Abstract The aim of this paper is to, through interviews, examine what opinions teachers connected to "Ung Företagsamhet" (Young Enterprise, UF) have on the work of UF compared to contractual and traditional learning. The reason for this is to find out if UF´s way of working is successful in a world, where the definition of knowledge constantly changes. Through qualitative interviews the views of four UF teachers are scrutinised. The results of the interviews indicate that UF works in a way, which contains both contractual and traditional learning, where both directions complement each other in different stages of the learning process. Key words: Contractual learning, pedagogical perspective, Young Enterprise, traditional learning / Sammanfattning Uppsatsens syfte är att, genom en intervjuundersökning, klarlägga vilken uppfattning lärare inom Ung Företagsamhet (UF) har om UF:s arbetssätt jämfört med traditionell respektive entreprenöriell undervisning. Detta för att se om UF:s arbetssätt är bra i en värld där kunskapskraven är i ständig förändring. Metoden som valts är att genom kvalitativa intervjuer undersöka hur fyra UF-lärare ser på arbetssättet inom UF. Resultatet visar att Ung Företagsamhet tillämpar ett arbetssätt med både entreprenöriella och traditionella undervisningsinslag, där båda utgör ett komplement till varandra i olika kunskapsstadier.

La Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse prévoit que la détermination des mesures de protection peut faire l'objet d'une décision du Tribunal de la jeunesse ou, alternativement, d'une entente sur mesures volontaires (emv) proposée par un intervenant de la Direction de la protection de la jeunesse et acceptée par le jeune et ses parents. La recherche porte sur le second mode d'application de la Loi. Elle établit la problématique de l'emv en théorie du droit et propose une observation sociologique de la pratique de l'emv dans les cas de troubles de comportements sérieux (art. 38h) L.P.J.). Une problématique scientifique de l'emv commande l'interdisciplinarité. Il s'agit de retracer les origines conceptuelles de cette alternative à la judiciarisation dans des disciplines externes, puis d'insérer cette connaissance en théorie du droit. Le concept d'emv relève de deux mouvements différents, celui de l'intervention contractuelle en travail social et celui de la gouvernance contractuelle en droit. Ce dernier comprend la transaction de droit public, le contrat administratif et le droit souple (soft law). Ces deux mouvements participent d'une même vague de fond théorique, qui déferle actuellement sur l'ensemble des sciences humaines, et qui inclut le contrat de l'analyse transactionnelle en psychologie ainsi que la pédagogie de contrat. Le concept de contrat pédagogique désigne cette mouvance scientifique. Il est inhérent à la modernité et il constitue une mutation paradigmatique par rapport à la division droit privé/droit public, d'où la nécessité, pour définir l'emv, d'un concept nouveau et indépendant par rapport à cette division: le concept d'autorité normative. La recherche sociologique relève de la méthode de l'entretien compréhensif formalisée par Jean-Claude Kaufmann. Elle a pour but d'observer l'effectivité de l'emv. Les entretiens auprès de mères et de jeunes garçons révèlent un vécu subjectif en partie conforme à la finalité instrumentale de l'emv (réactions d'ouverture et d'adhésion au droit), et en partie non conforme (réaction de méprise chez les mères et de peur chez les jeunes). De même, les entretiens réalisés auprès des intervenants révèlent une pensée motrice en partie conforme à la rationalité du droit souple (décision clinique et acceptation de l'autocontrôle requis) et en partie non conforme (attitude rétrospective semblable à celle d'un juge et refus de la finalité imposée par la Loi). Le tout illustre l'important potentiel d'efficacité de l'emv, en termes de protection concrète, mais montre aussi la grande difficulté de la tâche de l'intervenant et l'inadaptation de sa préparation cognitive. Certains d'entre eux refusent le nouveau mode d'action publique parce qu'ils n'en comprennent pas la rationalité. Dans l'approche des problèmes de l'adolescence, il en résulte souvent une prégnance des formes pénales et la survivance, dans l'imaginaire parental, d'une mesure de répression du mineur réfractaire à l'autorité parentale, comme c'était le cas dans l'Acte concernant les écoles d'industrie de 1869. / The Youth Protection Act states that protective measures may be imposed by a decision of the Youth Tribunal or, alternatively, determined through a voluntary measures agreement (vma) proposed by a youth protection case worker and accepted by the minor and his parents. The research bears on the second mode of law application. It draws up the framework of vma in legal theory and proposes a sociological observation of the practice of vma in cases of severe behavior problems (art. 38h) YP.A.). A scientific framework of vma requires interdisciplinarity. The conceptual origins of this alternative to adjudication must be found in external disciplines and then must be introduced in legal theory. The concept of vma cornes from two different scientific movements, the contractual approach in social work and the contractual governance in law. The latter inc1udes public law transaction, administrative contract and soft law. Both movements belong to a large theoretical wave, now invading the whole of human sciences, inc1uding among others transactional analysis in psychology and contract-based pedagogy. The concept of pedagogical contract identifies this large scientific movement. Although inherently modern, the movement represents a paradigm shift from the private law/public law distinction and requires the construction of the new concept of "normative authority", independent from that distinction, in order to define vma. The sociological research follows the principles of comprehensive interview such as formalized by Jean-Claude Kaufmann. Its goal is to study the effectivity of vma. Interviews with mothers and boys reveal a subjective life experience partially in line with the instrumental function of vma (reaction of open-mindedness and adherence to law), and partially not (reaction of misunderstanding amoung mothers and of fear amoung boys). In the same way, interviews with youth protection case workers reveal motives of action partially in line with the rationality of soft law (c1inical decision and acceptance of self-control), and partially not Gudge-like retrospective attitude and refusaI of the official purpose). Globally, the results show the important potential of effectiveness of vma in terms of concrete protection, but they also reveal the great difficulties of the decision-making job undertaken by the youth protection case workers and the inadequacy of their cognitive background. Sorne of them refuse the new administrative mode because they do not understand its rationality. Then, quite often, the treatment of teenager problems reveals the prevalence of a punitive rationality and the survival, in parental imagery, of the idea of a procedure whose purpose would be to repress a child's resistance to authority, as was the case with the Industrial Schools Act of 1869. / "Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur en droit (LL.D.)"

Magistro baigiamojo darbo tema - „Nuostoliai ir jų atlyginimas statybos sutartiniuose santykiuose“. Raktiniai žodžiai: nuostoliai, nuostolių atlyginimas, statybos rangos sutartiniai santykiai, statybos rangos sutartis, užsakovas, rangovas. Magistriniame darbe analizuojami statybos sutartiniai santykiai. Atsižvelgiant į tai, kad statybos ranga yra populiariausias statybos organizavimo būdas, darbe nagrinėjami santykiai, kylantys iš statybos rangos. Vartojimo ranga darbe nenagrinėjama. Statybos rangos sutartinių santykių pagrindas yra šalis siejanti sutartis. Nuostoliai sukeliami tada, kai viena iš šalių arba abi šalys neįvykdo arba netinkamai įvykdo sutartį. Pirmame skyriuje nagrinėjami bendrieji nuostolių klausimai tokie kaip, nuostolių sąvoka, rūšys, nuostolių atlyginimo sąlygos bei atleidimas nuo nuostolių atlyginimo statybos rangos sutartiniuose santykiuose. Antrame skyriuje nagrinėjami nuostolių ir jų atlyginimo ypatumai ikisutartiniuose statybos rangos santykiuose. Trečiame skyriuje analizuojami dažniausiai pasitaikantys statybos rangos sutarties pažeidimai, jų kilimo priežastys, nuostoliai, kurie kyla dėl sutarties pažeidimų, bei jų atlyginimas. Išanalizavus teisės aktus, teisės doktriną bei teismų praktiką, patvirtinami darbe nurodyti ginamieji teiginiai. Kadangi Lietuvoje nėra vieningos nuomonės, kokią atsakomybę taikyti ikisutartiniuose santykiuose, dėl to nuostoliai ne visada yra tinkamai atlyginami statybos rangos ikisutartiniuose santykiuose. Taip pat, autorė... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The subject of master work – „Damages and their compensation in construction contractual relations“ Keywords: damages, compensation for damages, construction contractual relations, construction contract, client, contractor. In this master work author analyses construction contractual relations. Consumer contract relations are not the object of analysis. The base of construction contractual relations is a construction contract. When one of contract parties or both parties breaches the contract that causes damages. In the first part author analyses general questions about damages. Damages concept, types of damages, conditions for damages compensation, releases from damages compensation in construction contractual relations. In the second part author analyses damages and their compensation in pre-contractual construction relations. The third part of the work is commited to analysis of the most common breach of construction contract, causes of breach of contract and also damages and their compensation in construction contractual relations. After accomplishing analysis of legal act, law doctrine and practice of Lithuanian Courts, author can prove defended statements. Since there is no consensus about what kind of liability should be in pre-contractual relations in Lithuania, damages in construction contractual relations are compensated wrongly. Also author confirmes that imperative duty to cooperate is one of the remedies to avoid damages or reduce existing damages to a minimum... [to full text]

近年來我國公部門為能創造小而全的政府，積極從事組織再造與行政革新。除原業務需執行外，又增加新業務，為能彌補暫時性工作高峰的人力不足，而使用人力資源彈性政策、大量私法契約人員與派遣人員等臨時人力，以期增加人事運用彈性與降低人事經費支出。我國政府為因應暫時性工作高峰所帶來的人力需求，在運用臨時勞力上已有一段時間，但因現階段法令、政策與相關規範未能符合公部門使用臨時勞動力之需求與人事運用之彈性，以致造成人數眾多之臨時勞動人力之勞動權益未能獲得妥適之對待之情形。 本研究係從人力資源彈性策略理論及公部門契約性人力運用產生與發展之影響談起，探究我國食品公衛機關之私法契約人力及派遣人力運用與管理之情形，再輔以深度訪談之個案分析，藉由實務的觀察與訪談，並以人力資源彈性策略（職能彈性、契約彈性、薪資彈性、績效管理）及相關管理措施（進用、遴選、角色、任務、定位、考核、權利與義務、相關勞動基準法規等）來作歸納分析並獲致結論，最後期能作為該機關未來有效之管理與應用。 本論文結論與建議:在管理面：一、因應突發事件，正式預算編制員額不足，有續採私法契約人力及派遣人力支應之所需；可請增補充人力。二、人力之管理分工不一，盡可能尋找單一窗口。三、目前對臨時人員職位或身分做過多的分類，建議尋找法規鬆綁於薪資、福利、訓練與出國之限制上盡量一致。四、在管理與激勵上，能理解員工個性，盡量平等與民主管理並激發其內在潛力、主動性和創造精神。五、仍要有不適任淘汰機制及避免久任的情況。在法治面：一、建議重新檢討如何打破臨時人員不能行使公權力的困難。二、減少或整合或重新檢討私法契約臨時人員及派遣人力之運用。三、陞遷與遷調制度與權益福利及生涯規劃保障，可向政府建議在未來檢討人事制度時可考量給予鬆綁或容許契約人力到達一定年資變成正式人員。在其他方面：精進職掌業務管理制度或風險管理，減少臨時重大突發事件。 / According to the original services cannot be abandoned as well as the new services were added and temporary manpower shortage during peak work that the Taiwan government is actively engaging in organizational reengineering and administrative reform as well as creating the small but complete government in recent years. The public sectors used the adopt manpower flexibility strategy such as using the contractual staffs and employing the dispatched laborers to increase personnel flexibility and reduce personnel salary. But bounding by the law, the government agencies cannot meet the needs of temporary labor and flexibility in using the personnel. Furthermore, it makes a large number of temporary labor’s right failed to get reasonable treatment. This study used the qualitative method on flexibility strategy of human resource and contractual manpower in Taiwan's agencies. The in-depth interview and observation was conducted to collect data, including flexibility strategy of human resource (functional flexibility, contract flexibility, wage flexibility and performance management) and management measurement(hiring, selection, roles, tasks, orientation, assessment, rights and obligations and the Labor Standards Law). Based on these data to summarize and make conclusion. The result could be as a reference for managing of government agencies. The results and suggestions as the following: First, the management phase: 1. It is necessary to continue to use the contractual staffs and dispatched laborers for temporary manpower shortage during the peak work.2. Management of the contractual manpower is responsible for the different units that could to find a single window. 3. The regulations of making payroll, benefits, training and limiting for aboard could be consensus to the normal staffs. 4. Their inherent potential, initiative and creativity should be stimulated through the management and motivation. 5. The evaluation of labor unfitting should be established and avoid the long time hiring. Secondly, for the legal phase: 1. It should be reviewed the issue of the temporary staff in public sector cannot conduct the government jobs.2. The interests of contractual workers should be protected. 3. Should review the promotion and career planning system to allow contractual labor to promote to formal staffs when getting the enough working experience. In other phase, the temporary incidents could reduce through the responsibilities planning and risk management.

With increasing awareness of gains and importance of the strategic use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), the implementation rate of ICTs in construction sector is increasing. However, these technologies have not been covered by legal and contractual practices. The industry needs to implement application frameworks and legal re-structuring of the existing related laws and regulations to use ICT in a legal and contractually valid environment. In this thesis, an EU funded project, eLEGAL / which defines a framework for legal conditions and contracts regarding the use of ICT in construction industry, is selected as a model project to address legal and contractual issues regarding ICT use in Turkish construction industry. Moreover, the applicability of this project&rsquo / s results are discussed by using real cases and defining the barriers, opportunities, methods and tools to use ICT legally admissible in Turkish construction industry.

O presente trabalho examina a teoria da quebra eficiente do contrato, oriunda do direito anglo-saxão, segundo a qual, sinteticamente, um contrato só será cumprido se os custos para adimplir a obrigação forem inferiores àqueles incorridos pelo descumprimento, admitindo-se, portanto, o inadimplemento voluntário dos contratos. O objetivo é, além de apresentar a teoria, verificar a possibilidade de aplicação da mesma no Brasil, com enfoque especial nos contratos empresariais. Para tanto, o trabalho é estruturado em introdução, quatro capítulos de desenvolvimento e encerra com a conclusão. Superada a introdução, que apresenta mais profundamente as razões que levaram à pesquisa sobre o tema, o capítulo 2 versa acerca dos paradigmas clássicos de responsabilidade contratual, com destaque às modalidades de extinção do contrato sem a consecução do seu objeto bem como às regras indenizatórias aplicáveis nestes casos, em que se busca cotejá-las com o entendimento jurisprudencial. A seguir, o capítulo 3 traz as premissas teóricas da Law and Economics focadas no Direito dos Contratos necessárias à compreensão, no capítulo seguinte, da teoria da quebra eficiente do contrato, que representa o tema central do presente estudo. Neste capítulo 4 será feita uma abordagem teórica e prática da teoria sob exame, apontando sua origem histórica, desenvolvimento e aceitação do paradigma, identificando os requisitos para sua aplicação, potenciais barreiras e também as críticas doutrinárias para, em seguida, delinear o que seria o cenário ideal para sua aplicação, bem como um tópico dedicado exclusivamente à sua abordagem prática e metodologia, indicando os elementos que devem ser sopesados antes de se tomar a decisão de romper um contrato. No capítulo 5, verifica-se quais requisitos são aceitos, as efetivas barreiras e como elas podem ser superadas para autorizar a sua incidência no Brasil, tanto os de caráter jurídico como os extralegais. Para o fechamento, o último capítulo apresenta as conclusões alcançadas através da pesquisa, indicando pontos relevantes sobre a teoria da quebra eficiente e respondendo ao principal questionamento cuja resposta era almejada, se é possível aplicar a teoria no Brasil, sob quais circunstâncias e em qual extensão. / The current paper examines the efficient breach theory of contracts, from the Anglo-Saxon law origin, according to which, briefly, a contract will only be performed if the costs for performance of the obligation are lower than those incurred for non-performance, admitting, therefore, intentional breach of contract. The goal is, in addition to presenting the theory, check the possibility of applying it in Brazil, focusing mostly on business contracts. Therefore, the work is structured into introduction, four chapters of development and ends with the conclusion. Surpassed the introduction, which explains more deeply the reasons that led to research on the topic, chapter 2 examines the classical paradigms of contractual liability, especially to terminate the contract without achieving its object as well as the applicable indemnity rules in these cases, seeking to compare them with the jurisprudential understanding. Following, chapter 3 provides the theoretical premises of Law and Economics focused on the Law of Contracts necessary to understand, in the next chapter, the efficient breach theory, which is the central theme of this study. In chapter 4 a theoretical and practical approach of the theory under examination will be addressed with its historical origin, development and acceptance of the paradigm, identifying the requirements for its application, potential barriers and also the criticism it has faced to, then, outline what would be the ideal scenario for its application as well as a topic dedicated exclusively to its practical approach and methodology, pointing the elements that should be weighed before deciding to breach a contract. In chapter 5, it is shown the which requirements are accepted, the actual barriers and how they can be surpassed to permit its incidence in Brazil, both legal and non-legal. For closure, the last chapter presents the conclusions reached through the research, indicating the relevant points on the theory of efficient breach and responding to the main question of which answer was longed for, whether it is possible to apply the theory in Brazil, under what circumstances and to what extent.

Submitted by Felipe Augusto Cury (cury.felipe@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-29T18:14:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Versão final - Felipe A Cury.pdf: 1130378 bytes, checksum: dffeab35063313c8e9dd12cbe41ba39a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2016-09-29T18:24:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Versão final - Felipe A Cury.pdf: 1130378 bytes, checksum: dffeab35063313c8e9dd12cbe41ba39a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-29T18:25:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Versão final - Felipe A Cury.pdf: 1130378 bytes, checksum: dffeab35063313c8e9dd12cbe41ba39a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-04 / The purpose of this research is to identify the contract groups established in São Paulo state in order to understand and analyze the reasons why such groups were established, through the analyzes of their conventions. The importance of such research it to contribute with the reflection regarding the subject, because of the inexistence of an empirical approach concerning the existing contract groups. Frequently, scholars sentences the legal discipline enclosed in Chapter XXI of the Brazilian Corporation Law as a 'dead letter', without bringing empirical data that supports such valoration. However, in an exploratory research, it is possible to identify the existence of fifteen (15) contract groups established in São Paulo state, which indicates that such discipline is not completely unused. So, one question is presented: why such contract groups exists, regardless of their apparent failure? As a result of the research should be highlighted: (i) as its form, conventions, mostly, although the Law 6,404 / 76, article 269 and items, dispose of its required elements, it appears that there is no effective implementation of some of these elements, provided they specify in general the name, purpose, the award of the administrative body and who will be the parent company and who is (are) to (s) controlled (s); (ii) as to their content, conventions seek to legitimize the subordination of interests, through the action of the administrative body, which leads the business of the group for the benefit of societies. This is accomplished without any possible conflict of interest, since the stock ownership of the parent company, subsidiaries and management body are concentrated in the hands of the same shareholders; (iii) the absence of subordination of the interests of societies shows that the right groups matter to its constitution to achieve the main objective, which is not always explained clearly by the conventions; (iv) the typical profile of the groups is the group of corporate type of limited liability companies, whose typical profile which control is exercised or 1 partner or two partners with similar interests, and also exercises (m) the management of both companies as a group. / O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar os grupos de direito constituídos no Estado de São Paulo, a fim de conhecer e analisar as razões pelas quais tais grupos foram constituídos, por meio da análise de suas respectivas convenções. A importância de tal estudo visa a contribuir para a reflexão acerca do tema, por conta da inexistência de uma abordagem empírica quanto aos grupos de direito existentes. Com frequência, a doutrina sentencia a disciplina jurídica contida no Capítulo XXI da Lei de Sociedades Anônimas como letra morta, sem trazer dados empíricos que corroborem esta valoração. No entanto, em pesquisa exploratória, pode-se constatar a existência de 15 grupos de direito constituídos no Estado de São Paulo, o que denota que referida disciplina não está em completo desuso. Logo, um questionamento apresenta-se: por que tais grupos de direito existem, não obstante seu aparente fracasso? Para se tentar responder esta pergunta, se pretendeu através da análise de dados, seja dos documentos societários, seja pela realização de entrevistas, buscar elementos que pudessem oferecer à doutrina novos elementos para reflexão. Como resultado da pesquisa merecem destaque: (i) quanto a sua forma, as convenções, em sua maioria, ainda que a Lei n.º 6.404/76, em seu artigo 269 e incisos, disponha de seus elementos obrigatórios, verifica-se que não há efetivo cumprimento de alguns desses elementos, bastando que se especifique no geral a denominação, o objetivo, a atribuição do órgão administrativo e quem será a sociedade controladora e quem será(ão) a(s) controlada(s); (ii) quanto ao seu conteúdo, as convenções buscam legitimar a subordinação de interesses, através da atuação do órgão de administração, o qual, conduz os negócios do grupo em benefício das sociedades convenentes. Isto é realizado sem que haja algum possível conflito de interesse, visto que a propriedade acionária entre sociedade controladora, controladas e órgão de administração estarem concentrados nas mãos dos mesmos sócios; (iii) a ausência da subordinação dos interesses das sociedades convenentes demonstra que nos grupos de direito importa para sua constituição alcançar o objetivo principal, o qual nem sempre é explicitado de forma clara pelas convenções; (iv) o perfil típico dos grupos de direito é o do grupo formado por sociedades de tipo societário da limitada, cujo perfil típico cujo controle é exercido ou por 1 sócio majoritário ou por 2 sócios com participações idênticas, e que também exerce(m) a administração tanto das sociedades convenentes quanto do grupo.

A une époque où il est de moins en moins évident pour l’État ou les collectivités territoriales de remplir leur mission d’intérêt général visant à assurer la fourniture ou le renouvellement des investissements publics, en raison de ressources budgétaires de plus en plus limitées, notre étude juridique consiste à proposer des alternatives à l’impôt en vue d’un financement privé des investissements publics. Et ce, dans le cadre d’une analyse précise de techniques contractuelles de financement privé des investissements publics issues du droit privé. Notre objectif étant que les décideurs publics puissent cerner au mieux pour l’ensemble de ces alternatives de droit privé à l’impôt, l’étendue de leur régime juridique au sens large. Mais encore, qu’ils puissent réellement apprécier les conséquences d’un tel mode de financement des investissements publics, y compris par le biais d’une analyse de leurs avantages et de leurs inconvénients notamment en comparaison avec l’impôt. / As it is becoming less and less easier for the Government or its regional authorities, due to more and more limited budgetary resources, to maintain their mission of general interest, that is to say providing and renewing public investments, our legal study proposes to provide alternatives to taxation so as to assure a private financing of public investments. In the context of an accurate analysis, taking its source from private Law, of contractual techniques of private financing of public investments. Helping public decision-makers to fully identify all the alternatives to taxation through private Law, extent of its legal regime in every sense, here is the purpose of our study. But also the possibility for them to fully understand consequences of this kind of financing of public investments, analyzing its advantages and disadvantages particularly in comparison to taxation.

O presente trabalho examina a teoria da quebra eficiente do contrato, oriunda do direito anglo-saxão, segundo a qual, sinteticamente, um contrato só será cumprido se os custos para adimplir a obrigação forem inferiores àqueles incorridos pelo descumprimento, admitindo-se, portanto, o inadimplemento voluntário dos contratos. O objetivo é, além de apresentar a teoria, verificar a possibilidade de aplicação da mesma no Brasil, com enfoque especial nos contratos empresariais. Para tanto, o trabalho é estruturado em introdução, quatro capítulos de desenvolvimento e encerra com a conclusão. Superada a introdução, que apresenta mais profundamente as razões que levaram à pesquisa sobre o tema, o capítulo 2 versa acerca dos paradigmas clássicos de responsabilidade contratual, com destaque às modalidades de extinção do contrato sem a consecução do seu objeto bem como às regras indenizatórias aplicáveis nestes casos, em que se busca cotejá-las com o entendimento jurisprudencial. A seguir, o capítulo 3 traz as premissas teóricas da Law and Economics focadas no Direito dos Contratos necessárias à compreensão, no capítulo seguinte, da teoria da quebra eficiente do contrato, que representa o tema central do presente estudo. Neste capítulo 4 será feita uma abordagem teórica e prática da teoria sob exame, apontando sua origem histórica, desenvolvimento e aceitação do paradigma, identificando os requisitos para sua aplicação, potenciais barreiras e também as críticas doutrinárias para, em seguida, delinear o que seria o cenário ideal para sua aplicação, bem como um tópico dedicado exclusivamente à sua abordagem prática e metodologia, indicando os elementos que devem ser sopesados antes de se tomar a decisão de romper um contrato. No capítulo 5, verifica-se quais requisitos são aceitos, as efetivas barreiras e como elas podem ser superadas para autorizar a sua incidência no Brasil, tanto os de caráter jurídico como os extralegais. Para o fechamento, o último capítulo apresenta as conclusões alcançadas através da pesquisa, indicando pontos relevantes sobre a teoria da quebra eficiente e respondendo ao principal questionamento cuja resposta era almejada, se é possível aplicar a teoria no Brasil, sob quais circunstâncias e em qual extensão. / The current paper examines the efficient breach theory of contracts, from the Anglo-Saxon law origin, according to which, briefly, a contract will only be performed if the costs for performance of the obligation are lower than those incurred for non-performance, admitting, therefore, intentional breach of contract. The goal is, in addition to presenting the theory, check the possibility of applying it in Brazil, focusing mostly on business contracts. Therefore, the work is structured into introduction, four chapters of development and ends with the conclusion. Surpassed the introduction, which explains more deeply the reasons that led to research on the topic, chapter 2 examines the classical paradigms of contractual liability, especially to terminate the contract without achieving its object as well as the applicable indemnity rules in these cases, seeking to compare them with the jurisprudential understanding. Following, chapter 3 provides the theoretical premises of Law and Economics focused on the Law of Contracts necessary to understand, in the next chapter, the efficient breach theory, which is the central theme of this study. In chapter 4 a theoretical and practical approach of the theory under examination will be addressed with its historical origin, development and acceptance of the paradigm, identifying the requirements for its application, potential barriers and also the criticism it has faced to, then, outline what would be the ideal scenario for its application as well as a topic dedicated exclusively to its practical approach and methodology, pointing the elements that should be weighed before deciding to breach a contract. In chapter 5, it is shown the which requirements are accepted, the actual barriers and how they can be surpassed to permit its incidence in Brazil, both legal and non-legal. For closure, the last chapter presents the conclusions reached through the research, indicating the relevant points on the theory of efficient breach and responding to the main question of which answer was longed for, whether it is possible to apply the theory in Brazil, under what circumstances and to what extent.

Breaking-off contract negotiations without justifiable grounds Abstract The thesis at hand deals with Sec. 1729 of the Civil Code which governs the liability for breaking-off contract negotiations without justifiable grounds. Its aim is to interpret the afore-said provision that forms an inherent part of the newly introduced regulation of pre-contractual liability. The thesis discusses both the conditions for establishing the liability for breaking-off contract negotiations and concurrently the legal consequences thereof. The difficulties in terms of interpretation, incidental to the introduction of this provision, are attempted to be solved by use of theological interpretative method and inspiration drawn from the comparative study of German and Austrian state of law. Finally, the thesis strives for analysing the case-law of the Czech Supreme Court related to the previous legislation and answering a question to which extent the conclusions previously arrived at by this court may be uphold following the recodification process. The thesis is divided into four main chapters. The first chapter emphasizes the importance and role of the principles of freedom of contract and good faith which are crucial for better understanding of culpa in contrahendo. It also elaborates, albeit in general terms, on the matter of...