Our research is based on data triangulation methodology by which we are going to answer the question with a combination of two elements: the design and development in combination with life cycle perspective according to ISO 14001:2015 and organization consider the life cycle perspective when they design and develop their products, in a modified form introducing many new aspects of life-cycle thinking. This Master’sthesis aims to discuss the Sustainability approach through the use of Environmental Management Standards (EMS), the results achieved by organizations that implement and certify those EMS, and a special focus on the current process of ISO 14001:2015 revision and the logic behind it. Revisiting the concept of Sustainability, the status of the International Organization for Standardization 14001, requirements that related to that life cycle perspective in ISO 14001:2015, eco-design, circular economy and its expected outcomes are discussed. The ISO 14001:2015 revision will have major impacts on the more than 300,000 worldwide certified organizations and on the many professionals that work with it. Analysis of the development of a sustainability portfolio within a globally-operating manufacturing company, we came different illustrate the kinds of life cycle work involved in dealing with activities and interests, connecting activities and interests into action-nets, performing life cycle practices, and spreading the life cycle idea. Finally, we discuss implications of life cycle work for research in the field of organization and management studies and questions related to the topic with quality engineers within the organization.

Das Equine Metabolische Syndrom (EMS) beschreibt einen Cluster von metabolischen Störungen, die durch Adipositas, Insulinresistenz und Hufrehe im Zusammenhang stehen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Einfluss einer achtwöchigen oralen Supplementierung von Chrom, Metformin beziehungsweise von einer Kombination aus Chrom und Metformin auf die Insulinsensitivität und die Glukosetoleranz bei adipösen Pferden und Ponys zu untersuchen. Für diese Studie standen 24 Pferde und Ponys (14,4 ± 3,87 Jahre, 14 Stuten und 10 Wallache) mit Adipositas, Insulinresistenz und Hufrehe zur Verfügung. Während der achtwöchigen Versuchsphase bekamen die Tiere eine Heuration (1,5 kg Heu/100 kg Körpermasse (KM)) und zweimal täglich das ihnen zugewiesene Supplement (Chrom: 25 µg/kg KM, Metformin: 15 mg/kg KM, Chrom+Metformin: 25 µg/kg KM Chrom + 15 mg/kg KM Metformin in jeweils 25 g Grünmehl/100 kg KM) verabreicht. Eine vierte Gruppe erhielt als Placebo 25 g Grünmehl/100 kg KM ohne Supplement. Vor Versuchsbeginn und nach Versuchsende durchliefen die Pferde und Ponys, an zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen, nach jeweils einer zwölfstündigen Fastenperiode einen kombinierten Glukose-Insulin-Toleranztest (KGIT) zur Bestimmung der Insulinsensitivität und einen oralen Glukose-Toleranz-Test (OGTT) zur Bestimmung der Glukoseabsorption und -toleranz. Im Verlauf des Versuchszeitraums konnte bei den Pferden ein durchschnittlicher Gewichtsverlust von 2,77 ± 2,99 % verzeichnet werden (Behandlung p > 0,05). Beim OGTT zeigte sich keine signifikante Veränderung der Glukose- und Insulinreaktionen zwischen Versuchsbeginn und Versuchsende. Die Seruminsulinmaximalwerte der mit Metformin und der mit Chrom+Metformin supplementierten Gruppen waren nach der Versuchszeit numerisch gesunken (Metformin Versuchsbeginn: 452 ± 642 µU/ml, Versuchsende: 202 ± 121 µU/ml; Chrom+Metformin Versuchsbeginn: 388 ± 347 µU/ml, Versuchsende: 342 ± 164 µU/ml, Behandlung p > 0,05). Im KGIT zeigten sich bei den Glukosewerten keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Behandlungsgruppen und zwischen den Werten vor Versuchsbeginn und nach Versuchsende. Die Seruminsulinkonzentrationen lagen im KGIT vor Versuchsbeginn bei allen Probanden zum Zeitpunkt Minute 45 über 100 µU/ml. Somit gelten alle Versuchsteilnehmer per definitionem als insulinresistent. Nach den acht Wochen Supplementierung befanden sich beim KGIT zum Zeitpunkt Minute 45, mit Ausnahme eines Probanden aus der Chrom+Metformin-Gruppe, alle Seruminsulinwerte weiterhin >100 µU/ml. Somit sind die übrigen 23 Pferde und Ponys weiterhin als insulinresistent einzustufen. Weder Chrom, noch Metformin oder die Kombination von Chrom+Metformin konnte in den hier im Versuch angewandten Dosierungen die Insulinsensitivität und Glukosetoleranz der erkrankten Pferde und Ponys verbessern.:1 Einleitung 1 2 Literaturübersicht 2 2.1 Das Equine Metabolische Syndrom (EMS) 2 2.1.1 Definition 2 2.1.1.1 Adipositas 3 2.1.2 Diagnostische Methoden 6 2.1.3 Beeinflussung der Insulinresistenz und der Adipositas 12 3 Material und Methode 23 3.1 Versuchsziel 23 3.2 Versuchsaufbau 23 3.3 Vorversuch 23 3.4 Versuchstiere 24 3.5 Versuchsdurchführung 24 3.5.2 Fütterung 25 3.5.3 Gruppeneinteilung 26 3.5.4 Oraler Glukosetoleranztest vor und nach der Supplementierungsphase 26 3.5.5 Kombinierter Glukosetoleranztest vor und nach der Supplementierungsphase 27 3.5.6 Scoring 28 3.5.7 Wägung 29 3.6 Analysen 29 3.6.1 Vorversuch 29 3.6.2 Hauptversuch 30 3.7 Statistik 31 4 Ergebnisse 33 4.1 Einschlusskriterien 33 4.2 Hauptversuch 34 4.2.1 Gesundheitszustand der Pferde und Ponys 34 4.2.2 Gewichtsentwicklung der Pferde und Ponys 35 4.2.4 Blutparameter 36 5 Diskussion 54 5.1 Kritik der Methoden 54 5.2 Diskussion der Ergebnisse 58 5.2.1 Effekte der vier verschiedenen Supplementierungen auf die Insulinsensitivität 58 5.3 Abschließende Betrachtung 61 6 Zusammenfassung 63 7 Summary 65 8 Literaturverzeichnis 67 9 Anhang 79

and key words Rynešová, K. (2018). Profession requirements of Emergency medical dispatcher. Master Thesis. Prague: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Arts, Department of psychology. This master's thesis dedicated to the emergency medical services (EMS) call dispatchers as a rather neglected group of healthcare workers. The main focus is put on the profession requirements of this professionally endangered group. Theoretical part of the thesis describes professional problems with an emphasis on psychological phenomena, which are closely related to this profession. There is described both the work of the EMS call dispatcher, the qualification requirements, working environment, types of calls and the specifics of communication on the 155 Czech national emergency line. The social competences are also discussed as factors related to the handling of the given occupational burden. Thesis also describes negative phenomena that may occur as a result of long-term occupational workload such as stress, burnout syndrome and posttraumatic stress reaction, which are associated with key social competencies that make it easier to manage. In the empirical part of the thesis, quantitative research is being carried out. It is focused on the identification of specific key social competences that allow effective...

Syfte – Syftet med studien är att skapa ett underlag för små företag som ska implementera ISO 14001, genom att undersöka och identifiera kritiska faktorer samt lösningar för att överkomma dessa. Resultatet av studien kommer sedan användas för att skapa ett ramverk till små företag när de implementerar miljöledningssystemet ISO 14001:2015. Metod – För att nå studiens syfte, har en litteratursökning utförts för att etablera ett teoretiskt ramverk. Syftet med detta var att identifiera kritiska faktorer när en implementering av ISO 14001:2015 utförs. En fallstudie har även utförts på ett tillverkande företag för att kunna samla in empiriska data. Metoderna som har använts i studien är intervjuer, enkäter och observationer. Den empiriska data och det teoretiska ramverket jämfördes och analyserades för att svara på studiens syfte och frågeställningar. Resultat – I det teoretiska ramverket och fallstudien, identifierades fem kritiska faktorer; kunskap och kompetens, involvering av anställda, resurser, identifiering av miljömål och företagets miljöpåverkan och företagskultur. Engagemanget från ledningen på företaget identifierades även som en kritisk faktor, men var starkt kopplat till kunskap och kompetens. Faktorn valdes därför att inkluderas i kunskap och kompetens. För att överkomma dessa, identifierades lösningar till dem kritiska faktorerna. Resultatet av lösningarna var att alla kritiska faktorer har en stark korrelation med varandra och att lösningarna var liknande. Träning och utbildning av dem anställda var en nyckel-lösning för att lösa dem kritiska faktorerna. Implikationer – Studien kan användas som ett ramverk och bidra som underlag till små företag som vill implementera ISO 14001:2015. Studien har identifierat kritiska faktorer vid implementeringen och hur man överkommer dessa, oavsett vilken bransch som företagen arbetar i, vilket gör att studien kan användas av olika typer av företag. Begränsningar – Eftersom restriktionerna som samhället har satt på grund av COVID19 pandemin, har antalet observationer och intervjuer blivit begränsade. Detta har vidare påverkat trovärdigheten på studien negativt. Fler observationer och intervjuer hade gett ett mer trovärdigt resultat. / Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine and identify critical factors as well as solutions to overcome these. The results will then be used to create a framework for small businessesto use when implementing the environmental management system ISO 14001:2015. Method – To reach the purpose of this study, a literature review has been conducted in order to establish a theoretical framework. The purpose of the theoretical frameworks was to identify critical factors when implementing ISO 14001:2015. A case study has also been conducted on a manufacturing company in order to collect empirical data. The methods used in the case study were interviews, surveys and observations. The empirical data and the theoretical framework were later compared and analysed to answer the study’s purpose and research questions. Findings – In the theoretical framework and the case study, five critical factors were identified: knowledge and competence, involvement of employees, resources, identifying environmental goals and the company’s environmental impact and corporate culture. The commitment of the senior management was also identified as a critical factor, but was strongly related to knowledge and competence, and therefore it was included in that critical factor. To overcome the critical factors, solutions to each critical factor was identified. With all the solutions identified, it was concluded that all the critical factors are strongly related. Furthermore, the solutions to overcome the critical factors were similar, where training and education of employees was a key solution to overcome the critical factors. Implications – The study can be used as a framework and provide help for small business that want to implement ISO 14001:2015. The study has identified critical factors in the implementation and how to overcome these, regardless of the area that companies work within and can therefore be used by different types of companies. Limitations – Because of the restrictions in the society following the COVID-19 pandemic, the amount of observations and interviews that should have been conducted was limited and therefore the credibility of the study was affected in a negative way. More observations and interviews would have given a more credibly result.

With the hot topic of the climate change effects a desperate change is needed in the world ofthe national and global industry. A good start is an environmental management system, EMS.The main focus of the on-going process of an EMS is to organise the company’s work, to decrease the use of raw materials and energy, and to severely reduce pollutions to air, water and land. The EMS is a part of a sustainable development and a valuable tool for everyindustry who wants to better their image and keeping environmental concerned customers. Asia and Thailand are growing markets where SME and large-scale industries have started tointroduce ISO standards. The top management of these organisations have opened their eyes to the demand of the clients regarding less environmental impact from their products and services. The motive for this study, carried out as an MFS is to get an insight of the Thai industries and how well they have implemented their EMS. / www.ima.kth.se

Introduktion: Adekvat andning är grundläggande för liv. Att kunna utföra luftvägshantering är därför en kunskap sjuksköterskan måste besitta. I regionen där studien genomförts kan anestesisjuksköterskeresurs medfölja ambulans vid larm om andnings- eller luftvägsproblematik. Denna resurs har tidigare nyttjats per automatik från larmcentral, men har nu övergått till att nyttjas först på ambulanspersonalens begäran. Hur denna förändring upplevs av sjuksköterskan i ambulansen är tidigare inte undersökt. Syfte: Belysa sjuksköterskan i ambulansens upplevelse av luftvägshantering samt upplevelsen av stöd från anestesisjuksköterskan prehospitalt. Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie som analyserades med induktiv innehållsanalys. Femton semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes på en ambulansavdelning i södra Sverige. Deltagarna var sjuksköterskor aktivt verksamma inom ambulanssjukvården. Resultat: Sjuksköterskan i ambulansen upplevde generellt trygghet i luftvägshantering efter som det övas frekvent. Anestesisjuksköterskans stöd var dock viktigt vid avancerad luftvägshantering. Rutinförändringen, gällande att anestesisjuksköterska endast medföljde på ambulanspersonalens begäran, upplevdes av sjuksköterskan i ambulansen som positivt. Detta skapade fler tillfällen att få möjlighet till luftvägshantering vilket i sin tur skapade ökad trygghet. En annan positiv upplevelse av rutinförändringen var att anestesisjuksköterskeresursen nu kunde nyttjas när den verkligen behövdes. Få tillfällen för samövning mellan anestesisjuksköterskan och sjuksköterskan i ambulansen upplevdes av sjuksköterskan i ambulansen ej ge personlig kännedom för anestesisjuksköterskan, vilket i sin tur påverkade teamkänslan. Deltagarna menade även att det ofta var ”extra händer” som efterfrågades istället för viss kompetens. Slutsats: Luftvägshantering kräver regelbunden övning för att upprätthålla kompetens och känsla av trygghet. Anestesisjuksköterskan bör dock fortsatt finnas att tillgå som stöd vid avancerad luftvägshantering. Rätt resurs ska användas vid rätt tillfälle, vilket sjuksköterskan i ambulansens ansvarar för att så sker. För att möjliggöra en god teamkänsla inom vårdteamet krävs samövning och personlig kännedom. / Introduction: Adequate breathing is essential for life. Being able to perform airway management is therefore a knowledge the nurse must possess. Within the prehospital care in the region the study is carried out there is an anesthesia nurse resource in the event of respiratory problems. This resource has previously been used automatically from dispatch, but now this resource is only used on request from the ambulance staff. How this change is experienced by the nurse in the ambulance has not been investigated earlier. Purpose: Illuminate the nurse in the ambulance’s experience of airway management and the experience of support from the anesthesia nurse prehospital. Method: Qualitative interview study that was analysed with inductive content analysis. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted in an ambulance department in southern Sweden. The participants were nurses with an active employment in ambulance care. Result: The nurse in the ambulance generally felt comfortable in airway management as it was frequently practiced. However, the support of the anesthesia nurse was important in advanced airway management. The routine change, regarding the fact that the anesthesia nurse was only included at the request of the ambulance staff, was perceived by the nurse in the ambulance as positive. This created more opportunities for airway management, which in return increased confidence. Another positive experience of the routine change was that the anesthesia nurse resource could now be used when it was really needed. Few opportunities for joint practice between the anesthesia nurse and the nurse in the ambulance were experienced by the nurse in the ambulance as not giving personal knowledge to the anesthesia nurse, which in return affected the team spirit. The participants also said that it was often ”extra hands” that they requested instead of certain skills. Conclusion: Airway management requires regular practice to maintain competence and confidence. However, the anesthesia nurse should continue to be available, as support for advanced airway management. The correct resource must be used in the right situation, which the nurse in the ambulance is responsible for ensuring. To enable a good team spirit within the care team, joint practice and personal knowledge are required.

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The strand similarity and inclusion removal capability are two critical parameters to measure the performance of multi-strand tundish in clean steel production. In this work, the effect of two flow regulators, i.e., Flow Control Devices (FCD) and Electromagnetic Stirring (EMS) on eight-strand tundish performance have been investigated by establishing a water model and conducting numerical simulations of water model. The water model was focused on revealing the effect of stirring while the simulation was employed to investigate the effect of two FCDs, namely baffle wall and turbo-stopper. The analysis of strand similarity and inclusion removal were conducted by analyzing flow characteristics derived from Combined Model of Residence Time Distribution (RTD) curve and observing the flow movement in the tundish model. In addition, the tundish capability to remove inclusions was also studied by injecting inclusion particles using Discrete Phase Model (DPM) in ANSYS Fluent. Experiment results cause the Combined Model needs to be modified. This modification was employed when analyzing tundish configuration involving stirring. By using the modified Combined Model, the stirring can significantly increase the well-mix volume to almost 100% as it annihilates dead zone. The stirring also increases the similarity between strands and makes the RTD curve more similar to ideal mixing curve.  However, the problem of short-circuiting flow need to be solved and care should be taken into consideration regarding the selection of stirring direction as well as bath surface condition when implementing EMS in reality. The simulation results show that the addition of baffle wall and turbo-stopper are beneficial to improve mixing as well as to avoid the short-circuiting flow. Furthermore, compared to individual FCD, the combination of baffle wall and turbo-stopper results in the best performance to remove inclusions by providing surface-directed flow and generating a higher plug flow.

In recent years, the general awareness of the environmental impacts that industrial production gives rise to has radically increased throughout the world. Finding ways to minimise these impacts has become a major concern of the authorities in many countries. In order to promote a more sustainable industrial production, different incentives can be used. Among these incentives, the consideration of environmental issues in public procurement is increasingly being emphasised. While much attention regarding sustainable procurement has centred on the purchase of products, this thesis focuses on green procurement of construction contracts. The construction industry is a major contributor to environmental pollution. It consumes about half of all resources humans take from nature and accounts for about 25 – 40 per cent of all energy used and about 30 – 50 per cent of all waste generated in OECD countries. In the procurement of products, the environmental impacts of the available products can be estimated and compared, for example by using tools such as life cycle assessments. When construction contracts are procured, assessing the suppliers’ environmental capabilities can be more challenging, as the contract to be procured has not yet been performed. However, at the same time, there are considerably more opportunities to steer the construction towards more environmentally friendly alternatives. In the thesis, it is suggested that the environmental requirements and the environmental criteria for tender evaluation should be used in combination, in order to safeguard environmental performance in the construction project and at the same time stimulate a green development within the industrial sector. In addition, the role of the client in ensuring that the environmental requirements are fulfilled during construction work is emphasised. / QC 20101125