Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-03-13T17:09:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Salgueiro Bruno.pdf: 7415663 bytes, checksum: 444673262e071c3e586771f9153de7cf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-13T17:09:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Salgueiro Bruno.pdf: 7415663 bytes, checksum: 444673262e071c3e586771f9153de7cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Mestrado Profissional em Ensino na Saúde / O enfrentamento dos desastres naturais pelas equipes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família é o objeto deste estudo. Três questões nortearam o estudo: de que forma a Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS) pode ser utilizada pelas equipes de saúde da família para pensarem o processo de trabalho a fim de proporem estratégias de enfrentamento em situações de desastre natural; como sensibilizar e mobilizar as equipes de saúde da família a proporem formas de enfrentamento dos desastres naturais através da EPS; e quais estratégias metodológicas permitem compreender de que forma as equipes de saúde da família podem enfrentar esses eventos. O estudo teve como objetivo geral utilizar a potência do espaço de EPS, através de uma oficina de fotos, para conhecer de que forma os membros das equipes de saúde da família enfrentam os desastres naturais; e como objetivo específico, analisar a influência da EPS como dispositivo na construção de estratégias de enfrentamento dos desastres naturais pelas equipes de saúde da família. Após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro e autorização da secretaria de saúde do município de Teresópolis – RJ, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo com abordagem qualitativa do tipo pesquisa-ação. Também foram adotados recursos metodológicos preconizados pela Clínica da Atividade e a perspectiva da intervenção fotográfica. Os dados foram coletados a partir de duas oficinas de fotos, sendo utilizada também a observação participante durante todas as etapas da pesquisa. Os participantes foram os profissionais integrantes de duas equipes de saúde da família que atuaram em épocas distintas na mesma Unidade localizada em Vargem Grande, área rural do município de Teresópolis-RJ, a qual sofreu inundações no ano de 2012. Com o desenvolvimento das oficinas de fotos, e com o constante e intenso movimento da EPS, as propostas para o enfrentamento dos desastres naturais foram surgindo, ficando agrupadas em quatro subcategorias determinadas pelo estudo: a) a necessidade de parcerias com diversos serviços e setores, incluindo a comunidade, para que seja feito um planejamento; b) a adoção de medidas preventivas; c) a necessidade de liderança, tanto para organizar as funções da equipe de saúde, quanto para orientar a comunidade e d) recursos teóricos e técnicos para os profissionais, a fim de torná-los mais preparados para a ação. Muitas dificuldades, empecilhos e entraves para este enfrentamento foram apontados e algumas facilidades citadas. A EPS neste estudo demonstrou grande potência e influência como dispositivo indutor da construção de estratégias de enfrentamento dos desastres naturais, pois instigou, permitiu e facilitou a expressão dos sujeitos, fazendo com que os mesmos refletissem sobre as próprias práticas e propusessem novas formas de trabalho indo ao encontro com as premissas e objetivos da PNEPS. O recurso metodológico da oficina de fotos permitiu potencializar o propósito da EPS desencadeando mecanismos para a produção de subjetividades, autoanálise, autogestão, implicação, pensamento e afetividade – experimentação. Mais do que os resultados deste estudo, esses espaços foram capazes de devolver, reacender, ou fazer surgir, o poder de agir desses trabalhadores que se viam como excluídos de uma situação ao qual estão completamente imersos e implicados / The confrontation of natural disasters by the Family’s Health Strategy team is the purpose of this study. Three questions guided the study: in which way can the Permanent Health Education (PHE) be utilized by the family’s health team to think about the labour process in order to propose strategies of confrontation in natural disasters situations; how to sensitize and mobilize the family’s health teams to propose ways of confrontation of the natural disasters through the PHE; and which methodological strategies allow us to understand how the family’s health team may be able to face these events. The study’s general goal was to utilize the power of space of PHE, by a photographs workshop, aiming to understand how the family’s health team members face the natural disasters; and as its main goal, analyze the influence of PHE as a device used in the construction of strategies of confrontation against natural disasters by the family’s health teams. After the approval of the Committee of Ethics and Research of the Antônio Pedro University Hospital and the authorization of the department of health of Teresópolis municipality – RJ, a field work with a qualitative approach of Research-Action type was made. Methodological resources were also utilized, which are recommended by the Clinic of Activity and the photographic intervention perspective. The data were collected in two photograph workshops, also the participant observation was utilized during all the stages of the research. The participants were the professional who integrate two family’s health team and acted in different times in the Unity located in Vargem Grande, rural area of the Teresópolis municipality – RJ, which suffered floods in the year of 2012. With the development of the photograph workshops, besides the constant and intense PHE movement, the proposals for the confrontation of natural disasters started to arise, being assorted in four subcategories determined by the study: a) the necessity of partnerships with several services and sectors, including the community, in order to make a planning; b) the adoption of preventive measures; c) the necessity of leadership, to organize the functions of the health team, as well as orientate the community and d) theoretical and technical resources for the professionals, in order to make them more prepared for the action. Many difficulties, obstacles and hindrances for this confrontation have been pointed and some eases have been refered to. The PHE in this study showed great power and influence as an inducing device for the construction of confrontation strategies against the natural disasters, because it incited, allowed and made easier the expression of the subjects, making them able to reflect about their own practices and to propose new ways of working that follow the premises and goals of the PNEPS. The methodological resource of the photograph workshop made possible to empower the purpose of PHE, unleashing mechanisms for the production of subjectivities, auto analysis, auto suggestion, implication, thought and affection – experimentation. More than just the results of this study, these workshops were able to develop, relight, or make arise the power of action of these workers who saw themselves as being ruled out of a situation in which they are completely immersed and implied

No description available.

There is near unanimous agreement in the scientific community that global mean temperatures will increase by several degrees Celsius by the end of the century. This could lead to dramatic consequences, especially for the poor in the developing world. In many countries climate change will manifest itself through reduced rainfall, greater temperature variability, a rise in sea levels, and a higher frequency of weather shocks. These effects constitute threats to people’s ability to continue to live where they are living today, and more generally to their economic security, and may lead to higher levels of migration away from areas vulnerable to climate change.While environmental change may lead to an increase in migration, in most cases it may not be feasible to identify pure environmental migrants because of the complexity of the push and pull factors involved. The aim of this dissertation is to assess the extent to which households are vulnerable today to environmental change and weather shocks in selected areas of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and in South Asia’s Sundarbans, whether households are able to cope with weather shocks and adapt to changing environmental conditions, and whether climatic conditions and weather shocks are leading to higher rates of migration. The dissertation relies in large part on the analysis of new households surveys recently implemented in areas affected by weather shocks and changing climatic conditions in seven countries: Algeria, Bangladesh, Egypt, India, Morocco, Syria, and Yemen. While the MENA countries are affected mostly by droughts, and to a lower extent floods, the Sundarbans in Bangladesh and India are affected by cyclones, sea water surges, and salinity intrusions. The ways in which households are affected by extreme weather events are very different in the MENA and South Asia regions. Yet as the dissertation demonstrates, while circumstances and contexts differ between the two sets of countries, many of the findings are actually similar in both regions. The first part of the dissertation provides background for the empirical work. After a review of the literature, a set of 10 questions are asked together with hypotheses to be tested. The second part of the dissertation provides the empirical results, with three chapters focusing on (1) household perceptions about their environment and the impact of weather shocks on households; (2) the coping mechanisms and adaptation strategies deployed by households; and (3) migration decisions, in most cases by individual household members. The findings from the dissertation suggest that individuals from households more seriously and negatively affected by weather shocks and changes in their environment are slightly more likely to migrate temporarily, but not permanently. This is possibly due to the cost of migration and the fact that environmental change and weather shocks may result in large losses in income and assets for vulnerable groups, making migration less affordable for them. Thus, some population groups may well be in a situation of "relative trappedness" in comparison to other households less affected by weather shocks and changes in their environment._____________La communauté scientifique est quasi unanime sur le fait que les températures mondiales moyennes devraient augmenter de plusieurs degrés Celsius d'ici la fin du siècle. Cela pourrait avoir des conséquences dramatiques pour les populations, en particulier pour les pauvres dans les pays en voie de développement. Dans de nombreux pays le changement climatique va se manifester par une diminution des précipitations, une plus grande variabilité de la température, une élévation du niveau de la mer, et une fréquence plus élevée des chocs climatiques. Ces effets constituent des menaces pour la capacité des populations de continuer à vivre là où elles vivent aujourd'hui, ce qui pourrait par conséquent entraîner des mouvements migratoires importants.Cependant, même si les chocs climatiques pourraient mener à une augmentation de la migration, dans la plupart des cas il n’est pas possible d'identifier des migrants environnementaux dits purs en raison de la complexité des facteurs influençant la migration. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de la thèse est triple. La thèse cherche à évaluer (1) dans quelle mesure les ménages sont vulnérables aujourd'hui aux changements environnementaux et aux chocs climatiques dans certaines régions de l'Afrique du Nord, du Moyen-Orient, et de l’Asie du Sud (Sundarbans) ;(2) si les ménages sont en mesure de faire face aux chocs climatiques, et (3) si les conditions environnementales et les chocs climatiques conduisent à des taux de migration plus élevés parmi les membres des ménages les plus affectés comparativement aux ménages moins affectés. La thèse repose en partie sur une analyse de nouvelles données d’enquêtes auprès des ménages mises en œuvre dans des zones touchées par les chocs climatiques dans sept pays :l’Algérie, le Bangladesh, l’Egypte, l’Inde, le Maroc, la Syrie et le Yémen. Alors que les pays du Moyen Orient et d’Afrique du Nord sont touchés principalement par des sécheresses, et dans une moindre mesure par des inondations, la zone géographique dite des Sundarbans au Bangladesh et en Inde est touchée principalement par des cyclones.Bien que les chocs climatiques dans les deux régions soient différents, la thèse montre que les implications pour les ménages sont similaires. Les groupes vulnérables sont fortement et négativement affectés par les chocs climatiques et ils ne sont souvent pas capables de faire face et de s’adapter efficacement à ces chocs. De plus, il semble que les ménages les plus affectés n’aient pas de taux de migration permanente parmi leurs membres plus élevés que les ménages moins affectés, même si les taux de migration temporaire sont légèrement plus élevés. En ce sens, il apparait que les groupes vulnérables pourraient être en termes comparatifs pris au piège (« relative trappedness ») dans les zones vulnérables aux chocs climatiques comme d’autres études l’ont suggéré. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Malawi is one of the poorest countries in the world and suffers from recurring disasters but no ongoing conflicts. Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) working there must therefore take relief, rehabilitation, and development into account as shifting between these stages is the reality of the rights-holders. What approaches that should be used while doing this is unique in each context. The aid structure is however clearly divided between those working with relief and those working with development, and even though the conceptual development suggest that the aid structure should join there has been no change towards this. At the same time Result Based Management (RBM) as a principle for aid effectiveness has been heavily criticized for focusing on short term results, among others. This qualitative study has contributed to closing two research gaps; in identifying that Disaster Risk Reduction, Human Rights Based Approach, economic empowerment, and sustainable relief interventions are the approaches that CSOs in Malawi tend to focus on when working close to a community where there is a need to link relief, rehabilitation, and development (LRRD); and in identifying that not only can the pressure from a divided aid structure be blamed for the challenges facing CSOs implementing LRRD approaches, but RBM is also a contributing part. This results in CSOs being torn between accountability issues towards donors and staying legitimate towards rights-holders and that because of these challenges they cannot live up to their potential and provide the most effective aid. / Malawi är ett av de fattigaste länderna i världen och lider av återkommande katastrofer men inga pågående konflikter. Perioder av humanitära katastrofer, återuppbyggnad, och utveckling, skiftar och växlar fram och tillbaka i olika stadier och eftersom det är rättighetsbärarnas verklighet så är det också något civilsamhällsorganisationer som arbetar med olika typer av utvecklingssamarbete måste ta hänsyn till att. Vilka metoder som bör användas när organisationer arbetar i detta klimat är unikt för varje kontext. Biståndet är emellertid tydligt uppdelad mellan de som arbetar med humanitärt arbete och de som arbetar med utveckling, och trots att den konceptuella utvecklingen föreslår att biståndet bör kopplas samman så har det inte skett någon strukturell förändring. Samtidigt har resultatbaserat arbete som är en princip för biståndseffektivitet starkt kritiserats, bland annat för att det fokuseras för mycket på kortsiktiga resultat. Denna intervjubaserade studie har bidragit till att minska två forskningsgap; genom att identifiera att katastrofförebyggande arbete, rättighetsbaserat arbete, ekonomisk empowerment, och hållbara humanitära insatser som de tillvägagångssätt som civilsamhällesorganisationer i Malawi tenderar att fokusera på när de arbetar nära ett samhälle där det finns ett behov av att koppla samman humanitärt arbete med rehabilitering och utveckling (LRRD); och genom att identifiera att det inte bara är trycket från en uppdelad biståndsstruktur som förklarar de utmaningar som organisationer står inför när d arbetar med LRRD utan att resultatbaserat arbete också är en bidragande del. Lokala civilsamhällesorganisationer balanserar mellan ansvaret de har mot gentemot givare och legitimiteten de måste ha gentemot rättighetsinnehavare. I slutändan kan de på grund av dessa utmaningar inte leva upp till sin potential och tillhandahålla det mest effektiva stödet.

Dans un pays sahélien comme le Niger, l'espace social dédié à l'alimentaire est culturellement riche de savoirs. Pourtant, peu d'écrits font de ce constat un objet d'étude sociologiquement pertinent. La présente réflexion se donne pour tâche d'analyser la portée des déterminants culturels dans la survenance des famines. S'appuyant sur des matériaux de nature socio-anthropologiques, cette thèse met en exergue des problèmes de gouvernance pour expliquer le prégnance des crises de subsistance. Malgré le poids des facteurs culturels sous-tendant le modèle de consommation des Gouréens, il est intellectuellement risqué d'affirmer que les tabous alimentaires peuvent constituer des causes sérieuses de disettes dans cette partie du Niger confrontée à une succession de déficit de productions vivrières. Toutefois, notre contribution montre que ces interdits demeurent un élément amplificateur, surtout dans des milieux à forte croyance traditionnelle. La méthodologie utilisée tout au long de cette démarche se fonde sur des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives et prend appui sur divers outils de collecte comme les guides d'entretien semi-directifs, les focus groups et un questionnaire de type CAP (connaissance, attitudes, pratiques). / In a Sahelian country like Niger, the space dedicated to food is culturally rich for learnings. However, there are a few writings which make this as a valid sociologically subject of study. This reflection gives itself a taskto analyze the scope of cultural determinants in the occurence of famines. Based on socio-anthropological materials, this thesis highlights social governance to explain the salience of subsistence crises. Despite the weight of cultural factors underlying consumption model of the people in Goure, it is intellectually risky to assert that food taboos may constitute serious causes of food shortages in this part of Niger which faces a succession of food production deficit. However, our contribution shows that these taboos remain enhancing element, especially in high-traditional belief backgrounds. The methodology used in this approach is based on qualitative and quantitative methods using the following collection tools : semi-structured interview guides, focus groups and a questionnaire type KAP (knpwledge, attitudes, practices).

The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of evacuation from Hurricane Andrew in August of 1993 and subsequent relocation following the storm on the young children of six families from Homestead Air Force Base, Florida. Interviews were conducted over a three-month period; these were supplemented with samples of the children's drawings and observations of the children at play. The resulting case studies illustrate various coping strategies utilized by the six families to deal with the loss of home, goods, and community in the wake of the storm and the ways in which these impacted the young children in each family. Parental coping styles were an influence on the children's ability to make the adjustments necessary during this especially stressful transition.

Canada coordinates its responses to natural disasters abroad through implementing its ‘whole-of-government’ policy framework. The two largest natural disasters that struck in 2010 were the January earthquake in Haiti and the flooding in Pakistan seven months later. In contrast to the fast and robust earthquake relief provided to Haiti, Canada’s response to the Pakistan floods was minimal, especially when considering the extent of damage sustained. This dissertation applies a public administration lens to trace factors that led to the Government of Canada’s 2010 disaster-relief decisions. It develops a multi-level theoretical framework to holistically explore the role of problem-definition in shaping decision-making. It applies historical institutionalism at the macro level; recognizes the role of case-specific details and arenas at the meso level; and uses the logic of appropriateness to identify informal institutions affecting individual action at the micro level. Analysis of interviews, government documents and media coverage indicates that bureaucratic actors involved in the whole-of-government approach recognize that their role is ultimately removed from final disaster-relief decisions. There is an informal acceptance that political will, more than needs in the disaster-affected region, shapes implementation decisions. Consequently, technical assessment is inadvertently affected, and recommendations reflect what is deemed most in line with ministerial disposition to assist. The primary motivators for Government of Canada action are found to be the gaining of public support or the need to subdue targeted criticisms. Findings indicate that as a result of its media appeal, there was a strong incentive for the deployment of military assets in response to the earthquake in Haiti, even when doing so was not in the best interest of the affected region. Where Canada could respond only with non-military means, there was less incentive for action. This leads to supply-driven relief rather than a needs-based humanitarian response. With the developed theoretical framework, process-mapping and media analysis methodologies, and the actor-centred approach adopted, the dissertation makes theoretical and empirical contributions to existing public administration literature on decision-making and problem definition. It also presents a hitherto unexplored perspective on donor behaviour for consideration by international relations and development scholars.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-12T13:33:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Final JOSUÉ-PROPAD-2015.pdf: 2774754 bytes, checksum: e765c185831d7508d1b93a9c699551d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-12T13:33:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Final JOSUÉ-PROPAD-2015.pdf: 2774754 bytes, checksum: e765c185831d7508d1b93a9c699551d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-12 / CAPEs / Esta pesquisa analisou como os desastres naturais despertam ou desencadeiam a resiliência através do discurso dos envolvidos na reconstrução de uma cidade atingida por eventos extremos. Palmares foi escolhida por ser uma das cidades mais destruídas pelas enchentes que assolaram Pernambuco em 2010. A pesquisa revelou que cenários de instabilidades e crises são necessários para o despertar das mudanças, e é dentro deste contexto que a resiliência se evidencia, e que apesar de ser uma cidade historicamente atingida por enchentes, Palmares não era resiliente, mas os eventos extremos acontecidos em 2010 na cidade, contribuíram para uma revolução na estrutura de enfrentamento aos desastres. E embora sua resiliência tenha sido construída pelo Governo do Estado, os resultados apontaram que os instrumentos de Governança, através da resposta, Conhecimento, através da Capacidade de Aprender e Compreender os riscos, resultaram naquilo que a pesquisa chamou de resiliência adquirida, que foi a passagem de foco da Resposta para a Adaptação, ou seja, a cidade estabeleceu sua atuação na antecipação e prevenção aos desastres. O estudo também abordou como o Plano Nacional de Gestão de Risco e Resposta a Desastre Naturais foi significado pelo governo na mídia, mostrando que o Plano foi um marco histórico na questão de enfrentamento aos desastres no Brasil, mas que diante da crise dos últimos desastres ocorridos no país estabeleceu sua significação nos investimentos e na eficiência do Estado para responder aos anceios da população e não como um instrumento de inovação e resiliência como principal foco de atuação. / This research examined how natural disasters awaken or trigger resilience through the speech of those involved in the reconstruction of a city hit by extreme events. Palmares was chosen as one of the cities destroyed by the floods that ravaged Pernambuco in 2010. The survey revealed that instability and crisis scenarios are needed for the awakening of the changes, and it is within this context that resilience is evident, and that despite be a city historically hit by floods, Palmares was not resilient, but extreme events that happened in 2010 in the city, contributed to a revolution in the disaster coping structure. And although their resilience has been built by the State Government, the results indicated that the governance instruments, by replying, Knowledge, Learning through capacity and understand the risks, resulted in what the survey called acquired resilience, which was the focus Pass Answer for adaptation, that is, the city established its operations in anticipation and prevention of disasters. The study also addressed as the National Plan for Risk Management and Response to Natural Disaster was meant by the government in the media, showing that the Plan was a landmark in the matter of coping with disasters in Brazil, but before the crisis of the last disasters in the country established its significance in investments and state efficiency to respond to anceios of the population and not as an instrument of innovation and resilience as the main focus.

The purpose of the project was to develop a Web application using GIS data that would map addresses or coordinate information and then find any hazardous areas that may fall within a given distance to this location. The geographic area of this project covers the extent of cities San Bernardino, Redlands, and Yucaipa, California.

This thesis deal with improvement in bridge precision measurment deflection for Mostní a silniční Ltd. Its goal is through analysis of process of measurment and factor location, which have fundamental influence on measurment precision. First, theoretic part, represents the company, formulates problems and goals of thesis, history of bridges, world disasters, sort of bridges measurments, bridges evaluation and questions of giant transportation. In second, practical part, problems with measurment and its evaluation are described. Results are evaluated and corrective measures and recommendation are proposed in the final part.