Skollagen reglerar inte hur dokumentation av extra anpassningar genomförs. Detta beslut fattas av rektor eller skolhuvudman på varje enskild skola. Denna valfrihet kan leda till skillnader i hur dokumentationen utförs vilket i slutänden kan påverka likvärdigheten för elever. Skolinspektionens granskning av skolans arbete med extra anpassningar visar att det finns svårigheter att dokumentera på ett ändamålsenligt sätt (Skolinspektionen, 2016). Syftet med den här studien var att skapa kunskap om hur dokumentation av extra anpassningar kan påverka likvärdigheten för elever genom att studera hur några skolor arbetar med att dokumentera extra anpassningar. Med en kvantitativ metodansats och ett målstyrt urval genomfördes en webbaserad enkätundersökning i fyra grundskolor i två kommuner. Enkätsvaren sammanställdes med hjälp av ett digitalt enkätverktyg. Resultatet analyserades med stöd i Rawls teori om rättvisa och tidigare forskning inom området. En slutsats som dragits är att dokumentationen av extra anpassningar inte utförs likvärdigt. Studien visar även på att riktlinjer och rutiner gällande dokumentation av extra anpassningar fortfarande behöver utvecklas för att säkra likvärdigheten för eleverna.

This thesis provides theoretical resources for the design of a new bioinformatics tool for transposon annotation with focus on their additional structural elements. There is a biological description of transposons, the mobile elements in DNA, their classification and structure. It further deals with the overview and classification of available transposon identification and annotation bioinformatics tools, description of function and implementation of a select few. Next we state the scheme of a new bioinformatics tool for LTR retrotransposon identification and annotation with a focus on extra ORFs and tandem repeats. The functionality of this new tool was tested on the A. thaliana genome. We identified 95 groups of conserved extra ORFs and 10 groups of conserved tandem repeats.

The goal of the diploma thesis is prepare a technical study of I/23 – bypass Zakřan. Village is situated in South-moravia region. Village is located 25km western from region city Brno. The goal of the study is find the best variant, which passes southest of the village Zakřany. At the same time it was required to avoid wooded areas. The final variant, which came up from two other draft, passes through agricultural territory. The concideration has been taken to land use plan of villages during a projection.

No description available.

La musique a le pouvoir d’exprimer ce qui est latent dans d’autres formes d’art, comme elle peut aussi transcender et ajouter d’autres niveaux de signification au texte d’une chanson. Mais seules les illustrations peuvent encapsuler une scène au cœur de la musique. Dans ce mémoire, j’explore différents moyens musicaux dont dispose le compositeur pour mettre en musique son interprétation d’une œuvre picturale. Cette œuvre est, par définition, privée de la dimension temporelle. Si, pour le peintre Eugène Delacroix, « Le véritable but du peintre est de nous faire prendre part à l’intensité de l’instant », la musique, elle, ne peut être appréciée et laisser sa trace sur nous qu’en fonction du temps qu’elle prend pour se déployer. Conséquemment, une question a nourri ma réflexion : sous quels angles et selon quels critères d’analyse puis-je aborder une œuvre picturale afin d’en tirer des constats qui pourront, par la suite, servir de support à la création de ma musique? Je tente de répondre à mon questionnement en approchant l’interprétation d’une illustration par quatre avenues possibles : réaliste ou descriptive, impressionniste, narrative et, finalement, par association stylistique entre le medium illustratif et le medium musical. Pour le besoin de mon étude, j’ai composé trois œuvres basées sur sept illustrations : 1) Tableaux Montmartre. Suite symphonique inspirée de Tableaux d’une exposition de Modeste Moussorgski et dont le support illustratif consiste en cinq toiles représentant le Montmartre par cinq peintres différents : Charles Malle, Armand Lourenço, Kees Van Dongen, Eugène Paul (Gen-Paul) et Georges Braque. 2) Lumière fossile. Poème symphonique ayant comme source d’inspiration une photographie du cosmos prise par le télescope spatial Planck. 3) Tennis Duet. Pièce à forme variable pour piano seul ayant comme source d’inspiration extra-musicale une photographie d’Arnold Schoenberg jouant au tennis. / Music has the power to express what may be latent in other art-forms, just as it may transcend and add new layers of meaning to the text set in a song. But only the illustrations themselves can actually encapsulate the scene, character or item at the heart of the music. In this thesis, I explore the different musical means available to the composer to set his interpretation of a pictorial work to music. This work is, by definition, deprived of the temporal dimension. If, for the painter Eugène Delacroix, « The true goal of the painter is to make us take part in the intensity of the moment », music can be appreciated and leave its mark on us only according to the time it takes to deploy. Consequently, a question nurtured my reflection: From what angles and according to what criteria of analysis can I approach a pictorial work in order to draw observations that could subsequently serve as a support for the creation of my music? I try to answer these questions by approaching the interpretation of an illustration through four possible avenues: Realist or descriptive, impressionist, narrative and, finally, by a stylistic transfer from the illustrative medium to the musical medium. For the purposes of my study, I composed three works based on seven illustrations : 1) Tableaux Montmartre. Symphonic piece inspiered by Pictures at an exhibition by Modest Moussorgsky and whose illustrative support consists of five canvases representing Montmartre by five different painters: Charles Malle, Armand Lourenço, Kees Van Dongen, Eugène Paul (Gen-Paul) and Georges Braque. 2) Lumière fossile. Symphonic poem inspired by a photograph of the cosmic radiation taken by the Planck space telescope 3) Tennis Duet. Piece, whose structural form may vary, for solo piano inspired by a photograph of Arnold Schoenberg playing tennis.

Orientador: Ana Maria Klein / Resumo: No Brasil, as violações aos Direitos Humanos são cotidianas e ocorrem em diferentes âmbitos sociais, pela omissão ou negligência do Estado na promoção de direitos, pelas instituições que muitas vezes não reconhecem os direitos das pessoas, ou nas relações interpessoais que se pautam pelas violências e desrespeito à dignidade humana. Tais violações ocorrem em um contexto de ignorância e preconceito em relação a este conjunto de direitos que deveriam ser enfrentados por meio de ações educativas. A mídia é reconhecida como um importante agente de educação informal pelos principais documentos que orientam a Educação em Direitos Humanos no Brasil. Neste sentido, o presente estudo problematiza a abordagem dos Direitos Humanos pelos telejornais brasileiros. O trabalho está estruturado em forma de artigos que buscam responder conceitualmente e empiricamente ao seguinte problema: como os Direitos Humanos são abordados em telejornais das televisões abertas do Brasil? A abordagem empírica do problema se dá no continum qualitativo-quantitativo e as técnicas utilizadas foram pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e análise de conteúdo. Foram analisados cinco telejornais: SBT Brasil (SBT), Jornal da Record (Record), Jornal Nacional (Rede Globo), Jornal da Cultura (TV Cultura) e Brasil Urgente (Band). Os dados foram avaliados por meio de uma ficha de análise e categorização das matérias. Os resultados encontrados demonstram ausência de informações ou menções aos Direitos Humanos, embor... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In Brazil, human rights violations are commonplace and occur in different social spheres, by the State's omission or negligence in promoting rights, by institutions that often do not recognize people's rights, or in interpersonal relationships that are guided by violence and disrespect for human dignity. Such violations occur in a context of ignorance and prejudice in relation to this set of rights that should be faced by educational actions. The media is an important agent of informal education by the main documents that guide Human Rights Education in Brazil. In this sense, the present study problematizes the approach to Human Rights by Brazilian news programs. We structured this work in the form of articles that address the bibliographic review and the analysis of the collected data. The problem approach is in the qualitative-quantitative continuum and the techniques used were bibliographic research, documentary research and content analysis. We evaluated the data using an analysis and categorization sheet. The results found demonstrate the absence of information or mention of Human Rights, although all the matters relates with some of these rights. The news programs do not name or identify Human Rights, contributing to the ignorance and maintenance of existing prejudices in the country and failing to contribute to the formation of the viewer as a subject of rights. / Mestre

Le récepteur des phospholipases A2 sécrétées (PLA2R1, 180 kDa) est une protéine membranaire de la famille des lectines de type C. PLA2R1 contrôle l'action de différentes phospholipases A2 impliquées dans des conditions physiologiques et physiopathologiques variées comme le métabolisme des lipides et l’inflammation. PLA2R1 est aussi l’auto-antigène majeur de la glomérulonéphrite extra-membraneuse (GEM), une maladie auto-immune rénale rare mais grave qui conduit à une forte protéinurie et à la perte des reins dans 30% des cas. Le titre des auto-anticorps PLA2R1 est corrélé à la sévérité de la maladie, mais leur valeur pronostique reste à démontrer. Le rôle pathogénique des anticorps n’est pas démontré. Enfin, 25% des patients sont négatifs pour PLA2R1, suggérant l’existence d'autres antigènes.Nous avons d’abord démontré la production d'une forme soluble sécrétée de PLA2R1, puis étudié les déterminants moléculaires du mécanisme de protéolyse. Concernant la GEM, nous avons développé plusieurs tests ELISA anti-PLA2R1 utilisant comme antigènes PLA2R1 humain, de lapin et de souris. Leur comparaison a montré des apports différents en diagnostic et pronostic. Nous avons aussi identifié 3 types d'auto-anticorps présents dans le sérum des patients. Ces anticorps ciblent 3 domaines épitopiques distincts de PLA2R1, sont liés par un mécanisme d’étalement épitopique, et la présence de plusieurs anticorps dans le serum est associé à un mauvais pronostic. Enfin, nous avons identifié la protéine membranaire THSD7A, distincte de PLA2R1, comme un second auto-antigène de la GEM, avec des auto-anticorps présents chez 2 à 5% des patients négatifs pour PLA2R1 / The phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1, 180kDa) is a C-type lectin membrane protein. PLA2R1 binds secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) from snake venoms and mammalian tissues. Venom sPLA2s have multiple toxic and pharmacological properties, whereas mammalian sPLA2s are implicated in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including lipid metabolism and inflammation.PLA2R1 is also the major autoantigen in membranous nephropathy (MN), a rare but severe autoimmune kidney disease leading to high proteinuria and kidney failure in 30% of cases. Titers of PLA2R1 autoantibodies correlate with disease severity, but the prognosis value of the antibodies is not demonstrated. Their pathogenic role is also not proven. 25% of patients are negative for PLA2R1, suggesting other antigens involved in MN. We have first studied some molecular properties of PLA2R1 in the context of MN. We demonstrate the presence of a secreted soluble form of PLA2R1 produced by proteolytic shedding of the membrane protein and we have studied the molecular determinants of this mechanism. Regarding MN, we have developed several anti-PLA2R1 ELISA using human, rabbit and mouse PLA2R1 as antigens. Their comparison revealed differential contributions in diagnosis and prognosis. We have also identified in patients' sera 3 types of autoantibodies, which target three distinct epitope domains of PLA2R1, which are linked by a mechanism of epitope spreading and which are associated with disease worsening and poor prognosis. Finally, we identified THSD7A, a membrane protein distinct from PLA2R1, as a second autoantigen in MN, with autoantibodies present in 2-5% of PLA2R1-negative patients

<p>Breast cancer remains the leading cause of death among females worldwide. While systemic therapy for breast cancer may work effectively in the early phases, for more than 10% of primary and 50% of metastatic cases, the disease eventually progresses, resisting treatments. To overcome this issue, recognizing markers of resistance as early as possible is critical. However, the underlying mechanisms of resistance remains elusive. The influence of microenvironmental factors of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on tumor behavior has been revealed relatively recently and increased stiffness of ECM is associated with cancer progression. Additionally, impacts of other matrix components such as non-neoplastic epithelial cells (that may constitute an important portion of the tumor microenvironment -TME) are suspected to influence tumors but they have not been investigated in detail. Besides, it is not known whether the response to increasing stiffness depends on the subtypes of breast cancer. Here, using breast models in 3D cell culture we have shown that the non-neoplastic epithelial compartment can influence the effect of matrix stiffness even for tumors recognized as highly aggressive. The degree of tumor aggressiveness recognizable via tumor architecture is associated with a differential behavior when ECM stiffness changes. In a 3D microenvironmental context, which provides an optimal level of constraints for tumors to display their phenotype, we report stiffness and paracrine influence impact on cisplatin-mediated cytotoxicity, which correlates with distinct nuclear morphometry and distribution pattern associated with population heterogeneity. The response pattern varies across cell lines representing higher and lower levels of aggressiveness in the basal-like subtypes of breast cancer. Our results also highlight the need for integrating biochemical and physical components of the TME in future designs of <i>in vitro</i> drug screening platforms.</p>

Studiens syfte är att ge en fördjupad uppfattning om hur lärare organiserarar muntlig framställning i kursen Svenska 1 för att stötta elever med talängslan. Studien avser även att belysa vilka pedagogiska anpassningar som lärare använder i undervisning för att förebygga och minska talängslan hos elever. Vidare undersöks även hur elever med talängslan upplever dessa anpassningar, hur deras talängslan påverkar dem psykiskt och fysiskt samt vilka utmaningar de möter inom och utanför skolvärlden. För att inhämta material till studien har en kvalitativ intervjumetod använts där två svensklärare och sex elever med talängslan har blivit intervjuade. De intervjuade lärarna har undervisat eleverna i kursen Svenska 1. Det transkriberade materialet har analyserats med hjälp av en tematisk innehållsanalys. Studien utgår från en sociokulturell teori och några centrala begrepp som språkliga redskap, appropriering, mediering, den proximala utvecklingszonen, stöttning samt sociokulturella praktiker. Resultatet visar att svensklärarna organiserar muntlig framställning i kursen Svenska 1 för att stötta elever med talängslan med ett progressivt undervisningsupplägg som innebär frekvent färdighetsträning, emotionellt stöd och ett förbyggande arbete i form av ett tillåtande klassrumsklimat. Resultatet från elevintervjuerna visade att elevernas upplevelser av huruvida lärarnas anpassningar hade en främjande effekt eller inte dels grundade i relationen till läraren, dels i vilken nivå av talängslan de upplevde. Elever med låg till medelhög nivå av talängslan upplevde att anpassningarna som erbjöds var tillfredställande medan elever med hög nivå av talängslan inte fann anpassningarna tillfredställande. Resultatet visar att elever med hög nivå av talängslan behöver ett mer omfattande stöd för att minska sin talängslan än vad lärare kan erbjuda inom ramen av undervisningen.

The epaulets of male Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) function in both intersexual and intrasexual contexts, but there is little evidence that they covary with reproductive success in this well-studied species. We used path analysis of male/territory traits, mating success, and reproductive success of unmanipulated males to estimate current directional selection. Territory size had a positive effect on number of within-pair mates. Number of extra-pair mates had a positive effect on number of extra-pair fledglings, and number of within-pair and extra-pair fledglings had positive effects on total number of fledglings. We also reddened epaulets of free-living territorial males to determine whether manipulated and control males differ in territorial behavior, mating success, or reproductive success. Compared with control males, males with reddened epaulets incurred elevated rates of trespassing and territorial challenges, lost their territories more often, and were unable to produce extra-pair offspring. Despite these differences, however, the realized reproductive success of experimental and control males did not differ significantly, perhaps because males with reddened epaulets devoted more time to anti-predator vigilance and were more aggressive toward a simulated predator than were control males. An apparent lack of current sexual selection on epaulet color may be a form of counter-balancing sexual selection in which male aggression against redder epaulets opposes female preference for redder epaulets, or it might be the result of males compensating for lost extra-pair fertilizations by increasing their parental care.