<p>Detta examensarbete är utfört på AB ORWAK i Sävsjö. Företaget producerar balpressar som komprimerar kundernas avfall på ett säkert och smidigt sätt. Kunderna består enbart av andra företag. Arbetet är koncentrerat på endast sex utav företagets artiklar som ingår i olika grupper.För tillfället använder sig företaget utav inköpsmetoder som är baserade på intuition och erfarenhet. Syftet med arbetet har varit att beräkna olika partiformningar och beordringssystem på de sex olika artiklarna både med ett jämnt fördelat behov och med det verkliga fördelade behovet. Intervjuer, litteraturstudier och uppgifter från företagets databas har möjliggjort arbetets genomförande. Inköpsmetoderna har tagits fram med den breda litteraturstudien som stöd där gruppen har jämfört de olika inköpsmetoderna mot varandra.Resultatet visar vilken inköpsmetod som lämpar sig bäst för varje grupp. Det visar även hur stor kvantitet som ska köpas hem, när inleverans ska ske och hur stort säkerhetslagret ska vara för de sex olika artiklarna både för ett jämnt fördelat behov och för ett verkligt fördelat behov. Resultatet av beräkningarna visas i bilagorna.Beräkningarna på de sex olika artiklarna kan företaget använda som mall ifall de vill gå vidare med arbetet. A-klass artiklarna är de artiklar som först och främst bör ses över eftersom de är de dyraste artiklarna att köpa in och ta hand om. Vissa metoder kan inte användas på vissa artiklar i företaget pga. faktorer som volymvärde, behov, begräsningar i tid, resurser samt leverantörernas krav på minsta inköpskvantitet.</p>

Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Att ta ett hållbarhetsansvar blir allt viktigare för företag. Dagens konsumenter blir allt mer medvetna om den negativa påverkan deras konsumtion ger upphov till. Därmed ställs högre krav på företagen att ta ansvar genom hela försörjningskedjan. Ett verktyg för detta är Code of Conduct. Apoteken verkar inom läkemedelsbranschen, en bransch som karaktäriseras av komplexa försörjningskedjor. Då antalet apoteksaktörer sedan omregleringen år 2009 har ökat, ställer vi oss därmed frågan hur svenska apoteks arbete med Code of Conduct riktat mot leverantörer skiljer sig åt.    Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa Code of Conduct mot leverantören ur ett företagsperspektiv. Fokus kommer ligga på att analysera de tre utvalda apotekens arbete med Code of Conduct, gentemot den teoretiska referensramen samt apoteken sinsemellan. Innehållsmässiga skillnader i deras skriftliga Code of Conduct, drivkrafter och hur de arbetar med efterlevnad, är utvalda områden som kommer att studeras. Metod: Studien är en flerfallsstudie av kvalitativ art som antar ett positivistiskt synsätt. Forskningsansatsen är deduktiv med en teoretisk referensram som utgångspunkt till det empiriska materialet. Vidare har det empiriska materialet analyserat med hjälp av mönsterjämförelse. Slutsats: Studien har identifierat att det finns stora likheter i hur de tre utvalda apoteken arbetar med Code of Conduct. Innehållsmässigt är apotekens Code of Conduct i grunden relativt lika, men skiljer sig åt i detaljrikedom. Vad gäller drivkrafterna bakom varför apoteken arbetar med Code of Conduct, är det svårt att identifiera en gemensam anledning. Slutligen har identifierats att samtliga tre apotek arbetar snarlikt med efterlevnad, där de vanligaste tillvägagångssätten är audits och dokumentation.

Bakgrund: Uppförandekoder har blivit ett välkänt CSR-verktyg i Sverige sen slutet av 1990-talet, och det vanligaste sättet att säkerställa efterlevnaden är genom kontroller. Dock har det visat sig att kontrollerna ofta lyfter fram problem utan att tillhandahålla lösningar och att företag tenderar att agera reaktivt, särskilt inköpsavdelningen. Det pågår därför en diskussion om huruvida företag istället borde fokusera på grundproblemen och gå från krav och kontroller mot fördjupade engagemang, incitament och ett socialt ansvarsfullt agerande från inköpsavdelningen. Syfte: Detta examensarbetes syfte är att analysera hur de valda fallföretagen arbetar med efterlevnaden av uppförandekoder för leverantörer, förklara vilka faktorer som direkt och indirekt påverkar efterlevnaden samt sammanställa ett antal riktlinjer för hur företag i Sverige kan arbeta med uppförandekoder i framtiden. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsansats med utgångspunkt i det realistiska perspektivet. Det är en komparativ flerfallsstudie där vi genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra fallföretag insamlat empirisk data som vi analyserat och jämfört med hjälp av vår teoretiskt framtagna analysmodell. Slutsats: Strategin med fokus på långa samarbeten, utbildning och utveckling samt incitament som rekommenderas för att få ett lyckat utfall av uppförandekoden återfinns i mycket liten skala hos fallföretagen. Företagen använder sig fortfarande främst av krav och kontroller, men små tendenser mot den rekommenderade strategin börjar visa sig. / Background: Since the end of the 1990’s, code of conducts has become a well-known tool for managing CSR in Swedish companies, and the most common way to ensure compliance is through monitoring. Although, studies have shown that monitoring is mostly raising the issues without providing any sustainable solutions. Companies tend to be reactive, especially the purchasing department. For that reason, there is an ongoing discussion suggesting that companies should focus on the root causes instead, leave the monitoring behind and use greater commitment, incentives and socially responsible actions from the purchasing department. Aim: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how our chosen companies are working with the compliance of their code of conduct for suppliers, explain which elements that directly and indirectly affect the compliance and compile a guideline for how companies in Sweden can work with their code of conducts in the future. Methodology: This study has a qualitative research approach and a realistic perspective. It is a comparative multiple case study where we through semi-structured interviews with four companies have collected empirical data which we analyzed and compared using our theoretical analysis model. Conclusion: The strategy that focus on durable collaborations, education, training and incentives that is recommended in order to achieve a successful outcome of the code of conduct is found in a very small scale among the case companies. Companies are still mostly using requisites and controls, but there is a small tendency towards the recommended strategy.

The study researches how small Swedish businesses are currently working with sustainable development and the obstacles and opportunities experienced regarding environmental work. Furthermore, it determines whether the work with sustainable development within procuring processes can be standardized in a simple and effective way. The data collected through a questionnaire and interview survey shows that the majority of surveyed businesses work with environmental issues in a rather unfocused way, but show an interest of development within the area. An improvement proposal containing four operating points, is designed as a tool to get started with standardized environmental work. The proposal encourages businesses to mutually design a framework for environmental work that sets common goals and develops guidelines to be followed. / Studien undersöker hur mindre svenska verksamheter i dagsläget arbetar med hållbar utveckling samt vilka hinder och möjligheter dessa verksamheter ser med miljöarbete. Vidare undersöks huruvida arbetet med hållbar utveckling kan standardiseras på ett enkelt och effektivt sätt inom inköpsdelen. Datat har samlats in via en enkät- och intervjuundersökning och visar att majoriteten av undersökta verksamheter arbetar med miljöfrågor på ett tämligen ofokuserat sätt men visar ett intresse för utveckling inom området. Ett förbättringsförslag i form av fyra arbetspunkter utformas som hjälpmedel för att komma igång med standardiserat miljöarbete. Förslaget innebär att verksamheter tillsammans ritar upp en ram för miljöarbete dvs sätter upp gemensamma mål och utformar riktlinjer som skall följas.

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyzes how the bookmobile librarians approach to purchase and selection and the range of views that may exist. The study is based on a qualitative method using a document study and three interviews included. The document study looking closely at public libraries library plans in Vastra Gotalands county. The qualitative interviews gets a closer look at librarians´approach regarding the purchase and selection and also if there are any similarities or differences between mobile library activities versus the main library.The theoretical framework is based on Sanna Taljas study where she has identified three different perspectives on the library´s music department. These are categorized as the interpretative repertoires and involves three categories of approach to quality. These are the general education repertoire, the alternative repertoire and the demand repertoire.The result of this study shows that librarians have a strong user focus when it comes to purchase and selection. They assume and takes into account all three perspectives of which the demand-driven approach seems to be the most dominant in the mobile library. The bookmobile and the main library seem to complement each other in a good way. The document study shows that mobile library activities is rarely highlighted in library plans. / Program: Bibliotekarie

The aim of this thesis is to investigate how purchasingmanagers in bookshops and public librarians reason withregards to their selection of fiction literature. Nineinterviews have been conducted in this qualitative studymade in the spring of 2013; four librarians, four bookmerchants, as well as a market director of a major chain ofbookstores. Our focus has been particularly directed toascertaining what influence the cultural-political mission oflibraries have had on the process of selection, as well as theextent to which factors such as demand and quality play apart in both organizations. We have been interested inseeing how libraries and bookstores compare with regards tothese factors, because of obvious differences in their goalsand purposes. Librarians see both the benefits and flaws intheir way of working, as well as in the way in whichbookstores conduct their business, and vice versa, that theyare often successful in cooperating, like when arrangingvisits from authors etc. Bibliotekstjänst, purchasesuggestions from users, the librarians own proposals are thesources for the libraries’ selection. The decisions are madewith respect to quality, content and public value. The userinfluence have increased, and the users’ satisfaction factor ishighly important. The book merchants were sometimescontrolled from the head offices in their selection, but hadthe freedom of buying books from local authors, and thecustomers demand also had an influence. They have incommon that their selection is highly influenced by themedia. / Program: Bibliotekarie

In the autumn of 2012 a debate started in Swedish media about racial stereotypes and content in children&apos;s literature. Some voices wanted to weed out titles such as Tintin i Kongo (Tintin in the Congo) and the character Lilla hjärtat from Liten Skär och alla Brokiga (Little Pink &amp; Brokiga), while others claimed that it was against our freedom of speech. In this essay I intend to interview librarians to find out if and how the debate has affected their work with purchase and weeding. I will also analyze their purchase policy to find out if it mentions racism and how the policies are applied in practice. As theory I&apos;m using Strömbergs theory regarding three aspects of racism and Klassons theory about three different kinds of librarian roles. Do the librarians take the guardian role, the dialog role or the marketing model? / Program: Bibliotekarie

The aim with this master thesis is to study which ambitions and strategic aims Gothenburg’s district libraries have regarding their music sections. I have utilized my theory from Sanna Talja, a Finnish researcher in Library and Information Science. She identifies three perspectives in maintaining a music library. She calls them, general education, alternative and demand. I have performed a qualitative study, in interviewing ten librarians responsible for the music section at the district libraries. The results, from analysing, the interviews were discussed in relationship to Taljas research findings. Thereby, I could easily distinguish each libraries working methods at the music section and link them to Taljas perspectives. The conclusion of this study is that there are just a few libraries, in my material, who express that they have guidelines to follow and strategic aims to work toward. It was also shown that few of those responsible for the music sections had a strong interest in music. This lack of interest can also be translated into deficiency in competency. It can be assumed that this played a role in the way two libraries stagnated when it came to purchasing new music. Furthermore this study shows that quality is not considered very important when the libraries buy in music. Another conclusion from the study is that the libraries show low levels of knowledge on local users. Rhetorically, librarians stated that their knowledge of users was large. However, none of them have researched their local inhabitants on a deeper level. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The aim of this study is to investigate librarians’ opinions about books supported by the government and delivered for free to the main public libraries in every community. The study is also investigating how the governmentally supported books affect the process of buying books for the public libraries and how the librarians think about quality and mediation in the acquisition. The analysis is based upon interviews with six librarians that are responsible for the purchasing at five main libraries in small communities in the South of Sweden. The results from the interviews are discussed and analyzed from the perspective of mediation. Two authors who focus on this theory are the Norwegians Jofrid Karner Smidt and Åse Kristine Tveit. Smidt has done her own investigation among the staff at Norwegian libraries and Tveit is presenting a model with four types of intermediary. Some of these types have been found in the results of this investigation. The interviews show that the librarians have very different opinions concerning the governmentally supported books, but no one is all positive or all negative. None of the respondents are very anxious to mediate a certain book or a certain type of books; their main concern is that people read in the first place. The main things that are affecting the decisions in the process of buying books are inquiries from the borrowers and the governmentally supported books are having very little influence in the process. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The aim of this thesis is to examine how librarians are workingwith the selection and purchase of feature films in Swedish publiclibraries. I was interested in examining the underlying reasonsbehind the selections. I chose to focus on how librarians areworking and reason about the library´s film collection.The purpose of my study is to answer the following questions:• How are librarians working with selection and purchase offeature films in the public library?• What factors motivate librarians´ selection of featurefilms?• What do librarians reason about the public library filmcollection?To answer these questions I performed interviews with sevenlibrarians in five different public libraries. The results of theinterviews have been analyzed on the basis of the theories andtheoretical model of Sanna Talja. I used a translated and modifiedversion of Talja´s model in my analysis.Results showed that the economy was a factor influencing theselection and purchases of films. The accessibility to the films wasanother factor that influenced the librarians. Librarians can onlypurchase films with licenses that can be lent to borrowers.Librarians have to purchase films from the contracted sources.Most of the librarians strive to that the library should have a variedfilm collection. They buy both old films as classics but also morerecent films. Some also buy narrower films as an alternative to thecommercial films / Program: Bibliotekarie