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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

MEDIA LITERACY EDUCATION TO PROMOTE CULTURAL COMPETENCE AND ADAPTATION AMONG DIVERSE STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY OF NORTH KOREAN REFUGEES IN SOUTH KOREA

Yoon, Jiwon January 2010 (has links)
This dissertation examines how media literacy education can be implemented and practiced for North Korean refugees to enhance their cultural competency. It is conducted as a form of participatory action research, which pursues knowledge and progressive social change. As a participant researcher, I taught media literacy to North Korean refugees in five different institutions during the summer of 2008 for a period of three months. This dissertation reviews my strategies for gaining permission and access to these educational institutions to teach media literacy education. Since media literacy classes cannot be separated from current events nor from the media environments of the given period, the dissertation also presents the significant role that the issues of importing U.S. beef and the candlelight demonstration played in the design of media literacy lessons during the summer of 2008 and in the process illustrates the value of teachable moments. It is hoped that other media educators will see how I made a connection between current affairs and media literacy lessons. Since this dissertation aimed to address how media literacy education can be effectively used to enhance North Korean refugees' cultural competence, I as researcher adopted an emergent curriculum approach which incorporates what emerges in the classroom into the learning. Based on predetermined educational goals, on what emerged in the classroom, on students' reactions, and on my own reflections, I continuously modified lesson plans throughout the summer. While I tried various pedagogies and covered several themes in the class, I selectively presented six different lesson models in this dissertation. The first lesson model includes drawing and talking about the mapping of students' media experiences. I started the initial class at each institution with this media mapping. As students drew and shared their media maps, they were able to reflect upon their own media usage. I also was able to gain better knowledge and insight about their media experiences. This exercise also allowed me to set the tone of the class as a comfortable venue in which students could honestly share their stories; as a result, the students were able to gain confidence in sharing their thoughts and experiences. The second lesson model used the film Crossing, the fictional film about North Korean refugees. Using this film in the lesson created an atmosphere in which students could talk freely about issues of North Korea and North Korean refugees. While the issues of North Korea refugees and North Korea are very sensitive topics for discussion between native South Koreans and North Korean refugees, the act of discussing this film naturally led students to share their stories about being North Korean refugees. The groups' deconstruction of this film also provided an opportunity to learn how media stories are purposely crafted and represent only a certain part of reality. The third model incorporated in-class reviews of different media sources related to the film Crossing -such as articles in women's magazines, film magazines and newsmagazines, blogs, internet fan cafes, official sites of the film, and the star ratings at the portal site. Critically analyzing these media sources informed students of the various purposes of the media and offered the possibility of participation in the public discourse. Because North Korean refugees are not familiar with the various possible uses of the media, they found it helpful to see effective ways to utilize the media to accomplish various goals. In addition, this activity was a valuable way by which to teach the concept of target audience, helping the students to see how different target audiences influence the emphasis, format, and style of media content. The fourth lesson model incorporated comparisons of different news sources about the candlelight demonstration. This helped students to understand the variety of views and tones of different news sources that are influenced by their own history and political affiliations. By closely examining what factors impacted the creation of the news stories and their influence on the public, students started to acknowledge the importance of critically examining media messages and locating a reliable news source that they could trust. The fifth lesson model was the stereotyping activity. Students reflected upon their own stereotypes that they had toward others and how the prevalent images of certain groups of people are influenced by the media. This lesson encouraged students to think about the importance of conveying a balance of varied images of different groups of people so that these people could not be misunderstood and stereotyped by others. The six lesson model involved watching and discussing documentaries about North Korean refugees in order to help students to better learn how the same group of people can be differently represented based on the purpose of the film and the knowledge and perspective of the producers. As two of the four documentaries discussed were created by teenage North Korean refugees, students also were inspired and learned how direct participation in producing the stories which they felt were important could make a difference. Ultimately, students who earlier had considered themselves as inadequate and incapable started to see that they themselves are valuable and that their voices are important, and therefore they can have a meaningful impact on others and on society. / Mass Media and Communication
102

Development and Preliminary Validation of the Youth Therapist Observational Cultural Competence Scale

Tully, Carrie 01 January 2014 (has links)
The increasing diversity of the United States creates a pressing public health need to investigate methods to increase the engagement, retention, and efficacy of mental health services for racial/ethnic minority (REM) youth. Evidence from the adult psychotherapy treatment literature suggests that enhancing therapist cultural competence leads to increases in client satisfaction, alliance, and retention (Constantine, 2002; Sodowsky, Kuo-Jackson, Richardson, & Corey, 1998; Worthington, Soth-McNett, & Moreno, 2007). However, this relationship has not been adequately explored in youth mental health services, due in part, to a lack of valid and reliable measurement. This research project included measure development and initial validation of the Youth Therapist Observational Cultural Competence Scale (YTOCCS) with the aim of creating an observer-rated measure of youth therapist cultural competence. The measure was developed from a review of the theoretical and empirical literature and integrated the surveyed opinions of practicing child therapists, caregivers of REM children involved in the mental health system, and experts in therapist cultural competence. The study used an extreme group design based on child-therapist alliance selecting 32 recordings of 8 unique child-therapist dyads. Three coders were trained using a standardized manual and independently double coded early treatment sessions from an effectiveness trial for individual child cognitive-behavioral therapy conducted in community clinics. The measure demonstrated good reliability as measured by intraclass correlation coefficient, adequate internal consistency, and evidence supported initial validity through demonstrated significant between-group differences. Future studies are warranted to refine the measure and to explore the factor structure of the measure.
103

Adaptação Transcultural para o Português e Validação do Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire (MUEQ) para trabalhadores de escritório usuários de computador / Cross-Cultural Adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese and Validation of the Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire (MUEQ) for computer office workers

Turci, Aline Mendonça 07 February 2014 (has links)
As principais desordens dos membros superiores e cervical (CANS - Complaints of arms, neck and shoulders) podem ser definidas como queixas musculoesqueléticas nas regiões de membro superior, ombro e pescoço não atribuídas a trauma agudo ou a desordens sistêmicas. Essas desordens são comuns entre trabalhadores usuários de computador. O Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire (MUEQ) é uma das poucas ferramentas existentes na literatura para avaliação de risco ergonômico e psicossocial em trabalhadores, além da vantagem de ser específico para usuários de computador, porém não está validado no português-brasileiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a adaptação transcultural para o português-brasileiro e validação do MUEQ em trabalhadores de escritório usuários de computador e verificar a prevalência das CANS na amostra recrutada. A tradução e adaptação transcultural seguiram as diretrizes do Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement Instruments nos estágios: tradução, síntese, retrotradução, revisão pelo comitê de especialistas e pré-teste. Na etapa do teste da versão pré-final, foram aplicados 55 questionários em trabalhadores usuários de computador, que relataram dificuldades de compreensão abaixo do valor estipulado de 20%, não sendo necessária a reformulação da ferramenta. Para testar a confiabilidade, outros 50 sujeitos preencheram o questionário, em dois momentos, com nível de reprodutibilidade considerado excelente (ICC>0,75). A amostra para a análise da consistência interna e análise fatorial do questionário contou com 386 trabalhadores usuários de computador de mesa entre 18 e 60 anos. Para a consistência interna foram observados valores de de Cronbach maiores que 0,7 para todos os domínios. Na análise fatorial os domínios/subdomínios apresentaram valores de eigenvalue superiores a 1 e os valores de variância explicada acumulada dos fatores de cada domínio variou entre 40% e 60%. A prevalência das CANS nos últimos três meses por pelo menos uma semana foi de 73,32% (IC=0,69-0,77) na amostra total (n=283) e 82% (IC=0,76-0,87) das mulheres e 62% (IC=0,55-0,69) dos homens relataram alguma das CANS. Os domínios foram mantidos iguais à versão original do MUEQ. A queixa musculoesquelética mais observada foi a dor no pescoço (51%). A partir deste trabalho disponibilizou-se um instrumento abrangente e confiável para a avaliação ergonômica e psicossocial relacionado às queixas em cervical e membro superior em trabalhadores usuários de computador brasileiros e foi observada alta prevalência de CANS na população observada. / Complaints of the Arm, Neck and Shoulder (CANS) have a multifactorial etiology, and, therefore, its assessment should take into consideration work-related ergonomic and psychosocial aspects. The Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire (MUEQ) is among the few specific tools available to evaluate the nature and occurrence of CANS in computer office workers. The purpose of the present study was to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the MUEQ to Brazilian Portuguese and verify the psychometric properties of the MUEQ-Br in Brazilian computer office workers and to assess the prevalence of CANS in a sample of Brazilian computer office workers. The translation and cultural adaptation followed the guidelines of the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement Instruments in six stages: translation, synthesis, back translation, review by the expert committee, pre-test and submission of documents to the committee. In the test of pre-final version, 55 questionnaires were administered to computer workers who reported difficulties in understanding below the stipulated 20%, without the need for redesign of the tool. The pre-final version test counted on the participation of 55 computer office workers. For reproducibility, it was considered a sample of 50 workers who answered the questionnaire twice with a one-week interval. A sample comprised by 386 (37.44 years, Confidence Interval (CI) 95%:36.50-38.38, 216 women and 170 men) workers from the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto campus to validate the structure of the questionnaire, verify internal consistency and CANS prevalence. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used for the statistical analysis of reproducibility, Cronbachs Alpha for Internal Consistency, and the Principal Component Analysis method for Exploratory Factor Analysis. The psychometric properties of the MUEQ were assessed using exploratory factor analysis, which revealed 14 factors. The calculation of internal consistency, reproducibility and cross validation provided evidence of reliability and lack of redundancy. It was verified ICC values greater than 0.75 and cronbachs alpha greater than 0.7. Factor analysis was conducted for every section of the questionnaire and 14 factors were found, two for each section accounting for approximately 40 to 60% of the variance. The prevalence rate of CANS indicated that 73% (IC=0,69-0,77) of the respondents reported at least one complaint in the arm, neck and/or shoulder in the total sample (n=283), 82% (IC=0,76-0,87) of the women and 62% IC=0,55-0,69) of the men. The highest prevalence rates were found for neck symptoms (51%). The MUEQ-Br demonstrated to be a valid tool for the assessment of risk factors related to pain in the upper extremity among Brazilian computer office workers.
104

Competência social, dificuldades interpessoais e consumo de drogas em adolescentes escolares de Monterrey, N.L. México / Social Competence, Interpersonal Difficulties and Drugs Consumption among Adolescent Students in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.

López García, Karla Selene 05 September 2007 (has links)
Estudo descritivo, correlacional, cujos objetivos foram realizar a adaptação transcultural para México dos instrumentos Teenagee Inventory of Social Skills (TISS) e o Cuestionario de Evaluación de Dificultades Interpersonales en la Adolescencia (CEDIA) e identificar as características pessoais, familiares e sociais (competência social e dificuldades interpessoais) que podem influenciar o consumo de drogas em adolescentes escolares de Monterrey, N. L. México. Seguiram-se as etapas metodológicas para a adaptação transcultural: 1) Tradução, 2) Retrotradução, 3) Revisão por um comitê de especialistas 4) Aplicação de uma prova piloto e analise das propriedades psicométricas de validação e confiabilidade dos instrumentos TISS e CEDIA, numa amostra de 1.221 estudantes de ensino fundamental. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que o instrumento TISS é uma ferramenta confiável na avaliação da competência social, obtendo-se valores de consistência interna aceitáveis ao aplicar-se em adolescentes escolares mexicanos. As Inter-correlações entre as subescalas de conduta pró-social e anti-social demonstraram ser negativas e estatisticamente significativas, o que confirma a existência de domínios de condutas diferentes, além de verificar a existência de dois fatores através da análise fatorial aplicada ao instrumento TISS. Em relação ao Questionário CEDIA, encontraram-se adequadas propriedades psicométricas, elevada confiabilidade e valores aceitáveis do coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach para a escala total e cada uma das subescalas de dificuldades interpessoais (assertividade, relações heterossexuais, falar em público, relações familiares e relações com amigos), indicaram-se coeficientes de correlação positivos e significativos entre as subescalas; e se afirmou a natureza multidimensional do questionário CEDIA. Por outro lado, apresentaram-se diferenças significativas da conduta pró-social e antisocial segundo sexo, idade e escolaridade. Além de encontrar diferenças das dificuldades interpessoais segundo sexo e idade nos adolescentes. Em relação ao consumo de drogas legais alguma vez em sua vida, mais do 40,0% consumiu bebidas alcoólicas, 36,2% consumiu tabaco. Sobre às drogas ilegais, assinalou-se que 2,4% usaram inalantes, 2,0% experimentaram maconha e 0,8% consumiram cocaína alguma vez em sua vida. Não se encontraram diferenças de consumo de drogas por sexo. No entanto encontraram-se diferenças de consumo de tabaco nos adolescentes escolares por idade, escolaridade e ocupação e ou viver ou não com o pai. Identificou-se que mais do 80,0% apresentava muito baixa dependência de consumo de tabaco através do questionário FAGESTROM. Em relação ao consumo de álcool, os homens mostram mais alta proporção de consumo atual, destacando-se diferenças de consumo por idade e escolaridade. O instrumento AUDIT mostrou que mais do 30,0% apresentava consumo de álcool em risco, 14,8% dos participantes apresentaram sintomas de dependência e 29,7% manifestavam danos relacionados ao consumo de álcool. Em relação ao consumo de drogas ilegais não se apresentaram diferenças nas variáveis do estudo. Observou-se que quanto a maior conduta pró-social menor é o consumo de drogas nos adolescentes. Encontrou-se relação da conduta anti-social com o consumo de álcool e drogas ilícitas. As dificuldades interpessoais não apresentaram relação com o consumo de drogas. As variáveis que têm a probabilidade de predizer o consumo de tabaco, são idade, sexo, conduta anti-social, dificuldades interpessoais para falar em público e relações heterossexuais. Referente ao consumo de álcool, as variáveis que predizem o consumo são idade, sexo, escolaridade, conduta anti-social, dificuldades interpessoais na assertividade, relações heterossexuais, relações familiares e relações com amigos. Mostrou-se que a conduta anti-social é a única variável que tem a probabilidade de predizer o consumo de drogas ilícitas nos adolescentes escolares. / This descriptive, correlational study aimed to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of the instruments Teenage Inventory of Social Skills (TISS) and the Questionnaire of Interpersonal Difficulties in Adolescence (QIDA), besides identifying the personal, family and social characteristics (social competence and interpersonal difficulties) that can influence drugs consumption among adolescents of school age in Monterrey, N. L. Mexico. The methodological steps were followed for the cross-cultural adaptation: 1) Translation, 2) Retro-translation, 3) Revision for a committee of specialists and finally the application of a pilot proof of the TISS and QIDA instruments, in a sample of 1221 secondary-school students. The results show that the TISS instrument is a reliable tool to assess social competence. Acceptable internal consistency values were obtained when applied to Mexican adolescent students. The intercorrelations between the prosocial and antisocial conduct subscales showed to be negative and statistically significant, which confirms the existence of different conduct domains, besides verifying the existence of two factors through the factorial analysis applied to the TISS instrument. As to the QIDA Questionnaire, adequate psychometric properties were found, as well as high reliability and acceptable values of Cronbach\'s Alpha for the total scale and for each of the interpersonal difficulty subscales (assertiveness, heterosexual relations, talking in public, family relationships and relationships with friends), with positive correlation coefficients between the subscales; and the multidimensional nature of the QIDA questionnaire was affirmed. On the other hand, significant differences in prosocial and antisocial conduct appeared according to gender, age, and education level. Moreover, differences in interpersonal difficulties were found depending on the adolescents\' gender and age. With respect to drugs consumption at some time in their life, more than 40% had consumed alcoholic beverages and 36.2% tobacco. What illegal drugs are concerned, 2.4% had used inhalants, 2.0% had experimented marihuana and 0.8% had consumed cocaine at some time in their life. No differences in drugs consumption were found according to gender. However, differences in tobacco consumption were found among the adolescent students depending on age, education level, occupation and living with the father or not. It was also identified that more than 80.0% presented very low dependence on tobacco consumption through the FAGESTROM questionnaire. As to alcohol consumption, men reported the highest level of current consumption, highlighting consumption differences according to age and education level. The AUDIT instrument showed that more than 30.0% presented hazardous alcohol consumption, 14.8% of participants displayed symptoms of addiction and 29.7% manifested damage related to alcohol consumption. What the consumption of illegal drugs is concerned, no differences were found in the study variables. It was observed that a higher level of prosocial conduct corresponded to a lower level of alcohol consumption among the adolescents. A relation was found between antisocial conduct and the consumption of alcohol and illegal drugs. Interpersonal difficulties did not reveal a relation with drugs consumption. It should be appointed that the variables with probability of predicting tobacco consumption were age, gender, antisocial conduct, interpersonal difficulties to talk in public and heterosexual relations. As to alcohol consumption, predicting variables were age, gender, education level, antisocial conduct, interpersonal difficulties related to assertiveness, heterosexual relations, family relationships and relationships with friends. It was shown that antisocial conduct was the only variable with probability to predict illegal drugs consumption in the adolescent students.
105

Addenbrooke\'s Cognitive Examination - Revised (ACE-R): adaptação transcultural, dados normativos de idosos cognitivamente saudáveis e de aplicabilidade como instrumento de avaliação cognitiva breve para pacientes com doença de Al / Addenbrookes Cognitive ExaminationRevised (ACE-R): cross-cultural adaptation, normative data for cognitively preserved elderly and its applicability as a brief cognitive evaluation tool for mild probable Alzheimers disease patients

Carvalho, Viviane Amaral 17 September 2009 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) avalia cinco domínios cognitivos em conjunto e também oferece notas parciais para cada um deles, a saber: Atenção e Orientação, Memória, Fluência, Linguagem e Habilidades VisuaisEspaciais. Essa bateria tem se mostrado útil na diferenciação entre a doença de Alzheimer (DA) e a demência frontotemporal (DFT) em outros países. O instrumento foi submetido à adaptação para o português e sua versão brasileira foi previamente publicada pelos autores. OBJETIVO: Investigar o desempenho de indivíduos idosos cognitivamente saudáveis e de outros com DA provável leve na versão brasileira da ACE-R. MÉTODOS: O teste foi administrado a um grupo de 31 pacientes com DA provável leve e a 114 idosos cognitivamente saudáveis. Destes, 62 foram equiparados aos pacientes por idade e escolaridade. Todos os participantes incluídos tinham idade 60 anos e 4 anos de escolaridade. Não apresentavam sintomatologia depressiva associada, definida como pontuação > 7 na Escala Cornell para Depressão em Demência. O comprometimento cognitivo dos pacientes foi evidenciado por pontuação < 123 na Escala Mattis de Avaliação de Demência (DRS). Os controles apresentaram escore total na DRS 123. Dados normativos foram extraídos da amostra total de indivíduos sadios. Foi analisada a correlação entre a ACE-R e o Teste de Memória de Figuras (BCB-Edu), os de Fluência Verbal (Frutas e F.A.S.) e a Bateria de Avaliação Frontal. Os grupos/variáveis foram analisados pelos testes Qui-quadrado, Teste t de Student e Teste de Mann-Whitney. Analisou-se a influência da idade/escolaridade pelo ANOVA e Bonferroni (dados com distribuição normal) e pelo Teste de Kruskal- Wallis e Método Diferença Mínima Significativa (dados sem distribuição normal). Os índices de correlação de Pearson e Spearman foram utilizados para aferir a relação entre o desempenho na ACE-R e nos demais testes cognitivos. A acurácia da bateria foi investigada pela análise das áreas das curvas ROC. RESULTADOS: As médias (DP) de idade e escolaridade dos 62 controles foram de 77,82 (6,58) e 10,05 (4,98), e dos pacientes, 78,03 (6,74) e 9,97 (5,19), respectivamente. A amostra sadia foi subdividida em três faixas etárias (60-69, 70-79 e 80) e em três grupos de escolaridade (4-7, 8-11 e 12). As subescalas da ACE-R se correlacionaram significativamente com os demais testes. Os escores gerais da bateria e da DRS mostraram forte correlação A escolaridade influenciou em todos os escores da ACER. Já a idade interferiu nas subescalas Memória, Fluência e na pontuação total. A nota de corte < 78 na ACE-R demonstrou sensibilidade de 100% e especificidade de 82,26% para o diagnóstico de DA leve (ASC = 0,947). A nota de corte para DA determinada pela razão VLOM foi de > 3,22 (ASC = 0,836; sens. 67,74%; espec. 96,77% e VPP 91,73%). CONCLUSÕES: A versão brasileira da ACE-R provou ser um instrumento de boa acurácia e de propriedades diagnósticas satisfatórias para a avaliação cognitiva em nosso meio, tendo sido capaz de discriminar pacientes com DA leve de indivíduos controles, além de avaliar com eficiência vários domínios cognitivos comumente afetados em estágios iniciais da doença. Os dados normativos apresentados representam parâmetros úteis de normalidade em idosos brasileiros. / INTRODUCTION: The Addenbrooke\'s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) allows evaluation of five cognitive domains, namely: Attention and Orientation, Memory, Fluency, Language and Visuospatial. It is particularly useful in differentiating Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) from frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The instrument was adapted to the Brazilian population and this version has already been published by the authors. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the performance of healthy individuals and patients with mild probable AD in the ACE-R Brazilian version. METHODS: The test was administered to 31 AD patients and to 114 cognitively preserved elderly. Sixty two subjects of this healthy group were adequately matched to the patients for age and education. The participants included were aged 60 years, had 4 years of schooling and did not show depressive symptoms, defined by a score > 7 in the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia. Cognitive impairment was defined by a score < 123 in the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), while control scores were 123 in the DRS. Normative data were extracted from the whole sample of healthy subjects. We correlated scores in the ACE-R with those in Memory tests from the BCB-Edu, with Verbal Fluency Tests (Fruits and F.A.S.) and with the Frontal Assessment Battery. Data were analyzed with Chi-square test, Students t test and Mann-Whitney test. The influence of age/educational level in ACE-R scores was investigated by ANOVA and Bonferroni Multiple test (normal distribution data) as well as by Kruskal-Wallis test and the Minimum Significant Difference test (non-normal distribution data). Pearsons and Spearmans correlation indexes were used to assess the relationship between performance in the ACE-R and other cognitive tests. The accuracy of the battery was investigated by ROC curve analysis. RESULTS: Mean (SD) age / schooling found in the groups were 77.82 (6.58) / 10.05 (4.98) for the 62 controls and 78.03 (6.74) / 9.97 (5.19) for the patients, respectively. The healthy sample of 114 subjects was divided into three age groups (60-69, 70-79 and 80 years) and into three groups according to education (4-7, 8-11 and 12 years). The performance in the ACE-R subscales significantly correlated with that in the other cognitive instruments. The total scores from both ACE-R and DRS were strongly correlated between themselves. The educational status influenced the ACE-R sub-scores. Age interfered in the Memory, Fluency and in the ACE-R composite score. The cut-off point < 78 of ACE-R demonstrated 100% of sensitivity and 82.26% of specificity for the diagnosis of mild AD (AUC = 0,947). The VLOM cut-off point to determinate AD was > 3.22 (AUC = 0.836; sens. 67.74%; spec. 96.77% and PPV 91.73%). CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian version of the ACE-R displayed high accuracy and great diagnostic properties for cognitive assessment in our milieu; also it was able to discriminate patients with mild AD from cognitively healthy individuals. In addition, the ACE-R efficiently assesses multiple cognitive domains that are commonly affected in the early stages of dementia. Normative data presented here represent useful parameters for the clinical use of the ACE-R in Brazilian elderly.
106

Funções executivas e funcionalidade no envelhecimento normal, comprometimento cognitivo leve e doença de Alzheimer / Executive function and functional status in normal elderly, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease

Pereira, Fernanda Speggiorin 29 March 2010 (has links)
Introdução: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a relação entre funções executivas e funcionalidade em uma amostra de idosos com diferentes graus de comprometimento cognitivo e caracterizar sua funcionalidade. O segundo objetivo deste estudo foi traduzir e adaptar culturalmente o instrumento Direct Assessment of Functional Status- revised (DAFS-R) para língua portuguesa (Brasil), avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do instrumento e caracterizar o perfil funcional de cada grupo diagnóstico. Estudos anteriores mostraram diferentes resultados entre avaliação objetiva e avaliação baseada em relatos de informantes sobre funcionalidade de um indivíduo. Neste estudo, foi comparada a avaliação funcional realizada através de medidas objetivas (teste de desempenho) e de julgamentos subjetivos (relatados por cuidadores). Métodos: 89 idosos (idade média de 73,8 anos) foram submetidos a avaliações clínica e neuropsicológica, e foram alocados em três grupos diagnósticos de acordo com nível cognitivo: controles (CO, n = 32), comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL, n = 31) e doença de Alzheimer (DA, n = 26). As funções executivas foram avaliadas com o instrumento Executive Interview (EXIT25) e a funcionalidade foi medida objetivamente através da DAFS-BR. Resultados: Foi encontrada forte correlação negativa entre os escores da DAFS-BR e os escores da EXIT25 (r=- 0,872, p<0,001). A análise de regressão linear sugeriu uma influência significativa da EXIT-25 e do CAMCOG nos resultados da DAFS-BR. Médias significativamente diferentes foram observadas nos três diagnósticos em relação ao escore total da DAFS-BR. Os subdomínios da DAFS-BR capazes de diferenciar pacientes com CCL dos controles estavam relacionados às habilidades para lidar com dinheiro e de fazer compras. A adaptação transcultural mostrou boa consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach = 0,78), alta confiabilidade interavaliadores (0,996, p<0,001), bem como estabilidade teste-reteste ao longo do tempo (0,995, p <0,001). Correlação entre o escore total da DAFS-BR e do IQCODE foi significativa (r=-0,65, p<0,001). DAFSBR foi capaz de discriminar os grupos estudados (CO, CCL e DA). Análise da curva ROC sugeriu que DAFS-BR tem boa sensibilidade e especificidade para identificar com precisão pacientes com CCL, CO e DA. Conclusões: disfunção executiva está associada a pior capacidade de realizar atividades instrumentais da vida diária. Nesta amostra, os pacientes com CCL apresentaram pior estado funcional quando comparados aos controles. Pacientes com CCL podem apresentar alterações sutis no estado funcional, que somente são capturadas por medidas objetivas da funcionalidade. Resultados da adaptação transcultural e da avaliação das propriedades psicométricas sugerem que a DAFS-BR pode documentar diferentes graus de alterações do comprometimento funcional entre idosos brasileiros. Diagnósticos e tratamentos devem considerar estas diferenças entre métodos de avaliação funcional em vez de focar exclusivamente em relatos subjetivos de funcionalidade do paciente / Introduction: The objective of the study is to examine the association between executive functions and functional status in a cross section of older adults with varying degrees of cognitive impairment and characterize the functional status. The second objective of this study was to translate, culturally adapt the Direct Assessment of Functional Status- revised (DAFS-R) for Brazilian Portuguese (DAFS-BR), and to evaluate its reliability and validity to characterize the functional status in each diagnostic group. Previous studies show different results from objective assessment of functional abilities compared to information based on informants reports. In this study we compared perception of functional status between objective (performance test) e subjective (caregivers judgments) measures of assessment. Methods: 89 individuals (mean age 73.8 years) underwent clinical and neuropsychological evaluations, and were allocated into three diagnostic groups according to cognitive status: normal controls (NC, n=32), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n=31) and mild Alzheimers disease (AD, n=26). Executive functions were assessed with the 25-item Executive Interview (EXIT25), and functional status was measured with the Brazilian version of the Direct Assessment of Functional Status test (DAFS-BR). Results: We found a robust negative correlation between the DAFS-R and the EXIT25 scores (r=-0.872, p<0.001). Linear regression analyses suggested a significant influence of the EXIT-25 and the CAMCOG on the DAFS-R scores. The DAFS-BR items that differentiated MCI from controls involved the ability to deal with finances and shopping skills. The results of cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity indicated good internal consistency (Cronbach´s alpha =0.78) in the total sample. DAFS-BR showed high inter-observer reliability (0.996; p<0.001) as well as test-retest stability over time (0.995; p<0.001). Correlation between the DAFS-BR total score and the IQCODE was moderate and significant (r=-0.65, p<0.001). Significantly different total DAFS-R scores were observed across the three diagnostic groups. The instrument was able to discriminate the studied groups (NC, MCI and AD). ROC curve analyses suggested that DAFS-BR has good sensitivity and specificity to identify MCI and DA from unimpaired controls. Conclusions: Executive dysfunction is associated with worse ability to undertake instrumental activities of the daily living. In this sample, patients with MCI showed worse functional status when compared to NC. MCI patients may show subtle changes in functional status that may only be captured by objective measures of ADLs. Results of cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity suggest DAFS-BR can document degrees of severity of functional impairment among Brazilian older adults. Diagnose and treatments should consider these discrepancies rather than focusing on subjective reports of patient functionality
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Instrumento Cartões de Qualidade da Dor (ICQD): adaptação cultural e evidências de validade em crianças colombianas com feridas / Pain Quality Cards Instrument (PQCI): cultural adaptation and validity evidence for Colombian children with wounds

Ramos, Mily Constanza Moreno 16 February 2016 (has links)
Introdução: A avaliação da dor, constitui uma intervenção de enfermagem fundamental para o estabelecimento do tratamento adequado da dor. Portanto, os profissionais de enfermagem devem considerar o uso de instrumentos de avaliação de dor apropriados para as crianças. Dentre os instrumentos de avaliação encontram-se os instrumentos multidimensionais, porém evidenciou-se escassez destes instrumentos em idioma espanhol para a avaliação da dor em crianças com feridas por profissionais de enfermagem Colombianos. Objetivo: Adaptar culturalmente e encontrar evidências de validade do Instrumento Cartões de qualidade da Dor (ICQD) em crianças com feridas para a língua espanhola da Colômbia. Método: Estudo metodológico e transversal, que foi desenvolvido em duas etapas. Etapa 1: adaptação cultural e validação de conteúdo que esteve composta por seis fases; tradução, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, avaliação da versão por um comitê de juízes, avaliação por crianças na escola e no hospital, e pré-teste da versão final; Etapa 2: evidências de validade baseadas no constructo e no critério externo do ICQD, com 90 crianças em idade escolar hospitalizadas portadoras de feridas. O estudo foi realizado em um hospital pediátrico da cidade de Bogotá Colômbia, com previa aprovação do Comitê de ética da EEUSP e do hospital pediátrico. Os dados foram processados através do software IBM-SPSS 19.0 com nível de significância de 5% (p<0.005). Resultados: Todos as fases pertencentes à etapa de adaptação cultural foram realizadas satisfatoriamente, obtendo uma versão do ICQD adaptado. Foram encontradas evidências fortes baseadas no conteúdo com um IVC total de 0,92; PABAK de 0,79 em representatividade; 0,69 em clareza e 0,74 em dimensão teórica mostrando concordância substancial segundo avaliação dos juízes. No pré-teste, o ICQD versão adaptada mostrou ser clara para mais de 70% de crianças escolares hospitalizadas portadoras de feridas. Na etapa de evidências no critério externo, as variáveis de diagnóstico médico, tipo de ferida, localização de ferida, infecção da ferida, mobilidade e intensidade de dor mostraram resultados significativos. Conclusões: O Instrumento Cartões de Qualidade da Dor (ICQD) versão espanhol, mostrou-se adaptado culturalmente em crianças escolares com feridas no contexto Colombiano apresentando evidências de validade baseadas no conteúdo e no critério externo. / Introduction: Pain assessment, is a fundamental nursing intervention to stablish an adequate pain management. Therefore, nursing professionals should consider the use of appropriate pain assessment tools for children. Among the assessment tools are multidimensional instruments, but it became clear the shortage of these instruments in Spanish for assessing pain in injured children by Colombian nursing professionals. Objective: To translate to the Colombian Spanish language and culturally adapt the Pain Quality Cards Instrument (PQCI) and find evidence of its validity for school age children with wounds. Method: methodological and transversal study, which was developed in two phases. phase 1: cultural adaptation, was composed of six stages translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, evaluation of the resulting version by a panel of judges, evaluation by children in school and in hospital, and pretesting of the final version; phase 2: evidence of validity based on the construct and external criterion PQCI, with a sample of 90 school age children hospitalized with wounds. The study was conducted in a pediatric hospital in Bogotá - Colombia, with anticipated approval of the Ethics Committee of EEUSP and a pediatric hospital. Data were processed through the IBM-SPSS 19.0 with a significance level of 5% (p <0.005). Results: All the stages of the cultural adaptation were performed satisfactorily, obtaining a version adapted PQCI. Strong evidence-based content was found with a total CVI of 0.92; PABAK 0.79 in representativeness; 0.69 in clarity and 0.74 in theoretical dimension shows a substantial agreement as assessed by judges. In the pre-test, the adapted PQCI version proved to be clear to over 70% of school age children hospitalized with wounds. In the phase of external criterion validity evidence the variables medical diagnosis, type of wound, wound location, wound infection, mobility and pain intensity showed significant results. Conclusions: Pain Quality Cards Instrument (PQCI) Spanish version proved to be culturally adapted in injured school age children in the Colombian context showing evidence of validity based on the content and external criterion.
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Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do Infant Sensory Profile 2 e do Toddler Sensory Profile 2 para crianças brasileiras de 0 a 35 meses / Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of Infant Sensory Profile 2 and Toddler Sensory Profile 2 to brasilian children from 0 to 35 months

Almohalha, Lucieny 09 March 2018 (has links)
A mensuração do desenvolvimento sensorial tem se tornado um componente necessário na avaliação clínica e no planejamento terapêutico ocupacional para intervenções com bebês e crianças pequenas. Estudos sobre traduções, adaptações culturais e validação de instrumentos para obtenção de medidas válidas e confiáveis tem sido incorporado mais frequentemente em pesquisas no campo da terapia ocupacional. Este estudo metodológico, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, teve como objetivo descrever o processo de tradução, adaptação cultural e validação das propriedades psicométricas dos instrumentos Infant Sensory Profile 2 (ISP 2) e Toddler Sensory Profile 2 (TSP 2) para crianças brasileiras. A pequisa foi conduzida em ambulatório pediátrico e em laboratórios de pesquisas vinculados à Universidade de São Paulo e Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. A amostra total incluiu 303 pais/cuidadores de crianças de 0 a 35 meses com desenvolvimento típico e atípico. Métodos: O desenvolvimento das versões para o português do Brasil constou de duas etapas, a primeira consistiu do processo de tradução, retrotradução, estudo de validade de conteúdo e de fase pré-teste em estudo piloto; na segunda etapa, foram realizados estudos psicométricos por meio da consistência interna, fidedignidade teste-reteste, análise fatorial confirmatória, e análise de pontos de corte de escores. Para a primeira etapa, os resultados mostraram que, a partir da validade de face, houve adequação semântica e compreensibilidade de ambos os instrumentos por parte dos respondentes. Para a etapa dois, o software STATA auxiliou nas análises, e o ISP 2 apresentou consistência interna total > 0.70, mas quando analisado por áreas sensoriais a consistência foi < que 0.70. Com relação ao TSP 2, apresentou consistência interna total > 0.80, mas quando analisado por áreas sensoriais a consistência foi < que 0.70 com exceção das áreas auditiva e visual, e em relação aos quadrantes, todos os valores de alfa foram < que 0.70. Sobre o teste-reteste, para ambos os instrumentos, houve alta concordância com valor de Kappa ponderado na categoria quase perfeita. Entretanto, a análise fatorial confirmatória não confirma a estrutura atual dos instrumentos. A rotação da matriz mostrou que itens poderiam ser alocados em domínios diferentes aos que pertencem originalmente, demonstrando correlações distintas entre os itens e dimensões. Os pontos de corte dos escores brasileiros foram diferentes dos americanos. Destaca-se, como considerações finais, a importância em analisar e testar a estrutura fatorial exploratória e confirmatória de ambos os instrumentos uma vez que houve diferenças significantes ente as versões brasileiras do ISP 2 e TSP 2 para a população brasileira de crianças de 0 a 3 meses de idade, verificar as equivalências das cargas fatoriais, as quantidades de itens por domínios, as covariâncias entre os fatores dos instrumentos e os erros de medida. Ainda seria importante verificar a invariância das medidas, seja através da análise fatorial ou da teoria de resposta ao item / Sensory development measurement has become a necessary component in clinical assessment and occupational therapy planning for interventions with infants and young children. Studies related to translations, cultural adaptations and validation of instruments to obtain valid and reliable measures have been incorporated more frequently in researches in the occupational therapy field. This cross-sectional methodological study, with a quantitative approach, aimed to describe the process of translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the psychometric properties of the Infant Sensory Profile 2 (ISP 2) and Toddler Sensory Profile 2 (TSP 2) to brazilian children. The research was conducted in a pediatric outpatient clinic and in research laboratories linked to the University São Paulo and the Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro. The total sample included 303 parents/caregivers of children aged 0-35 months with typical and atypical development. The development of the Brazilian Portuguese versions was done in two steps, the first one consisted of the translation process, back translation, content validity study and pre-test phase in a pilot study; in the second stage, psychometric studies were performed through internal consistency, test-retest reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, and analysis of cut-off scores. For the first step, the results showed that, from the face validity, there was semantic adequacy and comprehensibility of both instruments by the respondents. For step two, the STATA software assisted in the analyzes, and the ISP 2 presented total internal consistency > 0.70, but when analyzed by sensory areas the consistency was < 0.70. Regarding TSP 2, it presented total internal consistency > 0.80, but when analyzed by sensory areas the consistency was < 0.70, except for auditory and visual areas, and in relation to the quadrants, all alpha values were lower than 0.70. On test-retest analysis, for both instruments, there was high agreement with weighted Kappa value in the almost perfect category. However, the confirmatory factor analysis does not confirm the current structure of this instrument. The rotation of the matrix showed that items could be allocated in domains other than those that originally belonged, showing distinct correlations between items and dimensions. The cut-off points of the Brazilian scores were different from the American ones. As final considerations, it is important to analyze and test the exploratory and confirmatory factorial structure of both instruments since there were significant differences between the Brazilian versions of ISP 2 and TSP 2 for the Brazilian population of children aged 0 to 3 months age; to verify the equivalence of factorial loads; the quantity of items by domains; the covariance between the factors of the instrument and the measurement errors. It is still important to verify the invariance of the measurements, either through factor analysis or item response theory
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Tradução e adaptação transcultural de materiais educativos: proposta metodológica de validação no contexto da saúde / Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of educative materials: methodological proposal for validation in the context of health

Guedes, Diego Martins Pinto 10 April 2017 (has links)
Este trabalho foi realizado dada a necessidade de tradução e adaptação transcultural validada dos materiais educativos para apoio aos profissionais de Fonoaudiologia, os quais lidam direta ou indiretamente com crianças com deficiência auditiva em diferentes regiões do país. Reitera-se, ainda, que este estudo constitui uma alternativa significativa para promover a atualização profissional continuada e, por conseguinte, aprovisionar possíveis deficiências educacionais. Este estudo objetivou: (1) propor método sistemático para a tradução, adaptação e validação de materiais educativos, no contexto da Fonoaudiologia; (2) realizar a tradução para a língua inglesa, adaptação transcultural e validação multidisciplinar de seis unidades de telefonoaudiologia disponíveis no Portal Sistema FM; e (3) realizar a tradução para a língua inglesa, localização e internacionalização do Portal Sistema FM. Inicialmente, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura estabelecendo relações com produções anteriores, identificando temáticas recorrentes ao contexto deste estudo e apontando novas perspectivas. Em seguida, delineou-se a proposta em quatro etapas: (1) tradução e adaptação transcultural; (2) validação multidisciplinar pelo comitê; (3) síntese da tradução e validação; e (4) diagramação e publicação. Além disso, descreveu-se, metodologicamente, os níveis para a tradução, localização e internacionalização do Portal Sistema FM. Um método sistemático para a tradução, adaptação e validação de materiais educativos, no contexto da Fonoaudiologia, foi proposto. Optou-se por delinear novas diretrizes uma vez que as propostas existentes para os protocolos da saúde mostraram-se inviáveis no que tange a sua complexidade para o presente contexto e, notoriamente, para o contexto dos 29% de artigos que não citaram tais bases teóricas no levantamento realizado. A tradução, adaptação transcultural e validação das unidades estabelecidas foram realizadas. O comitê de tradutores sugeriu até 13% de alterações no texto e somaram 81.425 caracteres em seus pareceres; enquanto, o comitê de fonoaudiólogos sugeriu até 3% de alterações no texto e somaram 82.715 caracteres em seus pareceres; entende-se que: (1) a tradução realizada pelo tradutor insider profissional foi satisfatória; (2) a competência tradutória e a experiência do tradutor é um fator que propicia um olhar holístico e analítico para o construto; (3) a grande parte das sugestões dos fonoaudiólogos são de grande relevância e impacto para o construto; e (4) a experiência dos participantes, em ambos os grupos, refletiu no percentual de alterações sugeridas. A tradução, localização e internacionalização do Portal Sistema FM para a língua inglesa foi realizada e disponibilizada pelo endereço: http://en.portalsistemafm.fob.usp.br/. Conclui-se que o método proposto se mostrou eficiente e eficaz, com possibilidade de ser utilizado por outras áreas de estudo. / This study was carried out due to the need for validated translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the educative materials to support Audiologists, who deal directly or indirectly with hearing impaired children in different regions of the country. Furthermore, this study constitutes a significant alternative to promote continuing education for professional development and, consequently, provision for possible educational gaps. This study aimed to: (1) propose a systematic method for translation, adaptation, and validation of educative materials, in the context of Audiology; (2) carry out translation into the English language, cross-cultural adaptation, and multidisciplinary validation of six teleaudiology units available on the FM System Portal; and (3) perform the translation into the English language, localization, and internationalization of the FM System Portal. Initially, a literature review was carried out establishing connections with previous productions, identifying recurrent issues in the context of this study and pointing out new perspectives. The proposal was then outlined in four stages: (1) translation and cross-cultural adaptation; (2) multidisciplinary validation by the expert committee; (3) synthesis of translation and validation; and (4) layout and publication. Also, the levels of the translation, localization, and internationalization of the FM System Portal were described methodologically. A systematic method for the translation, adaptation, and validation of educative materials in the context of Audiology was proposed. New guidelines were outlined, since the current proposals for health protocols were not feasible with regard to their complexity for the present context and, notoriously, for the context of the 29% of papers that did not cite such theoretical bases in the accomplished research. The translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the established units were carried out. The committee of Translators suggested up to 13% of alterations in the text and presented 81,425 characters in their notes; while the committee of Audiologists suggested up to 3% of alterations in the text and presented 82,715 characters in their notes; it is understood that: (1) the translation by the insider professional Translator was satisfactory; (2) translation competence and the experience of the Translator is a factor that provides a holistic and analytical view of the construct; (3) most of the suggestions of the Audiologists are of high relevance and impact to the construct; and (4) the experience of the participants, in both groups, reflected in the percentage of suggested alterations. The translation, localization, and internationalization of the FM System Portal into the English language was accomplished and made available for access on the following address: http://en.portalsistemafm.fob.usp.br/. It was concluded that the proposed method was efficient and effective with the possibility of being used by other areas of study.
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Escore Finlandês de Risco de Diabetes - FINDRISC tradução e adaptação transcultural, estudo de prevalência e aplicações /

Barim, Estela Maria January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Kátia Cristina Portero McLellan / Resumo: BARIM, E.M. Escore Finlandês de Risco de Diabetes - FINDRISC: tradução e adaptação transcultural, estudo de prevalência e aplicações. 2019. 132f. Tese (Doutorado) – Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, 2019. O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é um problema de saúde pública a nível mundial. Existem evidências que mudanças no estilo de vida podem prevenir ou retardar o desenvolvimento de DM2 em indivíduos com risco elevado de desenvolver a doença. O Escore Finlandês de Risco de Diabetes - FINDRISC é um instrumento de rastreamento não invasivo desenvolvido com o objetivo de predizer o desenvolvimento de DM2 no futuro e vem sendo usado em diferentes países. Com o decorrer do tempo o FINDRISC também passou a ser utilizado para predizer e/ou rastrear diferentes afecções. Os objetivos desta tese foram (i) traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente a versão original do FINDRISC para o português brasileiro e avaliar a sua confiabilidade; (ii) estratificar os usuários de um centro de atenção primária quanto ao risco de desenvolver DM2 utilizando o FINDRISC e investigar os fatores associados com risco alto e muito alto; e (iii) mapear as aplicações do FINDRISC através da realização de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Três manuscritos compuseram essa tese. O primeiro manuscrito descreveu o processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural da versão original do FINDRISC para o português do Brasil de acordo com as recomendações desenvolvidas pela força t... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: BARIM, E.M. Finnish Diabetes Risk Score - FINDRISC: translation and cross-cultural adaptation, cross-sectional study and clinical uses. 2019. 132 pages (PhD Thesis) - São Paulo State University - UNESP, Medical School, Botucatu, 2019. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a public health problem worldwide. There is evidence that lifestyle changes can prevent or delay the onset of T2DM for individuals at high risk for T2DM. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score - FINDRISC is a non-invasive screening tool initially developed to predict the risk of developing T2DM in adults and it has been used in different countries. Over time, FINDRISC has also been used to predict and detect different conditions. The aims of this thesis were (i) to describe the process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the original version of FINDRISC into Brazilian Portuguese and to assess its reliability; (ii) to stratify users of a primary care center according to their risk of developing T2DM using the FINDRISC questionnaire and investigate factors associated with high and very high-risk score (FINDRISC≥15 points); and (iii) to map the applications of the FINDRISC questionnaire by performing an integrative literature review. The first manuscript described the process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the original version of the FINDRISC questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese in accordance with the recommendations developed by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

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