This diploma thesis concerns the participation of women on exercise program Crossfit whereby they gain various physical skills, mainly muscles and strength, which are becoming their natural component. Such physical and social experience is embedded in one structured space -Crossfit Praha gym, as primary research field of this study. Gym is here perceived as dynamic space in which women are through their participation, physical performance and sometimes also through their appearance challenging the gender norms prevailing in society. Within the participant observation of this diploma thesis author strives to bring closer - by use of her own body as research instrument- everyday experience of these females in researched sport discipline and locality.

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Introduction: Crossfit is a modern sport that yearly expands worldwide. The goal of the sport is to develop performance and fitness so athletes can optimize their performance in many training categories. Furthermore, the sports WOD:s is complex, where many physiological challenges occur. The athlete is forced to push their limits of the movements, where there is a possibility for failure between the muscle fibers activation and synchronization. This can risk the sports security regarding injuries because of insufficient motor performance. A study from 2014 estimate the injury prevalence in crossfit to be 20%. Meanwhile a study from 2017 showed that the injury prevalence increased to 31,91%. Method: The objective of this study was to examine the crossfit athlete background, injury prevalence and injury categories between oktober 2016 - april 2017 in Sweden. A Brazilian survey was used in this study. The survey was modified and translated to Swedish before administered to certified crossfit facilities around the country. The method for this study used a descriptive cross-sectional design with a quantitative distribution of an online survey. Result: The common crossfit athlete is preferably 32 years or older, had a sedentary work and strict training routines with years of experience. Furthermore, 58 of 190 participants sustained a total of 87 injuries the past 6 month. This correlates to an injury prevalence of 30,5% for the crossfit athletes in Sweden. Furthermore, the most common injury categories were located on the neck/spine (21,84%), shoulder (18,39%), skeletal muscle (16,09%) and knee (16,09%). Therefore, the sport can cause different injuries throughout participation. Conclusion: Due to a high injury prevalence and a wide variation of injuries does the sport show a high injury risk, despite the athletes training experience. It takes more research to know the exact mechanisms for the injuries and how they can be prevented. / Introduktion: Crossfit är en nykommen sport somårligen växer världen över. Sporten syftar till att förbättra prestation och fitness i medvetenhet att optimera kompetens i alla fysiska kvalitéer. Dock finns det en komplexitet med att inkludera flera fysiska utmaningar i träningen. Utövaren tvingas utföra rörelserna med maximal insats för att inte misslycka samspelet mellan muskelfibrernas aktivering och synkronisering. Sådana misslyckanden kan äventyra säkerheten på grund av otillräcklig motorisk prestation. Studier från andra länder har uppmärksammat crossfitens skadeprevalens de senaste åren. Första studien från 2014 visar en prevalens på 20%, medan nyaste studien från 2017 visar en prevalens på 31,91%. Syfte: Denna studie har undersökt Sveriges crossfitutövares bakgrund, skadeprevalens och skadekategorier mellan oktober 2016 t.o.m. april 2017. Metod: Studien har använt en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie genom elektroniska enkäter. Enkäten har ursprung från en Brasiliansk studie som modifierades till svenska. Enkäten blev e-postad till Sveriges certifierade anläggningar i syfte att vidarebefordra enkäten till utövarna. Resultat: Studien bygger på 190 fullständiga enkätsvar som har generaliserats till Sveriges crossfitutövare. Resultatet visade att den generella crossfitutövaren ofta är över 32 år, har ett stillasittande yrke samt strikta träningsrutiner och många års träningserfarenheter, både inom och utanför crossfit. Skadeprevalensen visade att 30,5% av utövarna hade skadat sig de senaste 6 månaderna, då skadorna var lokaliserat på flera delar av kroppen. Vanligaste var nack-/rygg-(21,84%), axel-(18,39%), muskel-(16,09%) och knäskada (16,09%). Slutsats: Studien visade att Crossfitutgör en skaderisk trots erfaren träningsbakgrund. Men det krävs utförligare forskning för att kunna tyda de exakta mekanismerna för skadeuppkomsten. Det är viktigt att studier utförs för att förbättra sportens säkerhet eftersom anläggningar/organisationer ökar och forskning saknas.

El CrossFit es una actividad deportiva que ha cobrado relevancia en los últimos años. Consiste en una serie de movimientos funcionales de alta intensidad y puede ser practicada por personas de diferentes edades y condiciones físicas. Uno de los principales centros de entrenamiento en Lima es Altair CrossFit, empresa que ha sido tomada como caso de estudio del presente proyecto. A la fecha, Altair CrossFit tiene la necesidad de aumentar la cantidad de sus miembros registrados, debido a que su utilidad es del 0.39% y el uso de su capacidad instalada solo se encuentra en un 32.5%. Para lograr cumplir sus objetivos de crecimiento, y luego de haber explorado distintas alternativas de solución, se propone desarrollar un plan de referidos, una estrategia de marketing que ha comprobado su efectividad en múltiples experiencias. Para el caso de Altair CrossFit sería altamente beneficiosa debido a la calidad de los leads que le permitiría atraer, los bajos niveles de inversión que requiere y la simplicidad al momento de implementarse. De acuerdo con el planteamiento y proyecciones realizadas, a través de este plan, Altair CrossFit reclutaría a un grupo de embajadores con los que conseguiría la suscripción de 132 nuevas membresías. Esto le permitiría aumentar su utilidad a 2.5% en el primer año, y hasta 8.0% al cabo de cinco años, con lo cual dejaría de ser un negocio que se encuentra prácticamente en el punto de equilibrio y se convertiría en un negocio rentable. / CrossFit is a sports activity that has gained relevance in the last years. It consists of a high intensity functional movement series, and it can be practiced by people of different ages and physical conditions. One of the main training centers in Lima is Altair CrossFit, the company which is the case study of this project. As of now, Altair CrossFit needs to increase the number of its registered members, since its profit is 0.39% and the use of its installations is only 32.5% of its whole capacity. To help Altair CrossFit to achieve its growth objectives, and after exploring different solution alternatives, it is proposed to develop a referral plan, a marketing strategy with effectiveness proved in multiple experiences. In the case of Altair CrossFit, it would be highly beneficial due to leads quality, low levels of investment and the simplicity to be implemented. According to the projections of this plan, Altair CrossFit would recruit a group of representatives with whom they would obtain 132 new memberships. This will allow CrossFit to increase its profit to 2.5% in the first year, and up to 8.0% after five years. Therefore, it would cease to be a business that is practically at breakeven point and would become a profitable business. / Trabajo de investigación

Title: Use of Crossfit in condition training of junior ice hockey players Objectives: Main idea of this thesis was to prove, that Crossfit is usefull in ice hockey while pre-season. We aimed to proved crossfit improvment at generally condition presupposition, compare to other training method. Main area of condition were speed and power presupposition. Methods: In our thesis we used a method of analysis and a method of comparison. We apllied the method of analysis in pre-season of ice hockey and the method of comparison in comparing the two different types of training method. We used Crossfit as training method, which was applied on junior hockey. Strength training based on Crossfit exercise is going to be compared with running training, This running training program is use for training of junior hockey players. In the period under consideration of the performance stage we assess the change of power and speed performances of the ice hockey players. To assassmnet we used battery of test which is identify for Czech junior hockey league. We applied this test on junior players at age 17-20, which are playing 2. Czech league. Results: This thesis proved that Crossfit can be used in pre-season training oj junior hockey. At the same time proved that explosive power assumption on players which used Crossfit...

Over the last 15 years there has been a dynamic shift within the fitness industry, particularly for women. For decades, women were expected to participate in aerobic-based workouts and maintain a thin figure. This thin ideal has been harmful to women and contributed to low levels of self-esteem. CrossFit diverges from aerobics by encouraging strength training and teaching women that workouts can be functional, and beauty does not only lie in one’s aesthetics. The emergence and growth of CrossFit is shifting fitness-related gender norms and expectations, and possibly contributing to higher levels of self-esteem in women. This shift has become more apparent and visible though the growth of social networking sites like Instagram. Since Instagram is a photo- and video-based platform, there are significant opportunities for social comparison. Therefore, researchers should attempt to better understand how women in CrossFit engage with Instagram, and more specifically, how social comparison mediates self-esteem. This research gained insight into CrossFit—a fitness program dominating worldwide and challenging harmful social norms for women within the fitness industry—by examining how women CrossFitters engage in social comparison on Instagram. This research fills a much-needed gap because there is a lack of research on women CrossFitters, Instagram, and social comparison. The researcher administered a survey consisting of seven scales and 72 questions throughout the greater Sacramento area measuring social comparison habits, self-esteem, superiority, and Instagram use among women CrossFitters. The researcher used correlation analysis to answer the proposed hypotheses. Although the collected data did not fully support all hypotheses, the research produced significant results and implications that contribute to a better understanding of the current state of the fitness industry, Women CrossFitters’ use of Instagram, and social comparison.

Master's thesis is devoted to the study and analysis of existing training CrossFit systems. Based on the study we suppose some technique of the power qualities development with the use of CrossFit system in some physical culture classes. / Магистерская диссертация посвящена изучению и анализу имеющихся тренировочных систем кроссфит. На основе проведенного исследования предложена методика развития силовых качеств с использованием системы кроссфит на занятиях физической культуры.

The Balanced Scorecard for the CrossFit Affiliate will provide unprepared or inexperienced managers with the necessary information to make informed operational decisions. The Balanced Scorecard incorporates financial data, customer satisfaction, internal operations, and future growth to create a series of cause-and-effect relationships that illustrate how decisions in one aspect of a business affect others. The Balanced Scorecard particularly benefits inexperienced managers leading small businesses. As overall small business growth increased, the boutique fitness industry expanded. The CrossFit brand rose in conjunction, but because corporate leaders insist on a hands-off licensing model, affiliate owners do not receive assistance from CrossFit corporate headquarters. In addition, the high frequency of affiliate owners without business education or management experience contributes to the likelihood of failure. Until CrossFit corporate actively guides its licensees, owners need a tool to promote business success. The Balanced Scorecard for the CrossFit Affiliate, comprised of data from one successful and four unsuccessful affiliates, will assist affiliate managers. Profitability, market share, retention, and the introduction of new services are the main drivers of the Balanced Scorecard and augment the analysis of relationships between the financial, customer, internal, and growth perspectives.

Introduction: Crossfit® is characterized by increased high-intensity exercise, varied and functional movement, such as Olympic lifting, weight and gymnastics movements combined in high-intensity workouts. The training complexity and the large number of individuals linked to Crossfit® increases the need for studies to evaluate the effect of this training modality on the musculoskeletal and metabolic system. Aims: to analyze the effect of a Crossfit® session on the cardiac parameters, strength, power and body temperature. Methods: Ten subjects, all males with at least 12 months' experience in Crossfit® and aged between 18 and 35 years (29 ± 6.32 years) participated in the study. The test consisted of a single Crossfit® session, composed of the following WOD: 7 rounds of 20 american swing reps, 15 wall ball and 50 double unders, and the control session consisted of a traditional bodybuilding session consisting of four sets of 10 repetitions of Leg press and four sets of 10 repetitions of bench press with rest of two minutes, being the interventions separated by 72 hours. Results: The results showed significant differences in SBP immediately after the intervention (p = 0.002) and 40 minutes later (p = 0.021) of the experimental group in relation to the control, in the diastolic BP (p = 0.042) and in the mean BP in 40 minutes post (p = 0.004) in comparison to the control and significant differences (p <0.05) in the jump-on-motion (CMJ) tests (49.03 ± 3.13 vs. 45.27 ± 4.20), and power in MMSS (762.50 ± 171.54 vs. 696.40 ± 162.89) and arm thermal asymmetry (0.27 ± 0.21 vs.0.55 ± 0.34). Conclusion: From the first session of Crossfit® it is possible to conclude that the dose-response curve of the exercise in normotensive individuals declines, as well as the affection of physical changes, which if they are repetitive can generate local overloads. / Introdução: O Crossfit® se caracteriza por exercício de alta intensidade, movimento variado e funcional, como levantamento olímpico, de peso e movimentos de ginástica, realizados de forma combinada. A complexidade de treinamento e o grande número de indivíduos ligados ao Crossfit®, aumenta a necessidade de estudos para avaliar o efeito dessa modalidade de treinamento no sistema músculo esquelético e metabólico. Objetivo: analisar o efeito de uma sessão de Crossfit® nos parâmetros cardivasculares, força, potência e temperatura corporal. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 10 sujeitos, todos do sexo masculino com experiência de pelo menos 12 meses na modalidade Crossfit® e com idade entre 18 e 35 anos (29 ± 6,32 anos). O teste consistiu em uma única sessão Crossfit®, composta pelo seguinte WOD: 7 roundes de 20 repetições de american swing, 15 de wall ball e 50 double unders , já a sessão controle foi composta por uma sessão de musculação tradicional composta por quatro séries de 10 repetições de Leg press e quatro séries de 10 repetições de supino com descanso de dois minutos, sendo as intervenções separadas por 72 horas. Resultados: Os resultados encontrados mostraram diferenças significativas na PA sistólica logo após a intervenção (p = 0,002) e 40 minutos depois (p = 0,021) do grupo experimental em relação ao controle, na PA diastólica (p = 0,042) e na PA média em 40 minutos pós treino (p = 0,004) em comparação com o controle e diferenças significativas (p<0,05) nos testes de salto em contra movimento (CMJ) (49,03±3,13 vs. 45,27±4,20), e potência em MMSS (762,50±171,54 vs. 696,40±162,89) e assimetria térmica de braço (0,27±0,21 vs.0,55±0,34). Conclusão: A partir da primeira sessão de Crossfit® é possível concluir que a curva dose-resposta do exercício em indivíduos normotensos sofre um declínio, como também há o acometimento de alterações físicas, as quais se forem repetitivas podem vir a gerar sobrecargas locais. / São Cristóvão, SE