching, its been verified that there are many challenges and dilemmas in the formation of proficient readers. Reading social practices in contemporary society demand abilities and competences from the reader on various fields, codes and means of expression all together, many times, in only one text, in the most varied formats and media. In a scenario formed by texts and multiple hybrid means of expression, there is space for the questioning about which knowledge and competences are needed for the student to effectively achieve the aim of reading, in other words, the building of meaning. Interwoven in the same piece of work, the literature, the art of vocabulary usage, and the Comic Books, sequential art, create an inter-semiotic text, rich in possibilities to the developing reader, besides being a propitious field to the esthetic initiation. Starting from these considerations and hypothesis, this study intends to investigate the interaction between the reader, the work and its authors in order to reflect upon socio and meta-cognitive reading aspects. It is intended to contribute to the discussions about the literary reader formation and the relevance of specific works and forms of expression in this process. To do so, this case study has proposed the investigation through the use of questionnaires, reading diaries and verbal protocol to subsidize the knowledge and thought about the Literature in Comic Books reading process.

Na peça A Criação do Mundo e Outros Negócios Arthur Miller recorre à comédia, à imagética bíblica e a fragmentos de narrativas do midrash para compor com uma linguagem simples e popular, porém altamente significativa, (re)interpretações da História Primeva dotadas de um profundo senso crítico fortemente influenciado pelo pensamento existencialista. O dramaturgo expõe nesta comédia, igualmente como faz em outros escritos, questões contundentes do mundo contemporâneo, alertando, permanentemente, a partir de uma perspectiva humanista, para a necessidade de consciência e responsabilidade humanas. Desde o início de sua carreira o autor norte-americano emprega metáforas bíblicas que, de forma consciente ou não, refletem sua identidade, intimamente ligada às narrativas absorvidas no meio social. Ao associá-las ao pensamento existencialista que permeia sua obra dramatúrgica, Miller compõe um mosaico de idéias que opera dialogicamente diferentes significações e permite as mais diversas interpretações e leituras. Assim, valendo-se de ironia, humor e sarcasmo, iniciando pelo mito da Criação bíblica, passando pela história de Adão e Eva e da tentação, culminando com o fratricídio cometido por Caim, contra seu irmão Abel, o dramaturgo recria, à sua maneira e incorporando um complexo de preocupações temáticas que permeiam a literatura ocidental, os primeiros eventos da Bíblia descritos no livro de Gênesis. Para fazê-lo, o autor se serve habilmente de um estilo que se assemelha à exegese rabínica justamente por buscar nas narrativas e imagens dessa tradição as bases que dão forma e conteúdo à peça, criando uma alegoria simbólica que exibe mito e história ao mesmo tempo em que revela uma profunda frustração moral proveniente da filosofia existencialista absorvida de textos de Sartre e Camus. A investigação do riso como uma reflexão sobre a linguagem e o pensamento, bem como a percepção de que os conceitos e a crítica presentes na tessitura da comédia são tão contundentes e incisivos quanto os encontrados em outras obras suas, evidencia que o cômico não implica ausência de seriedade e que, a despeito de algumas falhas na concepção, a peça oferece mais do que risos e reflexões. Ela proporciona uma aventura intelectual sobre a investigação do mal moral e exige do público e dos críticos um desdobramento para além do material encenado. Portanto, A Criação do Mundo e Outros Negócios demanda um aprofundamento analítico que perscrute nos textos que com ela se inter-relacionam o subsídio necessário para se fazer um exame crítico mais apurado de toda a carga semântica proveniente do conteúdo bíblico, das narrativas do midrash, dos elementos existencialistas, da linguagem coloquial e do próprio gênero cômico, para assim, ao final, reconhecer seu valor artístico e sua significação no conjunto da obra daquele que foi considerado um dos maiores dramaturgos do século XX. / In the play The Creation of the World and Other Business Arthur Miller uses comic genre, biblical imagery and excerpts from midrash texts to compose, in an everyday, informal style, although deeply meaningful, (re)interpretations of Primeval (Hi)story characterized by a profound critical sense which is greatly influenced by existentialism. The playwright expresses in this comedy, as in his other works, important issues of contemporary world, by permanently taking a humanist standpoint and warning about the necessity for human consciousness and responsibility. From the beginning of his literary career the North-American dramatist applies biblical metaphors that reflect - consciously or not - his intimately connected identity to narratives absorbed in the social milieu. By relating these metaphors with existentialist thinking woven into his dramas, Miller composes a series of ideas that links dialogically different meanings and allows many interpretation and readings. Thus, with irony, humor and sarcasm, starting with the biblical myth of Creation, describing Adam and Eve\'s (hi)stories and the temptation, culminating in Cain\'s fratricide of Abel, the writer recreates in his own way and comprising an intricate web of themes from western literature, the first events of the Bible narrated in the book of Genesis. In order to accomplish his intent, the author makes use of a writing technique that resembles the rabbinical exegesis following the narratives and images of midrash to find the basis for his play, creating symbolic allegory, that presents myth and history at the same time. This exposes intense moral frustration from his readings of Sartre and Camus existential texts. The inquiry of laughter as a reasoning in language and thought as well as the perception that concepts and criticism found in the pattern of this play are as trenchant and incisive as in Miller\'s other works reveals that comedy does not imply the absence of seriousness and regardless of some misconceptions, found in the structure of its plot, the play offers more than laughter and insight. It provides an intellectual adventure through the questioning of evil and it demands - from the audience and critics - a new approach beyond dramatic performance. Therefore, \'The creation of the world and other business\' requires a thoroughgoing analysis based on texts interrelated to it to find the necessary support for a more precise critique considering all the semantic aspects from biblical and Midrash narratives, existentialist features, colloquial language and the comic genre, so that, in the end, the artistic merit and place of this play can be recognized among the works of an author who was considered to be one of the greatest 20th century playwrights.

Orientador: Sirio Possenti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T22:04:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gatti_MarcioAntonio_D.pdf: 3111786 bytes, checksum: 303d810bb83ff1f2a9d9bf5a7fc3d5e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta tese consiste num trabalho sobre o funcionamento dos estereótipos de criança no discurso humorístico. Para isso, partimos de pressupostos teóricos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa (AD), especialmente de conceitos como campo discursivo (Maingueneau, 1984) e cena de enunciação (Maingueneau, 2006). Sabendo que o objeto de estudo dessa tese (os estereótipos de criança nas tiras cômicas) congrega uma multiplicidade de temas, exploramos, no primeiro capítulo, a infância na história da cultura ocidental. Concebendo-a como uma categoria construída sócio historicamente, constatamos que boa parte das imagens pré-concebidas de criança derivam dessa construção. Seguindo a complexidade do objeto de estudo, passamos, no segundo capítulo, a explorar e aprofundar o conceito de estereótipo na AD, constatando que o conceito tem sido pouco explorado nessa disciplina. Avaliamos, portanto, nesse capítulo, a aproximação com outros conceitos da AD e estabelecemos os critérios teóricos e analíticos que envolvem o estereótipo nesta tese. No terceiro capítulo, passamos a analisar os estereótipos de criança nas tiras cômicas, mostrando que uma imagem de criança perpassa boa parte dos textos em que ela é representada: a imagem da "incompletude". Avaliando, porém, que a estereotipia da criança no humor é complexa, isto é, não há uma imagem estereotipada única de criança nos textos humorísticos, analisamos outros estereótipos - como o da criança ingênua - e sua exploração no humor. Compreendendo que a imagem da criança pode ter uma série de funções no discurso humorístico, no quarto capítulo, avaliamos a hipótese de como a criança pode ser um objeto de ridicularização do adulto. Seguindo a complexidade da estereotipia da criança, no quinto capítulo avaliamos como os estereótipos e alguns aspectos da circulação das tiras cômicas são preponderantes para o ethos dos personagens, bem como para os efeitos de sentido dos textos. Por fim, no sexto capítulo, mostramos como várias imagens de criança são fruto de nossa própria "evolução" civilizatória. Assim, tanto no caso da diferenciação da representação de meninos e meninas, como também traços como a falta de higiene são tipicamente oriundos do processo civilizador. Analisamos, assim, a complexidade da imagem das crianças em tiras cômicas. Estabelecemos, porém, que mesmo nessa complexidade, há um diálogo entre as imagens e os estereótipos da criança / Abstract: This thesis consists of a work about the functioning of children's stereotypes in humoristic discourse. In order to achieve this aim, it is based on the theoretical suppositions of the French Discourse Analysis (AD), especially concepts such discursive field (Maingueneau, 1984) and enunciation scene (Maingueneau , 2006). Knowing that the object of study of this thesis (the stereotypes of children in comic strips) gathers multiple themes, we explore in the first chapter, the history of childhood in occidental culture. We conceived it, as a social category historically built: we verified that a good number of these pre-conceived images of children come from this construction. Following the complexity of the aim of this study, we proceeded to the second chapter. Here, we explored and deepened the concept of this stereotype in the AD, verifying that this concept has been explored very little in this discipline. Therefore, in this chapter, we evaluated its approximation to other concepts of AD, and determined the theoretical and analytic criteria that involved this stereotype. In the third chapter, we analyzed the stereotypes of children in the comic strips showing that the image of children surpasses a good part of the texts in which they are represented: an image of "incompleteness". However, we evaluated that the stereotypes of children in humor are complex, that is, there is no unique stereotype of children in humorous texts. then we analyzed other stereotypes - like the naive child - and their exploitation in the humor.Understanding that the image of a child could have a series of functions in humorous speech, in the fourth chapter, we evaluated a hypothesis that how a child could be ridiculed by adults. Following the complexity of the stereotype of a child, in the fifth chapter, we evaluated how stereotypes and some aspects of the circulation of the comics are preponderant for the ethos of the characters, as well as for the effects of the sense of the texts. Finally, in the sixth chapter, we demonstrated how several images of children are the result of our own "evolution in the process of civilization". Therefore, in the case of differentiation of boys and girls, as well as traces such as lack of hygiene, these facts are typically originated in the process of civilization. We have analyzed the complexity of the image of children in comic strips. Therefore, we concluded, that in this complexity, there is a dialogue between the images and the stereotypes of children / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística

Il y aurait interaction constante entre théâtre comique, masque et pouvoir que nous examinons à travers une lecture intertextuelle et comparative des pièces françaises, francophones et égyptiennes des XIXe et XXe siècles, en mettant l’accent sur les techniques de camouflage et leurs objectifs, témoins d’une continuité entre les cultures. Nous démontrons que la distanciation, bien que rattachée au monde sérieux de la dramaturgie brechtienne, excelle surtout dans le théâtre comique du masque. Ce projet comporte en fait trois parties. Dans une première partie, nous passons en revue dans le premier chapitre les métamorphoses du masque avec ses procédés en arrimant théâtre comique et notion du pouvoir. Nous posons ensuite dans un second chapitre l’assise théorique et méthodologique qui sert de base à notre étude, en abordant le théâtre du masque comme un procédé dramaturgique de distanciation. Nous examinons premièrement la distanciation à travers les zones du texte (didascalies, prologue, spectacle enchâssé), où le théâtre se dit comme tel. Nous consacrons la deuxième partie à l’exploration de tous les procédés d’étrangéisation employés par les dramaturges en vue de distancier le personnage portant le masque du pouvoir, en mettant en lumière son caractère bouffon et carnavalesque. Le travestissement sous ses divers aspects impose un rapport de forces entre les personnages qui se manifeste à travers l’échange verbal et non verbal derrière le masque ainsi que l’espace et la temporalité, et constitue un vecteur de distanciation, comme on le voit dans la troisième partie. Le cadre spatio-temporel, étant le support d’un jeu de faire-semblant, enracine la relation de domination occasionnée par le masque. Du fictif se dégage une image du réel. / There would be constant interaction between comic theater, mask, and power that we examine through a comparative and intertextual reading of French francophone, and egyptian plays from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; focusing on the techniques of camouflage and their targets, which affirm continuity between cultures. We show that “distanciation”, although attached to the serious world of Brechtian dramaturgy, excels in the comic theater of the mask. This project comprises of three parts. In the first chapter of the initial part, we review the metamorphoses of the mask with its processes, by matching comic theater and concept of power. Then we put in a second chapter ,the theoretical basis and methodology, used as the basis for our study; addressing the theater of the mask as a dramatic process of “distanciation”. Firstly we examine the distance through the zones of the text (stage directions, prologue, & embedded shows), where the theater is presented alike. We devote the second part to the exploration of all the processes employed by the playwrights, in order to distance the character wearing the mask of power, highlighting its comic and carnivalesque aspects. The travesty in its various facets imposes a balance of power (relationship of power) between the characters. Which is manifested through verbal and non verbal exchange behind the mask ,space, and time which are vectors of distanciation (as seen in the third part). The spatio-temporal framework, being the holder of a game of make-believe, rooted the relationship of domination caused by the mask. The fictitious emerges an image of reality.

Ce travail décrit les différentes formes que prennent les emprunts à l'épopée dans les comédies d'Aristophane afin de définir le rapport construit par la comédie entre les deux genres littéraires, entre dérision comique et hommage littéraire, ruptures et continuités idéologiques, filiations et innovations poétiques. / This study tries to describe the various forms of Aristophanic borrowing to epic poetry, in order to define the relationship between the two genres: mockery or homage to the poet, ideological break or continuity, poetic filiation or innovation?

L'objectif de nos recherches consiste à définir la notion d'extravagance en l'inscrivant dans le contexte qui en voit l'essor littéraire, de l'année 1623 (avec L'Histoire comique de Francion de Sorel) à 1666 (avec Le Misanthrope de Molière et Le Roman bourgeois de Furetière) ; il s'agit de montrer comment cette notion rend compte des enjeux socioculturels, littéraires et esthétiques du premier XVIIe siècle. Nos travaux s'inscrivent dans une perspective pluridisciplinaire : l'extravagance convoque à la fois le domaine de la médecine, l'histoire des traitements et de l'enfermement du fou, la question philosophique des rapports réversibles entre folie et sagesse, domaines que nous étudions en miroir des représentations littéraires de la déraison. Le trouble qui atteint l'extravagant perturbe son imagination en n'altérant que faiblement son entendement. Un savoir mal maîtrisé et des lectures nocives, qui sont souvent des romans, sont la cause de son délire : contrairement à l'idiot, son esprit n'est pas vide, mais interprète de manière erronée ce qu'il perçoit du monde. Ce trouble de l'esprit l'amène également à s'écarter du comportement prescrit dans l'espace social. Face au modèle de l'honnête homme, défini par les traités de civilité, l'extravagant est incapable de respecter les codes de la bienséance et de la politesse. Cette lecture nous permet de proposer une interprétation renouvelée des types comiques que l'on trouve dans les comédies et les histoires comiques des années 1620-1660, tels le capitan-matamore, le pédant, le provincial, etc... / The purpose of our research is to define extravagance by looking at this notion in context when it experienced its first literary successes, that is from 1623 (with L'Histoire comique de Francion by Sorel) to 1666 (Le Misanthrope by Molière and Le Roman bourgeois by Furetière). We therefore aim at showing how it illustrated sociocultural, literary and esthetical issues in the early seventeenth century. Our research is carried along pluridisciplinary lines: extravagance deals at the same time with medicine, the history of cures and the imprisonment of the insane and the philosophical question of reversible links between madness and wisdom, and this is why I am studying these fields while analysing literary representations of madness. The extravagant's disorder disturbs his imagination without really impairing his understanding. Uncontrolled knowledge and noxious readings, which are often novels, are responsible for his madness. Unlike the fool, his mind is not empty, but it blurs the way in which he perceives the world. Such mental confusion also makes him move away from accepted social behaviours. As opposed to the model of the honest man as defined by treatises of courtesy, the extravagant man cannot abide by proprieties and polite codes. This perspective leads me to formulate a new interpretation of the comic characters we can find in comedies and comic novels from the 1620-1660 era, such as the braggart, the pedant, the countryman, and so on...

Le théâtre de Fabien Cloutier suscite abondamment le rire chez les spectateurs, mais ce rire est, très souvent, accompagné d'un sentiment de malaise qui investit la salle. Quel rôle joue le comique dans les pièces de Fabien Cloutier et quelle est la fonction du rire des spectateurs lors des représentations ? Ce mémoire postule que le rire, tel que provoqué par le théâtre de Fabien Cloutier, joue un rôle fondamentalement critique. À partir des dynamiques à la fois d’identification et de distanciation mises en œuvre par le théâtre de Fabien Cloutier, ce mémoire propose d’étudier la fonction critique du rire dans les pièces Scotstown, Cranbourne, Billy [Les jours de hurlement] et Pour réussir un poulet à la lumière de la théorie bergsonienne du rire, qui conçoit le rire comme un correctif social. / Fabien Cloutier’s plays spark copious laughter in spectators, but said laughter is often accompanied by a sense of discomfort which takes over the theatre. What part does the comic play in Fabien Cloutier’s work, and what is the function of audience members’ laughter during performances? This paper argues that laughter, as provoked by Fabien Cloutier’s theatre, serves a fundamentally critical purpose. Using the dynamics of both identification and distanciation at play in Fabien Cloutier’s theatre, this paper proposes that the critical function of laughter in plays Scotstown, Cranbourne, Billy [Les jours de hurlement] and Pour réussir un poulet be studied in light of the Bergsonian theory of laughter, which conceives of laughter as a social corrective.

Main aim of this diploma thesis is a comparison of K. M. Čapek-Chod's Turbina and The man of seven sisters by J. Havlíček with emphasis on comic in both works. Thesis is based on theoretical discourse about comic in general and on resulsts of existing evaluations of Turbina and The man of seven sisters. Comparison of the interpetation by itself, which is based on the comic in both works shows that comic is an integral part of both works and that both work express positively material bodily values of human life through the comic. Turbina does the work by showing invincibility of a man that resides in the immortality of mankind as a whole. The man of seven sisters nods in agreement to material bodily values by showing comical efforts to overcome this immortality of mankind.