The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 and consists of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Sustainable development was adopted in 2003 as an overall objective of Swedish government policy. This study focuses more closely on gender-equal parenting as an aspect of social sustainability. According to the Swedish government’s national policy on gender equality, the work of family centers must be characterized by a gender equality perspective as a step towards creating social sustainability. However, several studies show that female dominance in family centers, together with traditional norms linked to parenthood, entails a challenge related to the pursuit of equal parenthood. For example, fathers tend to feel excluded and not welcome in the center. Hence, this study especially aims to find out how family centers and their professionals work to create conditions for including fathers in their activities and thereby stimulate equal parenting. The study used a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews with a total of six interviewees at two family centers. The result shows that the personnel at the family centers are working for social sustainability diligently, in this case, gender-equal parenting. Still, the execution of the work varies between professionals and family centers. Therefore, it is safe to say that a national effort is needed to create greater equality in family centers' approach to gender-equal parenting.

Date: 2021-05-25 Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 credits Institution: Linnaeus University Authors: Linnéa Hamrin - 970430 Nora Bengtsson – 960709 Tutor: Jasmina Beharic Keywords: Gender equality work, norms, group norms, driving forces, personal connection, custom communication, male engagement Titel: The light is now directed at the men who work with gender equality - How do they act and what are they driven by? Research Questions: - How do men who work with gender equality act, within organizations that work to promote the gender equality development within the society?- What are the driving forces behind their actions? Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to increase knowledge about how men who work with gender equality, within organizations that work to promote the gender equality development within the society, act to influence gender equality development and to create an understanding of the underlying driving forces of their actions. This is to contribute to the knowledge about how men, who does not act accoringly to the existing masculine norms, work with gender equality which can increase the understanding of gender equality development. Method: This is a qualitative study that uses inductive approach. Four semi- structured interviews have been implemented with four different respondents. The empirical data was then analyzed through a thematic analyzis.Through the coding, themes were detected which then generated the theoretical material. Conclusions: The result of the study showed that the men worked a lot through adapting their communication to the target group which enabled a connection inbetween the men and the target group. Relationship building was presented as essential to their work and two important factors in order to build relationships was positive influense and identification. The underlying driving forces were at first proved to be integrated and identified extrinsic motivation. To maintain the work with gender equality the ability to help others, confirmation, experienced context, and self-determination were the driving forces that identified. / Datum: 2021-05-25 Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i Företagsekonomi, 15 HP Institution: Linnéuniversitetet Författare: Linnéa Hamrin - 970430 Nora Bengtsson – 960709 Handledare: Jasmina Beharic Nyckelord: Jämställdhetsarbete, normer, gruppnormer, drivkrafter, personlig anknytning, anpassad kommunikation, manligt engagemang Titel: Nu riktas lampan mot män som arbetar med jämställdhet - Hur agerar de och vad drivs de av? Forskningsfrågor: - Hur agerar män som arbetar med jämställdhet, inom organisationer som arbetar för att främja jämställdhetsutvecklingen i samhället?- Vad finns det för drivkrafter bakom deras agerande? Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att öka kunskapen kring hur män som arbetar med jämställdhet, i organisationer som arbetar för att främja jämställdhetsutvecklingen i samhället, agerar för att påverka jämställdhetsutvecklingen samt skapa en förståelse kring de bakomliggande drivkrafterna för deras agerande. Det för att bidra med kunskap gällande hur män, som inte agerar enhetligt med den existerande mansnormen, arbetar med jämställdhet vilket kan öka förståelsen kring jämställdhetsutvecklingen. Metod: Det här är en kvalitativ studie som använder induktiv metod. Fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med fyra respondenter. Empirisk data analyserades därefter genom den tematiska analysmetoden. Genom kodningen upptäcktes teman som låg till grund för det teoretiska materialet. Slutsats: Studiens resultat visade att männen arbetade mycket genom att anpassa sin kommunikation efter målgrupp vilket möjliggjorde för en anknytning mellan männen och målgruppen. I arbetet framstod relationsbyggande som essentiellt och två viktiga faktorer i syfte att bygga relationer var positivt inflytande och identifiering. De bakomliggande drivkrafterna visade sig till en början vara integrerad och identifierad extern motivation. För att upprätthålla arbetet med jämställdhet var förmågan att hjälpa andra, bekräftelse, upplevt sammanhang och självbestämmande de drivkrafter som identifierades.

Background: Within the rescue service, a varied background is needed to increase the possibility of delivering equal service to the citizens. At present, there is a skewed gender distribution within the municipal rescue services, with only a couple of percent of the firefighters being women. Many women find it difficult to meet the physical limit values on recruitment tests. The standing long jump (SLJ) is used as a part of recruitment tests on many rescue services, to assess leg power. It is not clear though whether SLJ is the most appropriate field-test to assess leg power in firefighter trainees, with men and women mixed in the same group, as it has been argued that anthropometric factors, such as body height (BH), affects the result. Thereby we wanted to study the relationship between BH and SLJ, and compere SLJ with another field-test for measuring leg power, one that omits the variable BH. Aim: The aim was to study the strength of the relationship between body height and the jump length at standing long jump, for firefighter trainees. A second aim was to study the strength of the relationship between firefighter trainees' jump results of the two tests: standing long jump and vertical jump. Methods: The study was executed as an observational cross-sectional study. Three different measurements were carried out: BH, vertical jump (VJ) and SLJ. Correlation analyzes, with Pearson's correlation coefficient, were performed on BH in relation to SLJ, and VJ in relation to SLJ. Results: Fourteen (n = 14) firefighter trainees (women n = 5, men n = 9) met the inclusion criteria and participated in the study. Subjects' age, body mass index (BMI) and number of workouts per week were 29 ± 7 years old, 25 ± 2 kg/m2 and 4 ± 1 workouts (at least 30 minutes) per week. Results showed a significant moderate correlation between BH and SLJ (r = 0.572). Between the variables VJ and SLJ there were a significant strong correlation (r = 0.862). However, the results changed substantially when the analyzes were performed separately for men and women, with a very low correlation level (r = 0.106 respective r = 0.166) between BH and SLJ. For VJ and SLJ there were a moderate correlation level for men and low for women (r = 0.414 respective r = 0.387). Conclusion: The result from this study is in line with aforementioned work and supports the hypothesis that BH to some extent can affect the jump result at SLJ. Our study complements earlier work and indicates that these results are also applicable to firefighter trainees. The findings in this study indicates VJ could possibly be an alternative field test for SLJ, to assess leg power when recruiting new firefighters. Additional studies are required to investigate the correlation between SLJ and VJ with ad- ditional confounders, such as actual leg power, and also the correlation between VJ and fire- fighters heaviest among most common work tasks.

Bakgrund: Kvinnors väg till toppositioner inom näringslivet kantas av fler hinder än deras manliga motsvarigheter. En anledning kan vara de antaganden som finns kring kvinnors riskundvikande. Liknande antaganden finns även när det kommer till ålder och ämbetstid i beslutsfattande positioner. Det strategiska risktagandet är ett resultat av det strategiska beslutsfattande styrelser och ledningsgrupper utför, varpå intresse finns i att se om samband råder mellan variablerna eller om antagandena är felaktiga. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att få ökad förståelse för relationen mellan ledningsgruppens och styrelsens sammansättning och bolags strategiska risktagande. Metod: Det är en kvantitativ metod som appliceras på studien med en deduktiv ansats. Teorierna som behandlas är Prospect theory, Social identity approach och Upper echelons. Datainsamlingen utgår från nyckeltal från respektive bolags årsredovisningar och Infotorg Företag. Resultat: Alla hypoteser förkastas och slutsatsen blir därför att kvinnor, ålder och styrelsens respektive ledningsgruppens ämbetstid inte har något specifikt inflytande på det strategiskt risktagande då det inte hittades några samband för detta. / Background: Women's path to top positions in organisations is lined with more obstacles than their male counterparts. One reason may be the assumptions that exist about women's risk avoidance. Similar assumptions also exist when it comes to age and tenure in decision-making positions. The strategic risk-taking is a result of the strategic decision-making boards and top management teams carry out, whereupon there is interest in seeing if there is a connection between the variables or if the assumptions are false. Purpose: The study aims to gain an increased understanding of the relationship between the composition of the board of directors and the top management team, and companies' strategic risk-taking. Method: It is a quantitative method that is applied to the study with a deductive approach. The theories covered are Prospect theory, Social identity approach and Upper echelons. The data collection is based on key figures from each company's annual reports and Infotorg Företag. Conclusion: All hypotheses are rejected and the conclusion is therefore that women, age and the term of office of the board and management team have no specific influence on the strategic risk-taking as no connection was found for this.

El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo evaluar la viabilidad de poner en marcha una idea de negocio: “ENTRENOS”. Éste se enfocará en la importación y comercialización de artículos sexuales en un modelo de negocio sutil, educativo y lúdico, dirigido a mayores de 18 años con capacidad adquisitiva, que deseen descubrir, potenciar su sexualidad y mejorar su experiencia sexual. “ENTRENOS”, genera un impacto en la sociedad a través del impulso de igualdad de género y el empoderamiento de hombres y mujeres independientemente de sus gustos y preferencias. Incluye y respeta a la comunidad LGTB, a su vez genera una cultura sexual saludable. Los productos y servicios fueron diseñados a partir de las necesidades que presenta un segmento de mercado no satisfecho. Para ello, se realizó una investigación de mercado donde se descubre que este segmento presenta diversas incomodidades al recibir publicidad agresiva de productos, falta de stocks, variedad de productos e información que no resuelve dudas y ocasiona la vulnerabilidad de su privacidad. Uno de los principales factores que contribuirá con éxito, son las alianzas estratégicas, el abastecimiento oportuno y la entrega a tiempo de los productos al cliente. El modelo de negocio presentado tiene todas las oportunidades de crecimiento, se determina que por cada 100 visitas en el landing page hay un nivel de aceptación del 50%, siendo un 20% más de lo que se esperó. Para finalizar, mediante la aplicación del VPN y el TIR se observa que nuestro proyecto si produce valor, siendo rentable en el tiempo. / The present project aims to evaluate the feasibility of starting a business idea: "TRAIN US". This will focus on the import and commercialization of sexual articles in a subtle, educational and playful business model, aimed at people over 18 with purchasing power, who wish to discover, enhance their sexuality and improve their sexual experience. "TRAIN US", generates an impact on society through the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of men and women regardless of their tastes and preferences. It includes and respects the LGBT community, in turn generates a healthy sexual culture. Products and services were designed based on the needs presented by an unsatisfied market segment. For this, a market investigation was carried out where it is discovered that this segment presents various discomforts when receiving aggressive advertising of products, lack of stocks, variety of products and information that does not resolve doubts and causes the vulnerability of their privacy. One of the main factors that will contribute to success are strategic alliances, timely sourcing and delivery of products to the customer on time. The business model presented has all the growth opportunities, it is determined that for every 100 visits on the landing page there is an acceptance level of 50%, being 20% ​​more than what was expected. Finally, through the application of the NPV and the IRR, it is observed that our project does produce value, being profitable over time. / Trabajo de investigación

This work provides an ethnography of maternity leave in the Czech Republic, analyzing the experiences, attitudes and reflections on motherhood among 14 Czech mothers living in Prague. Maternity leave in the Czech Republic distinguishes itself from that in many other western countries by virtue of its long-term nature - typically 3 to 4 years per child. Ultimately, this model for long-term home care, institutionally structured and culturally naturalized, has an essential impact on the position of woman in the family and in the society at large. Today, Czech mothers find themselves the default caretakers in the home but lacking the extended family support and networks accessed in the past, particularly acute in the context of culturally negative attitudes toward hired help and nurseries in the Czech Republic. Czech mothers also find themselves pinned between two ideologies - one stressing the importance of maternal care for the well-being of the child and another establishing the low status of staying home to raise a child in the context of the need for self-realization in a career. This ethnography teases out the sometimes reinforcing but often conflicting notions of what it is to be a mother through analyzing the biographical narratives of three identified groups of Czech women: mothers who have...

The presented thesis deals with the development of the programmes of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU) in the area of family policy in the long term 1949 - 2009. During this period there was a significant transformation of the Christian-democratic image of the family and the whole concept of family policy toward the Scandinavian model, which supports the reconciliation of family and professional life. As a long-time ruling party the CDU fundamentally formed the (West) German family policy. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the transformation of the image of the family and the family policy programmes in that period. The main chapter examines the four phases of development of the programmes in this area in the context of social and demographic changes and the development of the party as such. The thesis shows on the basis of various sources, mainly of three long-time and several thematic party programmes of the CDU that its image of family gradually extended from the classical model of a married couple with their own children with the traditional division of male and female roles to all forms of cohabitation with children. The party emphasizes on partnership, equality and free choice of parents but also the constitutional protection of marriage and family. The thesis presents this...

Cuando hablamos acerca de desarrollo del Estado, resulta inevitable no hacer referencia a la contratación pública, y es que las compras públicas, se constituyen en la actividad económica directa más relevante que lleva a cabo un Estado, generando un impacto significativo en la sociedad. Teniendo en cuenta dicha importancia, los países de la Región, incluyendo el nuestro, han invertido en la modernización de los sistemas de compra a través del uso de Tecnologías de la Información para dotarlos de mayor eficiencia y celeridad; así mismo, se han implementado clausulas a fin de combatir la corrupción. No obstante, la eficiencia de los sistemas de compra no depende sólo de los criterios de transparencia o celeridad con que se dote sus actuaciones; sino, además, resulta igual de importante la implementación de criterios de sostenibilidad o responsabilidad social a fin de lograr el desarrollo y participación en las compras públicas de diferentes sectores, tales como, las mujeres. En ese sentido, la implementación de políticas de compras públicas sustentables debe orientarse a integrar criterios tales como la igualdad de género a fin de promover que las Entidades Públicas coadyuven al cierre de brechas relacionado a la desigualdad existente entre hombres y mujeres. Teniendo en cuenta ello, a través del presente trabajo de investigación describiremos cuál es el estado de inclusión de las mujeres en las contrataciones públicas; de igual manera, abordaremos la viabilidad de implementar la Certificación denominada “Empresa Segura: Libre de Violencia y Discriminación contra la Mujer” en los Procedimientos de Implementación y Operatividad de los Catálogos Electrónicos, a fin de proponer recomendaciones que coadyuven al desarrollo económico sostenible, inclusivo e igualitario a través de dicho método especial de contratación. / When we talk about state development it is unavoidable to refer to public procurement, because this is the most relevant direct economic activity performed by the state that has a profound impact on society. Considering its significance, the countries in our region, including ours, has invested in the updating of their procurement systems via information technology to provide them with efficiency and speed; and also implemented contractual terms to fight corruption. However, procurement systems’ efficiency not only lay on the transparency criteria or the speed of their actions, but also it is of equal value the implementation of sustainability criteria or social responsibility with the intent to achieve the development and the engagement of different sectors, such as women in public procurement. In this direction, the implementation of sustainable public procurement policies must be focused in integrating criteria such as gender equality with the objective that public entities contribute to close the current gaps in equality between men and women. Acknowledging these differences, we have described in this research the current status of women inclusion in public procurement; in the same way we discuss the viability of implementing in the Procedures of Implementation and Functionality of Electronic Catalogues a certification called “Empresa Segura: Libre de Violencia y Discriminación contra la Mujer” (Safe Company: Free from Violence and Discrimination against Women) with recommendations directed to the advancement of a sustainable, inclusive and egalitarian economic development through this special procurement method. / Tesis

En las últimas décadas el fútbol femenino ha ganado visibilidad y patrocinio por parte de las marcas en varios países, sin embargo, en el Perú no se le da la misma importancia e impulso que se le brinda al fútbol masculino, pese a que existe una liga femenina y torneos internacionales. Esta investigación busca analizar si el uso de la igualdad de género en la promoción de Budweiser podría influir de manera positiva en el patrocinio del fútbol femenino peruano. La investigación es de paradigma naturalista con enfoque cualitativo, para la cual se realizaron entrevistas individuales a especialistas en publicidad y feminismo aplicando un cuestionario semiestructurado. Como resultado, los especialistas en publicidad consideran que el patrocinio en el fútbol femenino peruano es un camino largo de recorrer que necesita primero tener un interés de parte de los hinchas del fútbol para que las marcas puedan recién empezar a patrocinar dicho deporte. De la misma forma que un patrocinio en un problema social como es la igualdad de género ayudaría a las marcas a ser mejor vistas ya que sus valores estarían alineados con los valores de sus consumidores. / In recent decades, women's soccer has gained visibility and sponsorship by brands in several countries, however, in Peru it is not given the same importance and impulse that is given to men's soccer, despite the fact that there is a league women's and international tournaments. This academic article analyze whether the use of gender equality in the promotion of Budweiser could positively influence the sponsorship of Peruvian women soccer. The research is naturalistic paradigm with qualitative approach, for which individual interviews were conducted with specialists in advertising applying a semi-structured questionnaire. As a result, the specialists consider that sponsorship in Peruvian women's soccer is a long way to go that first needs to have an interest on the part of soccer fans so that brands can just start sponsoring that sport. In the same way that a sponsorship in a social problem such as gender equality would help brands to be better seen and that their values ​​would be aligned with the values ​​of their consumers. / Tesis

Este estudio tuvo como finalidad diseñar y evaluar un conjunto de actividades lúdicas para trabajar la equidad de género con adolescentes. Para ello se utilizó la metodología de la investigación-acción, en la cual fue integrada la reflexión y el análisis de las experiencias que se realizaron en el ámbito educativo. Para ello, se aplicó un programa de intervención a un grupo de adolescentes entre los 14 y 15 años. En éste se trabajó los conocimientos sobre equidad de género, roles de género y brechas de género, a través de actividades lúdicas. Los principales hallazgos evidencian que los juegos lúdicos son herramientas que proveen muchos beneficios y coadyuvan en el proceso de comunicación, permiten una adecuada mejora del aprendizaje e incrementan un mayor interés en los estudiantes sobre diversos temas. / The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate a set of recreational activities to work on gender equality with adolescents. For this, the action-research methodology was used, in which the reflection and analysis of those carried out in the educational field was integrated. Therefore, an intervention program was applied to a group of adolescents between 14 and 15 years of age. In this, knowledge about gender equity, gender roles and gender gaps was worked through, through recreational activities. The main findings show that playful games are tools that provide many benefits as an aid in the communication process, allow an adequate improvement of learning and increase a greater interest in students on various topics. / Tess