Det studien har identifierat är en avsaknad av sammanställda risker och fördelar för den vanligaste organisationstypen i många länder; SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises). Det existerar inga sammanfattade hjälpmedel för utveckling och implementation för IoT (Internet of Things) som understöd åt beslutsstödsystem (ERP_DSS) för målgruppen SMEs. Det studien presenterar är ett ramverk med fördelar som rekommenderas att följas och risker som rekommenderas att undvikas, vid utveckling och implementation av IoT som understöd åt beslutsstödsystem. Studien har också praktiskt prövat användbarheten av ramverket genom design science, där prototyper utvecklats. Ramverkets användbarhet kan efter lyckad utveckling av protyper och ytterligare identifierade risker, presentera ett fungerande och sammanställt hjälpmedel för målgruppen SMEs.

A especificação dos requisitos de software pressupõe que se conheçam os requisitos do sistema do que será parte. Os requisitos do sistema, por sua vez, pressupõem o conhecimento do negócio (business) onde o sistema será utilizado. Para que estes conhecimentos sejam obtidos é importante o envolvimento dos stakeholders tanto no nível de sistema quanto no nível de negócio. As literaturas sobre Engenharia de Requisitos, Engenharia de Software e Engenharia de Sistemas concordam que o envolvimento dos stakeholders é fundamental. O tratamento dispensado ao assunto, no entanto, é pequeno, dada a importância do tema. Esta dissertação, utilizando conceitos da Engenharia de Métodos Situacionais e de Design Science, apresenta o ZEP Framework, um artefato, produzido com o software EPF Composer, que permite a criação de métodos para envolver o stakeholder. Estes métodos, para serem criados, devem levar em consideração as peculiaridades da organização, dos recursos disponíveis e do projeto em si. São apresentados, ainda, alguns cenários, na área de Turismo, como exemplos da utilização do framework. / The specification of software requirements implies that the system requirements are known. The system requirement requires knowledge about the business of which the system will be a part. To obtain this knowledge it is important to engage stakeholders not only at the system level, but at the business level as well. The literature on Requirements Engineering, Software Engineering and Systems Engineering consider the involvement of stakeholders as fundamental. Despite this, the treatment of the subject is not proportional to its importance. This dissertation, using concepts from Situational Method Engineering and Design Science, presents the ZEP Framework, an artifact built with the EPF Composer software, that allows the creation of methods to engage stakeholders. These methods consider the specific situation of the organization, the resources available and the characteristics of the initiative itself. Some scenarios, in the Tourism field, are presented as examples of the utilization of the framework.

Na aviação, os procedimentos para situações anormais e de emergência, geralmente organizados em checklists compilados no Quick Reference Handbook (QRH), são elaborados e revisados como mecanismos de controle organizacional. Esta abordagem, no entanto, tem mostrado limitações em servir como solução para todos os tipos de situações, principalmente para problemas não estruturados. Neste cenário, o conceito ‘procedimentos como recursos para a ação’ tem sido visto como uma abordagem alternativa, embora tenha sido desenvolvida apenas de forma incipiente. Assim, o objetivo geral desta tese foi propor um protocolo para revisão dos procedimentos disponíveis em cockpits de aviões comerciais como apoio aos pilotos durante a gestão de anomalia. Para atingir o objetivo, a pesquisa adotou a Design Science Research e foi dividida em quatro etapas: compressão do problema, sugestão e desenvolvimento, avaliação e conclusão. Um estudo etnográfico cognitivo conduzido em uma companhia aérea brasileira propiciou melhor entendimento do problema por meio de observações participantes, entrevistas retrospectivas, entrevistas em grupo, dados secundários e documentos técnicos. Os resultados mostraram como fatores contextuais fora do escopo do QRH geraram demandas extras e requereram estratégias de adaptação dos sistemas cognitivos correlacionados. Fragmentos do QRH e de recursos adicionais foram intercalados para apoiar essas estratégias. As sugestões de melhorias envolveram a reorganização do QRH, dos checklists e dos recursos adicionais, a fim de melhor apoiar o reconhecimento de anomalias, o diagnóstico de problemas e o curso de ação. As sete etapas do protocolo foram desenvolvidas com base nos princípios teóricos e empíricos derivados do estudo e, em seguida, o protocolo foi avaliado de acordo com cinco critérios. Enquanto o artefato teve um bom desempenho em dois critérios, três deles revelaram a necessidade de ajustes, que podem ser superados com novas aplicações em diferentes contextos. Em conclusão, o estudo atingiu os objetivos geral e específicos, contribuiu para a classe de problemas ao operacionalizar o conceito ‘procedimentos como recursos para a ação’ e contribuiu para solucionar o problema prático ao proporcionar um artefato para ajudar as companhias aéreas a revisar seus procedimentos e outros recursos de modo a melhor apoiar os pilotos na gestão de anomalias. / In aviation, procedures for abnormal and emergency situations, generally organized in checklists compiled in the Quick Reference Handbook (QRH), are designed and redesigned as mechanisms of organizational control. This approach, however, has shown some drawbacks as a solution for any situation, specially for unstructured problems. In this scenario, the concept ‘procedures and resources for action’ has been seen as an alternative approach, although it has been incipiently developed. Thus, the general objective of this thesis was to propose a protocol for redesigning the procedures available in commercial aircraft cockpits as means of supporting pilots during anomaly management. To achieve the objective, the research adopted the Design Science Research approach and was divided into four stages: awareness of the problem, suggestion and development, evaluation and conclusion. A cognitive ethnographic study conducted in a Brazilian airline provided better understanding of the problem through participant observations, retrospective interviews, group interviews, secondary data and technical documents as sources of data. The results showed how contextual factors beyond the QRH scope generated extra demands and required adaptive strategies from the joint cognitive systems. Fragments from the QRH and from additional resources were interleaved to support these strategies. The design implications involved the reorganization of the QRH, the checklist and the additional resources in order to better support the anomaly recognition, the problem diagnosis and the course of action. The seven steps of the protocol were developed based on the theoretical and empirical principles derived from the study and, then, the protocol was evaluated according to five criteria. While the artefact performed well in two criteria, in three of them revealed opportunities of improvement, which can be overcame with more applications in different settings. In conclusion, the study achieved general and specifics objectives, contributed to the class of problems by operationalizing the concept ‘procedures as resources for action’ and contributed to solve the practical problem by providing an artefact that help airlines to redesign procedures and other resources in order to better support pilots during anomaly management.

E-tjänster används oftare i Sverige och studier visar att en majoritet av befolkningen vill ha möjlighet att rösta i val via internet. Grannländer som Norge och andra europeiska länder har antingen testat eller implementerat ett e-röstningssystem för demokratiska val, men många av har fått utstå stor kritik eller har lagts ner, som e-röstningsprojektet i Norge. I den här designvetenskapliga studien har vi utvecklat en prototyp av ett e-röstningssystem byggt på smarta kontrakt och blockkedjeteknik med syfte att studera hur väl ett sådant system uppfyller de tekniska kraven som finns för ett svenskt e-röstningssystem. Prototypen utvärderades genom användbarhetstester med potientella slutanvändare samt intervjuer med experter, för att sedan jämföra resultaten med framtagna riktlinjer. Resultatet av denna utvärdering diskuteras sedan där vi tittar på implikationer av ett sådant system tillsammans med fördelar, nackdelar samt potentialen för praktisk realiserbarhet och möjligheter för vidare forskning. Ett e-röstningssystem baserat på smarta kontrakt och blockkedje-teknik är realiserbart inom ramen för denna studie, men framtagandet av verktyg och en högre grad av kryptering är kritisk för ett storskaligt system.

Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-10-10T13:47:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERT Claudio Almeida Pinheiro.pdf: 2607136 bytes, checksum: 4eb6590137f0db3422bb97235d0e8507 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-10-16T11:21:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERT Claudio Almeida Pinheiro.pdf: 2607136 bytes, checksum: 4eb6590137f0db3422bb97235d0e8507 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-16T11:21:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERT Claudio Almeida Pinheiro.pdf: 2607136 bytes, checksum: 4eb6590137f0db3422bb97235d0e8507 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-05 / As incubadoras de empresas devem garantir condições favoráveis para o sucesso das empresas incubadas e pré-incubadas, diminuindo o índice de fracassos das micros e pequenas empresas, para alcançar o sucesso precisam ampliar quantitativa e qualitativamente seus resultados, de forma que os objetivos e metas sejam alcançados para um patamar de sustentabilidade do negócio. O objetivo deste estudo é propor um sistema de indicadores de desempenho que permita a Incubadora de Empresas em Tecnologia – IETEC (CEFET-RJ) atender os requisitos para a implantação e certificação do modelo CERNE 1, através do método do Design Science Research, para criar o artefato proposto, utilizando modelos conhecidos de sistemas de mensuração de desempenho de incubadoras de base tecnológica, existentes na literatura. Dentro deste contexto, com incentivo governamental foi criado pela Associação Nacional das Entidades Promotoras de Empreendimentos Inovadores (ANPROTEC) em parceria com o Serviço de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE), o Centro de Referência para Apoio a Novos Empreendimentos (CERNE), com a elaboração de procedimentos padronizados para a implementação de sistemas de gestão de desempenho das empresas e da própria incubadora, utilizando de ferramentas e mecanismos adequados para a mensuração. O artefato criado é composto por (40) indicadores de desempenho que contemplam os cinco eixos norteadores do CERNE: empreendedor, tecnologia, capital, mercado e gestão. / Business incubators should ensure favorable conditions for the success of the incubated companies and pre-incubated, decreasing the rate of failures of micro and small enterprises to achieve success you need to expand your results, quantitative and qualitatively of so that the goals and objectives are achieved to a level of sustainability of the business. The objective of this study is to propose a system of performance indicators that allow the technology business incubator-IETEC (CEFET-RJ) meet the requirements for the implementation and certification of the model CORE 1, by the method of Design Science Research, to create the artifact proposed, seeking in literature known models of performance measurement systems of technology-based incubators. Within this context, with Government incentive was created by the National Association of organizations promoting Innovative Ventures (ANPROTEC) in partnership with supporting service for Micro and small enterprises (SEBRAE), the Centre of reference for supporting new Developments (CORE), with the development of standardized procedures for the implementation of performance management systems of companies and own incubator, using appropriate mechanisms and tools for measurement. The artifact created consists of (40) performance indicators covering the five axes guiding CORE: entrepreneur, technology, capital, market and management.

Submitted by Priscilla Araujo (priscilla@ibict.br) on 2016-10-10T17:32:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DissertacaoCompleta.pdf: 6028677 bytes, checksum: 15e3af1b8f1467af4a8714535fb305a3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-10T17:32:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DissertacaoCompleta.pdf: 6028677 bytes, checksum: 15e3af1b8f1467af4a8714535fb305a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-29 / O ponto de partida da presente pesquisa está na relação entre a Ciência da Informação e o Web Design. As interseções, identificadas, estruturadas e aprofundadas através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória, permitem vislumbrar uma forte aproximação das duas áreas, e desdobram-se em discussões importantes sobre as relações entre teoria e prática, bem como entre a ciência e o projeto. A revisão de literatura permite projetar o design da informação como disciplina capaz de concentrar estudos sobre arquitetura de informação, visualização da informação e usabilidade, se valendo de métodos teórico-práticos. Na busca por um suporte metodológico que permitisse uma relação mais natural entre as áreas, levando em conta o processo de design sem abrir mão do rigor científico, emerge a Design Science como um campo científico capaz de facilitar a relação interdisciplinar que norteia essa dissertação. / The starting point of this research is the relationship between Information Science and Web Design. Intersections identified, structured and deepened through a bibliographical research, allow the glimpse of a strong approximation between the two fields, and open up important discussions about the relationship between theory and practice, as well as between science and design. The literature review allows forecasting information design as a discipline able to concentrate studies on information architecture, information visualization and usability, making use of theoretical and practical methods. In the search for a methodological support to allow a more natural relationship between areas, taking into account the design proccess without sacrificing scientific rigor, Design Science emerges as a scientific field capable of facilitating interdisciplinary relationship that guides this dissertation.

Web API:er i dess olika former är ett vanligt sätt att tillgängliggöra tjänster via webben. Idag är REST den dominerande arkitekturen för utveckling av publika API:er. När flera web services slås samman kallas det för en mashup. Problemet som undersöks är hur flera REST API:er kan slås samman till en mashup. Syftet med det här arbetet är att föreslå en generell arkitektur för mashups vid sammanslagning av REST API:er. Arbetet utfördes som en designundersökning där målet var att ta fram en artefakt i form av en generell arkitektur för mashups av REST API:er. Med hjälp av tidigare forskning togs egenskaper fram som lägger grunden till den nya arkitekturen som föreslagits i det här arbetet. Arkitekturen implementerades som en applikation hos företaget Cygate AB. Arkitekturen utvärderades sedan av Cygate AB med hjälp av fyra kriterier vilka mäter kvalitén på mjukvara. Arkitekturen anses vara av god kvalité enligt den utvärdering som utfördes av Cygate AB. Slutsatsen drogs att arkitekturen är tillämpbar i liknande scenarion där flera REST API:er slås samman i en mashup. / Web APIs in their different shapes and sizes are a common way to make services accessible through the web. Today, the REST architectural style is the dominating approach to develop public APIs. When combining several web services, it is called creating a mashup. The problem explored in this thesis is how several REST APIs can be combined into a mashup. Consequently, the purpose of this thesis is to suggest a generic architecture for mashups combining REST APIs. A design science approach is used in this study to develop an artifact in the form of a generic architecture for mashups of REST APIs. By studying previous research, characteristics and properties are found that represent the basis of the proposed architecture. The architecture is implemented as an application in a real world scenario at Cygate AB. The architecture is, finally, evaluated by Cygate AB through four criteria that measure software quality. The architecture is deemed to be of good quality according to the evaluation performed by Cygate AB. Conclusions can be made that the architecture is applicable in similar scenarios where several REST APIs are combined to a mashup.

Abstract There has been little improvement over the last few decades in the annual accident rate in workplaces within manufacturing industries. Viable innovative methods in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing industry are need for developing more effective ways to enhance the understanding of safety. Therefore, enterprises need new illustrative and participative trials to boost their ongoing and incomplete work. Research in to the significance of design science (DS) as a framework for enhancing health and safety issues has provided new views. One reason is most likely the macro-ergonomic comprehensive approach, however, DS is comprehensive and thus the results do not usually correlate with practical occasions. In addition to DS the work system objectives have to consider and be able to reveal the significance of health and safety issues. In this study, a work system is utilised for trialling illustrative and participative activities along with the necessary tools for supporting quality and well-being at work. In these cases, DS was used as the main guideline. This study also highlights innovation for introducing something new that can improve performance. The results of this study showed that the DS approach is applicable when developing a work system in SMEs. The innovative unification of the existing illustrative and participative methods produces new practical views for achieving improved performances. It was also shown that DS presents a new approach for modelling the development of innovations in relation to health and safety issues. / Tiivistelmä Työtapaturmien vuosittaiset lukumäärät ovat parantuneet vain vähän viime vuosikymmenten aikana. Tarvitaan käyttökelpoisia innovatiivisia menetelmiä valmistavassa teollisuudessa, jotta pystytään kehittämään enemmän tehokkaita keinoja turvallisuuden ymmärtämisen parantamiseksi. Siksi yritykset tarvitsevat uusia havainnollistavia ja osallistuvia kokeiluja tehostaakseen meneillään olevaa ja vaillinaista työtä. Suunnittelutieteen tutkiminen turvallisuuden ja terveellisyyden viitekehyksessä on antanut uusia näkemyksiä. Yksi syy on ehkä makroergonominen kokonaisvaltainen lähestymistapa. Kuitenkin suunnittelutiede on kokonaisvaltaista ja tulokset eivät ole välttämättä käytännön tilanteisiin sovellettavia. Suunnittelutieteen lisäksi työsysteemin objektit tuottavat tärkeitä näkemyksiä turvallisuus- ja terveellisyysasioihin. Tässä tutkimuksessa työsysteemiä hyödynnettiin havainnollistavien ja osallistuvien toimintojen ja työkalujen kokeiluun, jossa tuettiin yritysten toiminnan laatua ja työhyvinvointia. Näissä tapauksissa suunnittelutiedettä hyödynnettiin lähestymistapana. Tämä tutkimus korostaa lisäksi innovaatiota, jolla tuotetaan uutta parempaan suoriutumiseen. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat, että suunnittelutiede on sopiva lähestymistapa pienten ja keskisuurten yritysten työsysteemin kehittämiseen. Olemassa olevien havainnollistavien ja osallistuvien menetelmien innovatiivinen yhdistäminen tuottaa uusia käyttökelpoisia näkökulmia paremman suoriutumisen saavuttamiseksi. Tutkimuksessa osoitettiin myös, että suunnittelutiede tarjoaa uuden näkökulman turvallisuuden ja terveellisyyden innovaatioiden kehittämisen mallintamiseen.

To be able to provide data collecting services to customers, service provides are required by law to design privacy policies and present their content to users as privacy notices that informs the user on privacy consequences and demonstrate that an explicit informed consent of the user has been collected before processing of the data. However, despite the increase in data collection by services and hence increase of privacy impact, yet privacy notices do not implement proper mechanisms that can assure that data subjects are well informed and their consent are provided with comprehension. The root of this problem is the fact that typically only theoretical description of what consent is and what it involves is offered by existing literature but no “practical” design guides are available for decision makers and practitioners on how to effectively integrate a targeted consent level in privacy notices. This thesis work addresses the need for explicit integration of consent in privacy notice designs by presenting the Extended Privacy Notice Design Space (XPNDS) construct that guides on explicitly incorporating different levels of consent in privacy notices. This thesis uses theories of eye movement in reading and technical references from computer vision for comprehension and attention determination to prove the feasibility of integrating higher level of consent in the design space that may guide to assured informed consent. The construct can be used by managers to communicate, practitioners to design, and regulators to analyze informed consent incorporation in privacy notice designs. Unlike most works available in the literature on consent which only provide theoretical opinion of what informed consent is, this work cast the conceptual consent guidelines in to a practical privacy notice design space to provide an XPNDS that guides to the practicality of achieving assured informed consent in privacy notices. It is the hope of the author that the XPNDS will be useful to both practitioners and academicians in incorporating informed consent in privacy notice designs to an assured level. / <p>Validerat; 20160622 (global_studentproject_submitter)</p>

In enterprises, virtual collaboration is increasingly important due to digitalization and the rising relevance of knowledge work. Product costing is an example of a business domain that is characterized by a high demand for communication, coordination, and information exchange. Time and location-based restrictions underline the necessity of computer-assisted support in collaboration. The concept of Business Domain-Specific e-Collaboration presented in this thesis is an approach to integrate IT-support for virtual cooperation directly into the core processes of particular business domains and the corresponding enterprise systems. Derived from the example of the product costing domain, design principles for Business Domain-Specific e-Collaboration illustrate how such an integration can be achieved in various business domains.