Reality TV is a well-appreciated concept in the world of entertainment. The purpose of this study is to approach the viewing of reality television, with the intention to explore if men and women react to and interpret gender roles differently in a chosen reality TV show. Further social factors, such as nationality, age, sexuality and education will simultaneously play a crucial part in the analysis. The Swedish adaption of the well-known format The Bachelor was chosen for this case study to examine if the situations in the show would provoke different reactions and interpretations among the respondents. The thesis delivers two qualitative methodological approaches to capture the reactions and interpretations among the test persons. A focus group discussion with eight Finnish men and women was conducted along with eight individual interviews with Swedish men and women, with the intention of gaining insightful and valuable knowledge regarding how men and women interpret what they see. The study’s findings suggest that there are both differences and similarities among men and women in their reactions and interpretations of gender roles in the chosen show, and that further social factors aid and affect in constructing the different interpretations.

Genom tiderna har måltiden förändrats och kommer förmodligen fortsätta göra så även framledes. Framtidsstudier är ett sätt att undersöka vad som kan tänkas ske i framtiden och då även hur måltiderna kan förändras. Syftet är att undersöka framtidens måltider med hjälp av en scenariometodik. Måltiden har tidigare studerats utifrån olika perspektiv och det har också funnits olika uppfattningar om måltiden som dels främjande av social gemenskap, dels som en företeelse som blivit betydligt mer individualistisk. Five Aspect Meal Model används som en teoretisk modell i den här studien för att undersöka olika aspekter av framtidens måltid. Scenariometodik är ett verktyg för att designa olika, lika rimliga, framtider. Fokusgrupperna var av tvärvetenskaplig karaktär för att skapa en bredd. Urvalet baserades på studenter med en pågående utbildning vid något av Sveriges lärosäten. Studien resulterade i en ny metod för att undersöka framtidens måltider samt fyra olika scenarion kring dessa. Den tekniska måltiden, den effektiva måltiden, den individuella måltiden samt den traditionella måltiden. Dessa scenarion skiljer sig på olika sätt i hur måltiden är utformad och vad som anses vara viktiga aspekter av måltiden. De fyra scenariona är alla möjliga framtider och det mest troliga är att flera av dem kommer att samexistera i framtiden. Människor kommer att önska olika måltider och kanske till och med röra sig mellan olika scenarion beroende på tillfällen och omständigheter. / Over time, the meal has changed and will probably continue to do so in the future. Studies regarding the future are a way of examining what might happen and also how the meals may change henceforth. The purpose is to investigate the meals of the future using a scenario methodology. The meal has previously been studied from different perspectives and there have also been different views on the meal, on one hand as the promotion of social community and on the other hand as a phenomenon that has become significantly more individualistic. The Five Aspect Meal Model is used as a theoretical model in this study to investigate different aspects of the future meal. Scenario methodology is a tool for designing various, equally reasonable, futures. The focus groups were interdisciplinary in order to create a diversity. The selection was based on students with an ongoing education at a Swedish educational institution. This study resulted in a new method to study the meals of the future and four different scenarios regarding this. The technical meal, the efficient meal, the individual meal and the traditional meal. These scenarios differentiate in various ways regarding how the meal is designed and what is considered important aspects of the meal. The different scenarios are all possible futures and the most likely is that several of them will coexist. People will desire different meals and may even alter between different scenarios depending on occasions and circumstances.

Syftet med denna masteruppsats är att söka en transformerande pedagogisk praktik omjämställdhet och jämställdhetsintegrering. Det är en studie av några pedagogersupplevelser och konsekvenser av motstånd i arbetsplatsbaserad undervisning omjämställdhet och jämställdhetsintegrering.Den svenska retoriken kring jämställdhet bidrar till att det inte talas om det motståndsom pedagoger möter, ett motstånd emot jämställdhet och jämställdhetsintegrering. Trefokusgrupper med totalt tretton deltagare har träffats runtom i Sverige och samtalat omundervisning och transformativ pedagogik utifrån frågeställningar kopplade till maktoch motstånd. Innehållsanalys har använts, framförallt med hjälp av Paulo Freiresbegrepp conscientização och Sara Ahmeds begrepp snap. Resultaten har relaterats tillMalin Rönnbloms dekonstruktion av svensk jämställdhetspolitik och rådandekunskapsdiskurs.De viktigaste resultaten handlar om att pedagogerna möter motstånd oavsett vilkenfråga som lärandet handlar om inom jämställdhet. Motståndet leder till känslor av blandannat trötthet, ledsamhet och ilska. Effekter av motstånd på undervisningen är blandannat att ämnet adresseras på ett avdramatiserande sätt för att förekomma motståndet.Resultaten synliggör ett behov av att använda den praktik och de erfarenheter somfinns i större utsträckning än vad som görs idag. Studien bidrar till en ökad förståelseför vilka konsekvenser motstånd får i arbetsplatsbaserad vuxenundervisning omjämställdhet.

As we come to the end of the decade declared as United Nations Decade for Biodiversity 2011-2020, the impact humans are having our planet is clear. The current primary school children are the future decision makers, consumers and electors; therefore, they must be exposed to approaches that can assist development that is sustainable and that will prevent further degradation of our planet. A key way to achieve this is to transform the education current and future generations of children will receive. Education must address sustainable development to support the formation of responsible citizens, eager to actively engage in decision-making processes, environmental issues and societal matters. This can be assisted through a focus on a specific approach to Education for Sustainable Development, Biodiversity Education. To add to current research about this approach to ESD, I investigated the effect biodiversity education had on the sustainability consciousness of primary school children. I chose a qualitative method of data collection and analysis through focus group, semi-structured interviews with 5th class students. The results showed that the participants' sustainability awareness, regarding two of the three dimensions of sustainable development, was highly developed; the environmental dimension and the social dimension. There was less evidence of a consciousness for the economic dimension of SD. Therefore, biodiversity education had a positive influence on the participants' sustainability consciousness, making them more aware of sustainability issues and action-oriented to address these issues. However, they lacked one dimension of sustainability; therefore, their sustainability consciousness was not fully developed. Further research is needed to analysis and interpret the rationale as to why the economic dimension was less developed in these participants who attended a school that promotes biodiversity education.

Current research in the field of geriatric audiology focuses on the audiological assessment and management. However there is a lack of published work describing the perspectives of the geriatric individuals with a hearing loss regarding the audiological service delivery received. This study aimed to determine the perspectives of the geriatric individuals with a hearing loss in this regard. Convenience sampling was utilised to recruit 50 geriatric individuals who wore hearing aids, in Gauteng. A two phase methodology was employed in this study. Phase one included a questionnaire aimed to determine the geriatric individuals’ perspectives of the audiological assessment and management processes conducted by the audiologist. Phase two, a focus group discussion regarding audiological service delivery, included 7 geriatric individuals who were randomly selected from the 50 geriatric individuals in phase one of the study. Results revealed that geriatric individuals with a hearing loss; perceived the audiological services received as adequate. However the results obtained from the questionnaire indicate that the majority of these geriatric individuals were not provided with a full test battery of assessment and management procedures as required. Therefore South African audiologists need to evaluate the assessment and management procedures used when working with the geriatric population. AFRIKAANS : Resente navorsing in die veld van geriatriese oudiologie fokus hoofsaaklik op oudiologiese evaluering en behandeling. Daar bestaan egter beperkte literatuur wat geriatriese individue met ‘n gehoorverlies se persepsies beskryf oor die proses van evaluering en dienslewering. Gevolglik was die doel van hierdie studie om geriatriese individue met ‘n gehoorverlies se persepsies aangaande oudiologiese dienste te bepaal. ‘n Twee-fase metodiek is in hierdie studie aangewend. ‘n Vraelys is in fase een gebruik om 50 geriatriese individue met ‘n gehoorverlies en wat gepas is met gehoorapparate, se persepsies aangaande oudiologiese dienslewering te bepaal. Sewe geriatriese individue het deelgeneem aan die tweede fase, naamlik ‘n fokusgroepbespreking aangaande oudiologiese dienslewering. Resultate dui daarop dat geriatriese individue met ‘n gehoorverlies die oudiologiese dienste wat hulle ontvang het as voldoende ervaar, Die meerderheid van die geriatriese individue het egter aangedui dat ’n.volledige oudiologiese toetsbattery nie tydens die evaluasieproses uitgevoer is nie en toepaslike gehoorapparaatevaluering- en passingsprosedures nie gevolg is nie. Die implikasies hiervan is dat oudioloë werksaam in Suid-Afrika die evaluering- en behandelingsprosedures wat toegepas word vir die geriatriese populasie, voortdurend moet evalueer en aanpas. Copyright / Dissertation (M. Communication Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / unrestricted

Syftet med denna studie är att synliggöra en grupp pianolärare och en grupp musiklärarstudenters förståelse av individualisering. Forskningsfrågan behandlar synsätt och arbetssätt i en grupp yrkesverksamma lärare och en grupp lärarstudenter. Studien utgår från det sociokulturella perspektivet, då studien undersöker hur lärare planerar och organiserar lärande vid mötet med olika individer. Data samlas in genom två fokusgruppintervjuer med dessa två separata grupper som sedan analyseras. I resultatet presenteras deltagarnas synsätt och deras användning av undervisningslitteratur i individualiseringsarbetet. Resultatet visar att individualiseringsarbetet är något som kan motivera elevers lärande och arbetet kräver lärarkompetenser. Dock visar det sig att det finns vissa oklarheter gällande definitionen av individualiseringsarbetet. Det framgår också i resultatet att respektive grupper har olika kriterium för valet av undervisningslitteratur i arbetet med individualisering, och stödjande undervisningslitteratur kan ibland även utmana individualiseringsarbetet. I diskussionen behandlas och problematiseras resultatet ytterligare, i relation till tidigare presenterad forskning och litteratur. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the understanding of individualized teaching in a group of piano teachers at “Kulturskolan” and a group of piano teacher students. The research questions deal with the views and working methods of a group of professional teachers and a group of student teachers. The study is based in the socio-cultural perspective, as it examines how teachers plan and organize learning at the meeting with different individuals. Data is collected through two separate focus group interviews with these two groups which are then analyzed with thematic analysis. The results present the attitudes of the participants and their use of teaching literature in the individualization work. The result shows that the individualization work is something that can motivate students' learning and the work requires teacher skills. However, it turns out that there are some ambiguities regarding the definition of individualized teaching. It is also evident from the result that the respective groups have different criteria for the choice of teaching literature in the work of individualization and supporting teaching literature can sometimes also challenge the individualization work. In the discussion, the results are further discussed and problematized in relation to previously presented research and literature.

This research paper delves into the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the process of user experience (UX) design resulting in more-than-human-made designs. Specifically, the study focuses on the utilization of the text-to-image AI tool, Midjourney. The primary research questions addressed in this paper are twofold: 1) How do AI tools influence the current UX design process of a high-fidelity prototype? and 2) How do more-than-human-made high-fidelity prototypes compare with human-made high-fidelity prototypes in terms of UX? To answer these research questions, a two-method study design was employed. Firstly, two focus groups with in total of 8 designers as participants were formed, with one group utilizing Midjourney to investigate its influence on the design process and to compare the two groups regarding their workwise. The aim was to create two comparable prototypes within a specific e-commerce setting. Secondly, a between-subjects design user study with 32 participants was conducted to test the high-fidelity prototypes and to assess any potential disparities in UX quality between them. The findings regarding the first research question indicate that Midjourney primarily serves as an inspirational tool. Designers were able to harness the AI tool to generate dark mode images, with the final chosen dark mode exemplifying the impact of Midjourney. Additionally, designers attempted to utilize the tool for creating icons. Regarding the second research question, the user study revealed that, despite similar and comparable use cases, there were only minor significant differences in terms of UX quality. The overall scores in System Usability Scale (SUS) and User Experience Questionnaire Plus (UEQ+) did not exhibit any significant disparity. This study suggests that while Midjourney proves to be a useful tool within the design process, its current influence on designers' UX design process and the ultimate performance of the final prototype remains relatively modest. Further research and development may be required to enhance its impact in the field of UX design and the study design should be used to test other AI tools in comparable settings.

[pt] Muitas startups e até mesmo empresas de software tradicionais adotaram o uso de MVPs (sigla em inglês para Produto Mínimo Viável) para permitir experimentar rapidamente possibilidades de solução. O conceito de MVP tem influenciado a forma como as equipes de desenvolvimento aplicam as práticas de Engenharia de Software (ES). Entretanto, o entendimento geral desta influência dos MVPs sobre as práticas de ES ainda é pobre. Nosso objetivo é caracterizar o panorama de publicações sobre práticas que têm sido utilizadas no contexto dos MVPs de software e reunir insights dos profissionais sobre as práticas identificadas. Conduzimos um estudo de mapeamento sistemático usando uma estratégia de busca híbrida que consiste em uma busca em banco de dados e um snowballing das referências, para frente e para trás, de forma paralela. Posteriormente, discutimos os resultados do mapeamento em duas sessões de grupos de foco envolvendo doze profissionais da indústria que utilizam amplamente os MVPs em seus projetos para capturar suas percepções sobre os resultados do mapeamento. Identificamos 33 artigos publicados entre 2013 e 2020. Observamos algumas tendências relacionadas às práticas de ideação e avaliação de MVPs. Por exemplo, com relação à ideação, encontramos seis abordagens diferentes (e.g., Design Thinking, Lean Inception) e principalmente práticas informais de envolvimento do usuário final (e.g., workshops, entrevistas). Com relação à avaliação, há uma ênfase nas validações do usuário final baseadas em práticas como testes de usabilidade, testes A/B, e análise dos dados de uso. Entretanto, ainda há pesquisas limitadas relacionadas à avaliação de viabilidade técnica do MVP e estimativa de esforço. Os praticantes das sessões do grupo de foco reforçaram a confiança em nossos resultados no que diz respeito às práticas de ideação e avaliação, estando cientes da maioria das práticas identificadas. Eles também relataram como lidam com as avaliações de viabilidade técnica (envolvendo desenvolvedores durante a ideação e conduzindo experimentos informais) e estimativa de esforço na prática (com base na opinião de especialistas e usando práticas comuns a metodologias ágeis, como o Planning Poker). Nossa análise sugere que há oportunidades para propostas de soluções e estudos de avaliação para tratar de lacunas na literatura relativas à avaliação de viabilidade técnica e estimativa de esforço. Em geral, é necessário investir mais esforço na avaliação empírica das práticas existentes relacionadas ao MVP. / [en] Many startup environments and even traditional software companies have embraced the use of MVPs (Minimum Viable Products) to allow quickly experimenting solution options. The MVP concept has influenced the way in which development teams apply Software Engineering (SE) practices. However, the overall understanding of this influence of MVPs on SE practices is still poor. Our goal is to characterize the publication landscape on practices that have been used in the context of software MVPs and to gather practitioner insights on the identified practices. We conducted a systematic mapping study using a hybrid search strategy that consists of a database search and parallel forward and backward snowballing. Thereafter, we discussed the mapping study results in two focus groups sessions involving twelve industry practitioners that extensively use MVPs in their projects to capture their perceptions on the findings of the mapping study. We identified 33 papers published between 2013 and 2020. We observed some trends related to MVP ideation and evaluation practices. For instance, regarding ideation, we found six different approaches (e.g., Design Thinking, Lean Inception) and mainly informal end-user involvement practices (e.g., workshops, interviews). Regarding evaluation, there is an emphasis on enduser validations based on practices such as usability tests, A/B testing, and usage data analysis. However, there is still limited research related to MVP technical feasibility assessment and effort estimation. Practitioners of the focus group sessions reinforced the confidence in our results regarding ideation and evaluation practices, being aware of most of the identified practices. They also reported how they deal with the technical feasibility assessments (involving developers during the ideation and conducting informal experiments) and effort estimation in practice (based on expert opinion and using practices common to agile methodologies, such as Planning Poker). Our analysis suggests that there are opportunities for solution proposals and evaluation studies to address literature gaps concerning technical feasibility assessment and effort estimation. Overall, more effort needs to be invested into empirically evaluating the existing MVP-related practices.

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Bakgrund: Forskning om missförhållanden visar att äldre som bor på särskilda boenden utsätts för olika former av missförhållanden. De olika formerna av missförhållanden som sker inom äldreomsorgen kommer till uttryck på olika sätt, såsom psykisk och fysisk vanvård samt försummelse. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur omvårdnadspersonal uppfattar eventuella missförhållanden inom äldreomsorgen och varför de tror att missförhållanden uppstår på särskilda boenden. Syftet var även att utifrån Theory of Reasoned Action tolka omvårdnadspersonalens potentiella agerande i situationer då det uppstår missförhållanden. Metod: Studien nyttjade en kvalitativ forskningsmetod i form av en vinjettstudie medfokusgrupper. Materialet analyserades genom tematisk analys. Resultat: Resultatet visade att omvårdnadspersonalen hade olika uppfattningar kring missförhållanden. Brist i arbetsmiljö såsom tidsbrist, personalbrist och stress var troliga orsaker till missförhållanden. Genom Theory of Reasoned Action indikerades att kollegors påverkan, så kallade ”subjektiva normer” och egna attityder kan bidra till en förståelse om varför missförhållanden uppstår på särskilda boenden. / Background: Research on elder abuse shows that elderly people living in nursing homes are exposed to various forms of abuse. The various forms of abuse that occur in elderly care are expressed in different ways, such as mental and physical abuse, and neglect. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate how nursing staff perceive possible elder abuse in elderly care and why they believe that elder abuse occurs in nursing homes. The aim was also to interpret the nursing staff's potential actions in situations where elder abuse occurs based on the Theory of Reasoned Action. Method: The study used a vignette methodology with four focus group interviews. The material was analysed through thematic analysis. Results: The results showed that nursing staff had different perceptions of elder abuse. The respondents believed that, among other things, deficiencies in the work environment such as lack of time, staff shortages and stress were likely reasons for elder abuse. The Theory of Reasoned Action indicated that colleagues' influence, also known as "subjective norms" and their own attitudes can contribute to an understanding of why elder abuse occurs in nursing home.