CNPq / Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem para a definição automática de bases de regras em Classificadores Fuzzy Probabilísticos (CFPs), um caso particular dos Sistemas Fuzzy Probabilísticos. Como parte integrante deste processo, são utilizados métodos de redução de dimensionalidade como: análise de componentes principais e discriminante de Fisher. Os algoritmos de agrupamento testados para particionar o universo das variáveis de entrada do sistema são Gustafson-Kessel, Supervised Fuzzy Clustering ambos já consolidados na literatura. Adicionalmente, propõe-se um novo algoritmo de agrupamento denominado Gustafson-Kessel com Ponto Focal como parte integrante do projeto automático de CFPs. A capacidade deste novo algoritmo em identificar clusters elipsoidais e não elipsoidais também é avaliada neste trabalho. Em dados altamente correlacionados ou totalmente correlacionados ocorrem problemas na inversão da matriz de covariância fuzzy. Desta forma, um método de regularização é necessário para esta matriz e um novo método está sendo proposto neste trabalho.Nos CFPs considerados, a combinação de antecedentes e consequentes fornece uma base de regras na qual todos os consequentes são possíveis em uma regra, cada um associado a uma medida de probabilidade. Neste trabalho, esta medida de probabilidade é calculada com base no Teorema de Bayes que, a partir de uma função de verossimilhança, atualiza a informação a priori de cada consequente em cada regra. A principal inovação é o cálculo da função de verossimilhança que se baseia no conceito de “região Ideal” de forma a melhor identificar as probabilidades associadas aos consequentes da regra. Os CFPs propostos são comparados com classificadores fuzzy-bayesianos  e outros tradicionais na área de aprendizado de máquina considerando conjuntos de dados gerados artificialmente, 30 benchmarks e também dados extraídos diretamente de problemas reais  como detecção de falhas em rolamentos de máquinas industriais. Os resultados dos experimentos mostram que os classificadores fuzzy propostos superam, em termos de acurácia, os classificadores fuzzy-bayesianos considerados e alcançam  resultados competitivos com classificadores não-fuzzy tradicionais usados na comparação. Os resultados também mostram que o método de regularização proposto é uma alternativa para a técnica de agrupamento Gustafson-Kessel (com ou sem ponto focal) quando se consideram dados com alta correção linear. / This work presents a new approach for the automatic design of Probabilistic Fuzzy Classifiers (PFCs), which are a special case of Probabilistic Fuzzy Systems. As part of the design process we consider methods for reducing the dimensionality like the principal component analysis and the Fisher discriminant. The clustering methods tested for partitioning the universe of input variables are Gustafson-Kessel and Supervised Fuzzy Clustering, both consolidated in the literature. In addition, we propose a new clustering method called Gustafson-Kessel with Focal Point as part of the automatic design of PFCs. We also tested the capacity of this method to deal with ellipsoidal and non-ellipsoidal clusters. Highly correlated data represent a challenge to fuzzy clustering due to the inversion of the fuzzy covariance matrix. Therefore, a regularization method is necessary for this matrix and a new one is proposed in this work. In the proposed PFCs, the combination of antecedents and consequents provides a rule base in which all consequents are possible, each one associated with a probability measure. In this work, the probability is calculated based on the Bayes Theorem by updating, through the likelihood function, a priori information concerning every consequent in each rule. The main innovation is the calculus of the likelihood functions which is based on the “ideal region” concept, aiming to improve the estimation of the probabilities associated with rules’ consequents. The proposed PFCs are compared with fuzzy-bayesian classifiers and other ones traditional in machine learning over artificial generated data, 30 different benchmarks and also on data directly extracted from real world like the problem of detecting bearings fault in industrial machines. Experiments results show that the proposed PFCs outperform, in terms of accuracy, the fuzzy-bayesian approaches and are competitive with the traditional non-fuzzy classifiers used in the comparison. The results also show that the proposed regularization method is an alternative to the Gustafson-Kessel clustering technique (with or without focal point) when using linearly correlated data.

Introduktionsprocesser är en viktig del i många verksamheter och speciellt inom restaurangbranschen där nyanställda snabbt ska kunna arbeta självständigt. Restaurangbranschen är också en av de branscherna med högst personalomsättning, vilket kan vara ett problem. Med en genomtänkt och förbättrad introduktion vid nyanställning kan organisationer få sina anställda förstå de mål, visioner och strategier som organisationen satt upp. Detta kan då leda till att personal stannar längre på arbetsplatsen. Målsättningen med denna studie har varit att kartlägga och jämföra hur introduktionen ser ut för nyanställda inom restaurang A och B och vilka åtgärder som kan göras för att förbättra introduktionen med hjälp av etablerade teorier och modeller inom informationslogistik. För att besvara studiens forskningsfrågor har ett deduktivt angreppssätt använts där vi som undersökare gått från empiri till teori. Den data som samlats in kommer från intervjuer och enkätundersökningar som var metodvalen för undersökningen. Två stycken restaurangers introduktionsprocesser för nyanställda kartlades för att se hur de arbetar med introduktionen för nyanställda. Undersökningen gjordes med de ansvariga för respektive introduktion och de personer som varit anställda två år eller kortare. Med hjälp av de intervjuer och enkätundersökning som genomfördes med ansvariga restaurangchefer och anställda inom restaurang A och B kunde en kartläggning av nuläget presenteras. De diskussioner som förts från resultatet av studien har visat att ansvariga för introduktionerna saknar dokumentation för hur processen ska gå till. Introduktion har därför kunnat bli skiftande beroende på hur och när den genomförts. En etablerad introduktionsprocess bör införas, för att varje nyanställd ska få samma förutsättningar att kunna utföra sitt arbete enligt restaurangernas mål, visioner och strategier. De slutsatser som studien presenterar visar på förbättringsförslag genom den empiri som samlats in har kopplats ihop med teori, modeller och tidigare forskning. Dessa förbättringar har skapat introduktionsplan med etablerade processer. / Introduction processes are an important part of many activities, especially in the catering industry, where new employees can quickly work independently. The catering is also one of the sectors with the highest turnover, which could be a problem. With a well thought out and improved introduction for new employees, companies can get their employees to understand the goals, visions and strategies that the company had set up. This can then lead to staff staying longer at work. The aim of this study was to identify and compare how the introduction looks for new employees in the restaurant A and B and the measures that can be done to improve the introduction using the established theories and models in information logistics. To answer the thesis research questions, have a deductive approach been used where we as investigators passed from empiricism to theory. The data collected from interviews and surveys were elections approach for the investigation. Two restaurant's introduction process for new employees was surveyed to see how they work with the introduction of new employees. The survey was conducted with those responsible for each introduction and the people who have been employed for two years or less. With the help of interviews and surveys we conducted with responsible restaurant managers and employees of the restaurant, A and B could be an overview of the current situation presented. The discussions of the results of the study have shown that responsible for the introductions have no documentation of how the process should be conducted. Introduction has therefore been able to be varied depending on how and when it is completed. An established introduction process should be introduced to each new employee should have the same opportunities to carry out their work according to the restaurant's goals, visions and strategies. The conclusions of the thesis present the shows of improvement proposals by the empirical evidence gathered has been linked with the theory, models and previous research. These improvements have created introductory plan with established processes.

In early January 2018, the clothing company H&M released a new collection for children. One of the sweaters in the collection was printed with the text "Coolest monkey in the jungle". The shirt was worn by a dark-skinned child and H&M was accused of racism. This is because the word "monkey" has historically been used as a racist slur to downgrade dark-skinned people. Throughout the scandal H&M has published an official press release, as well as a number of posts on social media, each of which affects the scandal. The purpose of the study is to analyze H&Ms crisis communication with regard to the strategies they used during the shirt scandal. The main question of the study is how did H&M's crisis communication express itself in text during the shirt scandal. The theories used in the study are William Benoit's image repair theory (2014) and Timothy Coombs Situational crisis communication theory (2007), abbreviated SCCT. The methods used are a qualitative content analysis, text analysis and a rhetorical analysis. The qualitative content analysis is based on the chosen theories, so that the survey can extract the underlying message that H&M wants to convey. While the text analysis processes the text itself and how the company wants the reader to perceive the message and how H&M’s texts interact with each other. The rhetorical analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the text's underlying message and structure with the actual text as a starting point. The rhetorical analysis is done by analysing the text’s structure with the rhetoric disposition scheme as a starting point. H&M’s crisis communication is in this case related to what is proposed in the strategic theories of crisis communication. The main crisis communication strategies used by H&M were admitting responsibility, asking for forgiveness and corrective actions. The rhetoric analysis has shown that the press release and posts on social media have different functions. The press release make greater importance to the structure of the disposition scheme, while the social media posts rather contain certain parts, for example, a greater focus on pathos and the preparatory of counter arguments while communicating to individuals rather than the public.

It is widely recognised that information and communication technologies development is a risky activity. Despite the advances in software engineering, many software development projects fail to satisfy the clients' needs, to deliver on time or to stay within budget. Among the various factors that are considered to cause failure, an inadequate requirements practice stands out. Model-driven development is a relatively recent paradigm with the potential to solve some of the dragging problems of software development. Models play a paramount role in model-driven development: several modelling layers allow defining views of the system under construction at different abstraction levels, and model transformations facilitate the transition from one layer to the other. However, how to effectively integrate requirements engineering within model-driven development is still an open research challenge. This thesis integrates Communication Analysis, a communication-oriented business process modelling and requirements engineering method for information systems development, and the OO Method, an object-oriented model-driven software development method provides automatic software generation from conceptual models. We first provide a detailed specification of Communication Analysis intended to facilitate the integration; among other improvements to the method, we build an ontology-based set of concept definitions in which to ground the method, we provide precise methodological guidelines, we create a metamodel for the modelling languages included in the method, and we provide tools to support the creation of Communication Analysis requirements models. Then we perform the integration by providing a technique to systematically derive OO-Method conceptual models from Communication Analysis requirements models. The derivation technique is offered in two flavours: a set of rules to be manually applied by a human analyst, and an ATL model transformation that automates this task. / España Cubillo, S. (2011). METHODOLOGICAL INTEGRATION OF COMMUNICATION ANALYSIS INTO A MODEL-DRIVEN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/14572 / Palancia

As a consequence of the Covid-19 global pandemic, many occupational groups have been forced to readjust to teleworking. This has resulted in meetings held through different digital platforms, such as smartphones and video-meetings, instead of seeing each other physically face-to-face. This study aims to investigate social workers' experience of performing social work from home based on the aspects of relationship and communication. Central questions that are covered is how collegial- and client relationships are affected when digital means of communication becomes the leading way to communicate. Previous research that is referred to in this study illustrates aspects such as how relationships are affected when communication is done through digital means, what social workers' work situation looks like and the importance of relationships at work for social workers. The theories that are used in this study is symbolic interactionism, communication theory and control-demand-support. The study is based on the qualitative research method semi-structured interviews, containing six participants. The results of this study shows that performing work from home has both positive and negative aspects. Teleworking social workers have a need for social interaction and support from colleagues. Also, physical encounters are perceived as important when it comes to the assessment of clients, but the more established the relationship is, the less of a need for physical encounters. Having client contact from home can generate a negative feeling that clients comes to close, while for others an emotional distance is created through the calming effect of the home environment. / På grund av omständigheterna med covid-19 har organiseringen av arbetet kommit till att ställas om till distansarbete för flera yrkesgrupper ute i samhället. Detta har bland annat inneburit möten via digitala medier, som till exempel mobiltelefon och videomöten istället för att mötas fysiskt. Denna studie undersöker socialsekreterares upplevelse av att utföra socialt arbete på distans utifrån aspekter relation och kommunikation. Centrala frågor som behandlas i är hur kollegiala relationer och klientrelationer påverkas när digitala kommunikationsmedel blir det ledande sättet att kommunicera på. Den tidigare forskning som hänvisas till i denna studie belyser aspekter av bland annat relationsskapande när kommunikationen sker digitalt, hur socialarbetares arbetssituation ser ut och vad vikten av relationer på arbetet innebär för socialarbetare. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna i denna studie är symbolisk interaktionism, kommunikationsteori och krav-kontroll-socialt stöd. Studien är baserad på en kvalitativ forskningsmetod där sex stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts. Socialsekreterare som arbetar på distans har ett behov av fysisk social samvaro och stöd från kollegor, att fysiska träffar upplevs som viktiga vid bedömningar av klienter, men ju mer etablerad relation desto mindre behov av fysiska träffar har man. Det visade sig även att utförandet av klientrelaterat socialt arbete hemifrån kunde ge en negativ känsla av att klienter kommer för nära, medan för andra skapades en emotionell distans genom hemmiljöns lugnande inverkan.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Digitala verktyg utgör en allt större del i förskolebarns vardag och inte minst syns detta i förskolan där de digitala verktygen används allt mer i den pedagogiska undervisningen. Inom ramen för denna studie har barn på en förskola i en medelstor stad i Sverige iakttagits genom kvalitativ observationsmetod. Samtliga barn som ingår i studien har flerspråkiga föräldrar och bor i ett mångkulturellt område. Observationerna har riktats främst mot den lek som förekommer vid användning av surfplattor och den lek som formas av samspelet mellan det digitala och barnen, samt mellan barnen i den digitala leken. Det kommunikationsteoretiska synsättet är studiens vetenskapliga utgångspunkt. Kommunikationsteorin, där leksignaler och lekram är viktiga beståndsdelar, används även i arbetet med att analysera resultatet och få svar på studien frågeställningar. Studien belyser hur de digitala verktygen påverkar barns lek och samspel med varandra. Den visar även på hur barn samspelar med de digitala verktygen. Ytterligare en dimension som denna studie belyser, är att den användarvänliga surfplattan gör att barn som talar olika språk får ett verktyg som överbryggar olikheter och att den osäkerhet som kan bli följd av sociala svårigheter eller språkförbristning utjämnas. I resultatet ses att digitala verktyg i förskolemiljö är ypperliga redskap för att öka barns samspel och lek, under förutsättning att det finns pedagoger som stödjer barnen och är närvarande lekkamrater. / Digital tools form an increasingly large part of preschool children's everyday life, and this is not least visible in preschool, where digital tools are used more and more in pedagogical teaching. Within the framework of this study, children at a preschool in a medium-sized city in Sweden have been observed through a qualitative observation method. All the children included in the study have multilingual parents and live in a multicultural area. The observations have been directed primarily at the play that occurs when using tablets and the play that is shaped by the interaction between the digital and the children, as well as between the children in the digital play. The communication theoretical approach is the study's scientific point of departure. The communication theory, where play signals and play framework are important components, is also used in the work of analysing the results and getting answers to the study's questions. The study highlights how digital tools affect children's play and interaction with each other. It also shows how children interact with the digital tools. Another dimension that this study highlights is that the user-friendly tablet means that children who speak different languages get a tool that bridges differences and that the uncertainty that can result from social difficulties or language deficiency is smoothed out. The results show that digital tools in a preschool environment are a excellent tools for increasing children's interaction and play, provided that there are educators who support the children and are present playmates.