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21	O preço das commodities importa? Eficiência operacional dos bancos brasileiros e a queda recente nos preços das commodities Lima, Gilmar Alves 31 January 2017 (has links) Submitted by GILMAR ALVES LIMA (gilmaralveslima@gmail.com) on 2017-03-02T01:24:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao GilmarAlveLima Versao_Final_Pos_Banca_v2.pdf: 1259267 bytes, checksum: f8265a1e8b51deb97de3ad6305c5e196 (MD5) / Rejected by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br), reason: Gilmar, boa tarde Para que possamos aceitar seu trabalho, por gentileza, é necessário de retire a acentuação do nome Getúlio. Outra questão, foi solicitado alteração no título de seu trabalho? Pois no protocolo entregue e em Ata, consta: O PREÇO DAS COMMODITIES IMPORTA? EFICIÊNCIA OPERACIONAL DOS BANCOS BRASILEIROS E A QUEDA RECENTE NOS PREÇOS DAS COMMODITIES. Se não houve alteração, deve estar igual a Ata. Att on 2017-03-02T19:22:40Z (GMT) / Submitted by GILMAR ALVES LIMA (gilmaralveslima@gmail.com) on 2017-03-06T09:55:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Gilmar_Alves_Lima.pdf: 1258747 bytes, checksum: b97759b1af8d57267d2b823d2f8dd0ab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2017-03-07T00:04:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Gilmar_Alves_Lima.pdf: 1258747 bytes, checksum: b97759b1af8d57267d2b823d2f8dd0ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-07T18:39:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Gilmar_Alves_Lima.pdf: 1258747 bytes, checksum: b97759b1af8d57267d2b823d2f8dd0ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-31 / This work analyzes the effect of the recent drop in commodity prices, starting from march 2014, on the level of efficiency of Brazilian banks. The core target of this paper is to observe whether, in general, adverse shocks tend to make banks more efficient due to the restrictions that these situations impose. For this investigation, it was necessary to collect the data from the Brazilian conglomerates and independent financial institutions (except for development banks) from March 2011 to September 2016. The Risk Weighted Assets - RWA related to the exposure due to the variation of commodity prices (RWACOM) were used to ascertain the exposure to commodities throughout this time. The results indicate that the recent drop in commodity prices did not influence the gain or loss of efficiency of Brazilian banks more exposed to price changes. / Este trabalho apresenta o efeito da queda recente nos preços das commodities, ocorrida a partir de março de 2014, sobre o nível de eficiência dos bancos brasileiros. A partir dessa relação, objetiva-se verificar se, de um modo geral, os choques adversos tendem a tornar os bancos mais eficientes, dadas as restrições que eles impõem. Para essa investigação, foram coletados dados dos conglomerados e instituições financeiras independentes (exceto bancos de desenvolvimento) brasileiros durante o período de março de 2011 a setembro de 2016. Para verificar a exposição a commodities nesse período, foi utilizada a parcela do ativo ponderado pelo risco (Risk Weighted Assets - RWA) referente às exposições sujeitas à variação dos preços das commodities (RWACOM). Os resultados indicam que a queda recente nos preços das commodities não influenciou no ganho ou perda de eficiência dos bancos brasileiros mais expostos às variações nos preços. Eficiência bancária Choques adversos Queda nos preços das commodities Adverse shocks Drop in commodity prices Commodity exposure Economia Produtos primários Mercados financeiros futuros Bancos - Brasil
22	Modelos de valor presente como instrumentos para estimativa de preços de contratos de boi gordo, café arábica, milho e dólar norte-americano no Brasil Silva, Carlos Eduardo Mariano da 11 February 2015 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo Mariano da Silvaprot.pdf: 2595730 bytes, checksum: 9833a96c1c04d678ce0e727b83b72b45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-11 / The aim of this work is to test the rationality of the Brazilian market for commodities actively negotiated at the BM&FBovespa, the exchange for stocks and derivatives in Brazil. The study encompasses live cattle, arabic coffee, corn and the US$/R$ exchange rate. The Present Value Model (PVM) was used to test the ratio between the future and spot prices spread and the market price of commodity under study. The ratio between the convenience yield, that accrues to holders of inventory, and the spot price is also tested. Cointegration tests, Granger causality tests and serial autocorrelation are among the tools employed. Conformance to the present value model is weak, since there is no cointegration between the convenience yield and the spot price for none of the four commodities. Prices, therefore, deviate from fundamentals. It is not possible to reconcile return forecasts with an efficient market environment under a context of rational expectations for the above mentioned assets. It is thus necessary continued investigations in this field. Two alternative schools of thought for investigations would be using equilibrium models between future and spot prices with arbitrage finite elasticity and, if prices follow an stochastic multivariate process, reverting to a trend line, to treat the convenience yield as an endogenous variable. / Este trabalho de pesquisa teve por objetivo principal testar a racionalidade do mercado brasileiro de commodities agropecuárias, para os ativos boi gordo, café arábica, milho e no âmbito de ativos financeiros, para a taxa de câmbio do dólar norteamericano. Essas commodities estocáveis são largamente transacionadas na Bolsa de Mercadoria e Futuros (BM&FBovespa). Utilizou-se o modelo de valor presente (PVM) da razão entre o spread dos preços futuros e a vista ( spot ) e o preço de mercado do ativo em questão, bem como entre o ganho de conveniência, que é o benefício obtido pelos detentores de estoque físico e o preço de mercado spot , utilizando testes de cointegração, de causalidade no sentido de Granger e de auto correlação dos excessos de retorno. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram uma fraca evidência do modelo para explicar os preços das commodities estocáveis estudadas, já que não houve cointegração entre o preço spot e o ganho de conveniência para nenhuma das commodities. Os preços, portanto, se desviam dos valores fundamentais para as commodities neste estudo. Assim, não é possível compatibilizar a previsibilidade de retornos com a existência de um mercado eficiente sob um contexto de expectativas racionais para os ativos estudados. Nesse sentido é necessária a continuidade das investigações neste campo. Duas vertentes alternativas para esses estudos seriam a utilização de modelos de equilíbrio de preços spot e futuros com elasticidade finita de arbitragem e, em outra linha de pesquisa, se os preços seguirem um processo multivariável estocástico, revertendo à uma linha de tendência, tratar o ganho de conveniência como uma variável endógena. modelo de valor presente preço de commodities ganho de conveniência testes de cointegração present value model commodity prices convenience yield cointegration tests
23	Problèmes de choix de modèles dans la volatilité conditionnelle / Essay on model selection methods in conditional volatility Chuffart, Thomas 14 November 2016 (has links) Cette thèse de doctorat composée de trois chapitres contribue au développement de la problématique sur la sélection de modèle de volatilité de type GARCH. Le premier chapitre propose une étude de simulation sur la sélection de modèles dans le cadre spécifique des modèles à changement de régimes. On propose des expériences de simulation permettant de mettre en évidence l'inefficacité des critères de sélection usuels dans des cas particuliers, ce qui peut conduire à des erreurs de spécification lors du choix de modèle. Le deuxième chapitre propose un test du multiplicateur de Lagrange de mauvaise spécification dans les modèles GARCH univariés. L'hypothèse nulle admet que le processus générateur des données est un modèle GARCH linéaire tandis que sous l'hypothèse alternative il correspond à une forme fonctionnelle inconnue qui est linéarisée à l’aide d’un développement de Taylor. On illustre le test dans une application empirique sur les taux de change. Le dernier chapitre étudie l'impact du prix du pétrole sur les spreads de Credit Default Swaps souverains de deux pays exportateurs de pétrole: le Vénézuela et la Russie. Utilisant des données récentes, nous trouvons que les rendements du prix du pétrole impactent les spread de CDS souverains du Vénézuela directement alors que cela passe par le canal du taux de change pour la Russie. Ce chapitre emploie des méthodes statistiques avancées, notamment l'utilisation de modèles à changement de régimes Markoviens. Finalement, l'appendice propose le manuel de la toolbox MSGtool (Matlab) qui propose une collection de fonctions pour l'étude des modèles à changement de régimes Markoviens. La toolbox est très user-friendly. / This Ph.D. thesis composed by three chapters contributes to the development of model selection in GARCH-type models.The first chapter investigates whether the most common selection criteria lead to choose the right specification in a regime switching framework. We propose simulation experiments which reveal the inefficiency of some selection criteria in particular cases which lead to misspecification. Depending on the Data Generating Process used in the experiments, great care is needed when choosing a criterion.In the second chapter, a misspecication test for GARCH-type models is presented. We propose a Lagrange Multiplier type test based on a Taylor expansion to distinguish between (G)ARCH models and unknown nonlinear GARCH-type models. This test can be seen as a general misspecication test. We investigate the size and the power of this test through Monte Carlo experiments. We show the usefulness of our test with an illustrative empirical example based on daily exchange rate returns.In the third chapter, we study the impact of oil price returns on sovereign Credit Default Swaps (CDS) spreads for two major oil producers, Russia and Venezuela. Using daily spreads from 2008 to 2015, we find that crude oil price returns are a critical determinant of Venezuela CDS spreads changes, but does not explain significantly Russian CDS spreads. Indeed, oil prices seem to impact Russian CDS spreads through the exchange rates canal. Finally, we propose as an appendix the manual of the MSGtool, a MATLAB toolbox, which provides a collection of functions for the simulation and estimation of a large variety of Markov Switching GARCH (MSG) models. Garch Transition lissée Changement de régime Markovien Credit default swaps Test statistiques Multiplicateur de Lagrange Pétrole Énergie Prix des commodités Garch Smooth transition Markov Switching models Credit default swaps Test statistics Lagrange mutiplier Oil prices Commodity prices Exchange rates
24	Three essays in applied economics Tesei, Andrea 12 July 2012 (has links) This thesis investigates different social and political aspects of modern economies. The first chapter contributes to the natural resource curse debate, by showing that the impact of resource windfalls is different among democracies and autocracies. The results also point to the existence of a large heterogeneity in the response to resource shocks among autocracies. The second chapter focuses on metropolitan areas in the US, and deals with the issue of social capital formation. I examine one important aspect of social capital, trust, and argue that it is lower when income inequality between different racial groups in the metropolitan area is higher. The third chapter studies the relation between media influence and electoral voting in Italy. I relate electoral outcomes at the municipal level to differences in signal reception of Silvio Berlusconi's private TV network. The results show that greater exposure to commercial television increases support for Silvio Berlusconi's party. / Aquesta tesi investiga diferents aspectes socials i polítics de les economies modernes. El primer capítol versa sobre el debat a l'entorn dels recursos naturals, mostrant que l'impacte dels guanys imprevistos dels recursos és diferent entre democràcies i autocràcies. Els resultats també indiquen l'existència d'una àmplia heterogeneïtat entre autocràcies en la seva reacció davant a variacions dels recursos. El segon capítol se centra en les àrees metropolitanes dels EUA i tracta el tema de la formació de capital social. He examinat un aspecte important del capital social, la confiança, i, argumento que és baixa quan, en la mateixa zona metropolitana, hi ha una gran desigualtat en les rentes dels diferents grups racials. El tercer capítol estudia la relació entre la influència dels mitjans de comunicació i el vot electoral a Itàlia. He relacionat els resultats electorals a nivell municipal amb les diferències en la recepció del senyal dels canals privats de televisió de Silvio Berlusconi. El resultat mostra que una gran exposició a la televisió comercial incrementa el suport polític al partit de Berlusconi. Applied Econometrics Natural Resource Curse Democratization Commodity Prices Trust Racial Fragmentation Income Inequality United States Mass Media Politics Berlusconi Econometría Aplicada Maldición de los Recursos Naturales Democratización Precios de las Materias Primas Confianza Fragmentación Racial Desigualdad Económica Estados Unidos Medios de Comunicación Política 33
25	Utvecklingen av marknadsvärdet för svenska frekvenshållningsreserver 2024–2030 : En prognos för utvecklingen av marknadsvärdet för frekvenshållningsreserverna FCR-N, FCR-D upp och FCR-D ned på den svenska balansmarknaden mellan 2024 och 2030 / The Development of the Market Value of Swedish Frequency Containment Reserves 2024–2030 : A forecast for the development of the market value for the frequency containment reserves FCR-N, FCR-D up and FCR-D down in the Swedish balancing market between 2024 and 2030 Ludvig, Aldén, Gustav, Espefält, Gabriel, Gabro January 2024 (has links) I takt med en ökad andel variabel förnybar elproduktion i Sveriges energimix blir elnätets flexibilitet allt viktigare för att upprätthålla en stabil elförsörjning. Detta arbete undersöker framtida prognoser för priser och volymer på de svenska frekvenshållningsreserverna FCR-N, FCR-D upp och FCR-D ned fram till år 2030. Prognoser för sådan utveckling är viktiga för elmarknadens aktörer och deras beslut att investera i flexibilitetsresurser. SARIMAX-modeller utvecklades baserade på historisk data och antaganden om framtida utvecklingar, vilka i sin tur grundades på en intervju med en branschexpert samt aktuella kartläggningar och rapporter. Resultaten visar på en markant nedåtgående pristrend. För FCR-N prognostiseras priserna sjunka med 367 % från 2024 till 2030, från 29 euro/MW till 5 euro/MW. FCR-D upp förväntas följa en liknande trend med ett prisfall på 325 %, från 20 euro/MW år 2024 till 4 euro/MW år 2030. Den kraftigaste prisnedgången prognostiseras för FCR-D ned, där priserna beräknas rasa med över 1900 % under samma period - från 61 euro/MW år 2024 till endast 3 euro/MW år 2030. Vad gäller volymer visar prognoserna på en relativt stabil utveckling kring upphandlingsplanerna, med en viss ökning för FCR-D ned på 44 % från 2024 till 2030. Den pågående etableringen av batterilager förutses ha stor påverkan genom att öka konkurrensen och pressa priserna nedåt. De låga prisnivåerna 2030 kan dock göra det utmanande att motivera investeringar enbart baserat på intäkter från FCR-marknader. Vidare diskuteras modellernas begränsningar samt behovet av framtida forskning kring batteriteknik, råvaruaspekter och avancerade simuleringsmodeller för att bättre förstå marknadsdynamiken. / As the share of variable renewable electricity production increases in Sweden's energy mix, the flexibility of the power grid becomes increasingly important to maintain a stable electricity supply. This study aims to forecast prices and volumes of the Swedish frequency containment reserves FCR-N, FCR-D up, and FCR-D down until 2030. Forecasts of such developments are important for electricity market participants and their decisions to invest in flexibility resources. SARIMAX models were developed based on historical data and assumptions about future developments, which in turn were based on an interview with an industry expert as well as current reports. The results indicate a significant downward price trend. For FCR-N, prices are forecasted to decrease by 367% from 2024 to 2030, dropping from 29 euros/MW to 5 euros/MW. FCR-D up is expected to follow a similar trend with a 325% price drop, from 20 euros/MW in 2024 to 4 euros/MW in 2030. The sharpest price decline is forecasted for FCR-D down, where prices are estimated to plummet by over 1900% during the same period - from 61 euros/MW in 2024 to only 3 euros/MW in 2030. Regarding volumes, the forecasts show a relatively stable development around the procurement plans, with a certain increase for FCR-D down by 44% from 2024 to 2030. The ongoing establishment of battery storage is expected to have a major impact by increasing competition and putting downward pressure on prices. However, the low price levels in 2030 may make it challenging to justify investments based solely on revenues from FCR markets. Furthermore, the limitations of the models are discussed, as well as the need for future research on battery technology, raw material aspects, and advanced simulation models to better understand market dynamics. FCR frequency containment reserves FCR-N FCR-D up FCR-D down upregulation downregulation variable renewable energy VRE power grid power system flexibility electricity supply stable forecast electricity market SARIMAX time series modeling data price volume market value energy storage battery storage battery park batteries competition time series flexibility resource flexibility service risk system effect future scenarios scenario balancing market volume development investment decisions scenario analysis uncertainty management sensitivity analysis competitive situation commodity prices technology development policy impact capacity expansion profitability calculations risk management FCR frekvenshållningsreserver FCR-N FCR-D upp FCR-D ned uppreglering nedreglering variabel förnybar energiproduktion VRE elnät kraftsystem flexibilitet elförsörjning stabil prognos elmarknad SARIMAX tidsseriemodellering data pris volym marknadsvärde energilagring batterilager batteripark batterier konkurrens tidsserie flexibilitetsresurs flexibilitetstjänst risk systemeffekt framtidsscenarier scenario balansmarknad volymutveckling investeringsbeslut scenarioanalys osäkerhetshantering känslighetsanalys konkurrenssituation råvarupriser teknologiutveckling policypåverkan kapacitetsutbyggnad lönsamhetsberäkningar riskhantering Energy Systems Energisystem

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