The goal of this thesis is to analyse the factors which affect a female employment support on market job during parental leave or after that and issue our own suggestions and recommendation which would more support female. The thesis is divided into two parts which is theoretical and emperical. The theoretical part is about family policy where a factors are influencing in promotion of female employment and employment policies. The empiric part is based on quality research in regards to interviews with respondents and following summary with own recommendations which can contribute to the effective support female employment on market job in parental leave or after that. For this research I choose 15 respondents with who I made a semi-structured interview. I made a 5 research circulars which each one was based on particular number of sub questions to help analyse them make some appropriate recommendations.

This paper will examine two public transportation hubs, as examples of public space, in Gothenburg, Sweden, from a gender perspective by investigate how gender equality is discussed in planning processes of hubs and to explore how hubs are used and perceived by men and women. The thesis has a qualitative and hermeneutic approach, with semi-structured interviews with key persons from the planning processes, and site observations and interviews with men and women using the hubs as the main data gathering methods. In the planning processes for the two cases the ambition was to create hubs that were welcoming for everyone, from a theoretical point of view this ambition could be dangerous from a gender perspective since a planning for everyone often leads to a planning for the man. In order to create hubs for everyone there was a focus for creating safety and increase accessibility for the disabled during the planning processes. The observations and the interviews on site shows that the hubs could be viewed as gender equal since the hubs were open to both men and women to use, but the hubs could also be viewed as not gender equal since women felt unsafe. The analysis shows that the social interaction on site is a crucial factor when defining a place as gender equal or not. The social interaction can be understood by gender contract. One conclusion is that there is a need for discussions about gender and its effect on experiences of public space, where gender contract is problematized. It will otherwise be hard to understand and change the interaction and the gender inequality will risk to consolidate.

Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka hur jämställdheten mellan kvinnor och män ter sig i svensk och finsk public service-tv. För att komma fram till våra resultat har vi gjort en kvantitativ och kvalitativ analys av  nyhetsinslag från SVT och YLE. Våra frågeställningar handlade om hur många män och kvinnor som syns i nyhetsinslagen, hur de framställs och om det finns “manliga” eller “kvinnliga” ämnen. I vår analys har vi använt oss av genusteori, dagordningsteori och gestaltningsteori. Vi kom fram till att fler män än kvinnor kom fram på både SVT och YLE och att det fanns ämnen som var mer “kvinnliga” och “manliga”. Det kom även fram fler kvinnor på YLE än SVT. Vi har dragit slutsatsen att det fortfarande inte är jämställt. / The purpose of this study was to analyze how the gender equality gets represented in swedish and finnish public service television. To discover this we have done a quantitative and a qualitative analysis of news reports from SVT and YLE. Our research questions were about how many men and women are shown in the news reports, how they are portrayed and if there are “male” and “female” news topics. In our analysis we have used gender theory, agenda setting theory and framing theory. We found out that there are more men than women shown in both SVT and YLE and that there were tendencies of “male” and “female” news topics. There were also more women in YLE than SVT. We’ve come to the conclusion that it’s still not equal.

This case study provides an analysis on how working women mothers in Brazil articulate themselves in a feminist network born on social media (Maternativa) to generate collective empowerment, raise awareness about oppression and mobilize around work rights. Using qualitative methods such as insider participant observation, interviews and content analysis, it investigates how participatory-related communicative practices and feminism interplay on digital and interpersonal environments fostering dialogue, conscientization and, potentially, a “political turn” in the collective’s agenda. Theoretical underpinnings include Manuel Castells’ network society, participatory communication and Paulo Freire’s theories on oppressed subjects, as well as insights from matricentric and black feminisms. The validity of (feminist) participatory practices for the strengthening of women mothers’ grass-roots movements and its potential applicability to mitigate the limitations of social media are some of the conclusions offered. Despite challenges typical of social movements and a significant “white woman bias”, participation has been able to produce an expanded awareness of the different systems of oppression. As a result, women’s discourse and engagement inside the network has become increasingly political and critical regarding structural power relations in the Brazilian society.

Det här är en studie som handlar om barnböckers innehåll. Syftet med studien var att synliggöra olika värdegrundsaspekter som finns i barnböcker i förskolan. Fokus var jämställdhet med ett särskilt fokus på stereotypa könsmönster. Ett urval av barnböcker som lånas ut via barnboksbussen låg till grund för studien och det var metoden kvalitativ textanalys som tillämpades. Både en styrd analys och en mer öppen analys gjordes för att få fram resultatet. Vid den mer öppna analysen framträdde värdegrundskopplade ord som gemenskap och respekt. Tidigare forskning visade att andra värdegrundskopplad ord som omsorg och empati var viktiga och tillsammans med orden gemenskap och respekt var dessa ord värdefulla för den här studien. Resultatet visade olika sätt att synliggöra värdegrund, till exempel att gemenskap kunde ses som vänskap och empati kunde handla om inkludering. I diskussionsdelen lyfts vikten av böckers inflytande i förskolan fram men arbetet med värdegrund och demokrati utförs inte bara med hjälp av böcker. Studiens kunskapsbidrag inom ämnet kan utveckla pedagogers förståelse för vikten av barnböckers innehåll. / This study is about content of children’s books. The purpose of this study was to clarify different aspects of values in children’s books in preschools. The focus was gender equality with primary focus on stereotypical gender roles. The selection was made from children’s books that were lent out through the children’s book bus (a portable library, on a bus). Chosen method for this study was qualitative text analysis. Both a controlled analysis and a more open analysis was made to make the result visible. During the more open analysis other value-connected words appeared and these words was community and respect. According to previous research also value-connected words like empathy and care was found and together with the words community and respect these words were valuable for this study. The result showed different kind of ways to make values visible. For example community was also showed as friendship and empathy could be about inclusion. The discussion addresses the importance of books in preschool, but the work with value and democracy through children’s books it’s not the only solution to convey good values. The studies knowledge contribution on the subject can develop preschool teachers understanding the importance of children’s book content.

The relationship between Gender Equality (GE) and Sustainability has been analysed for many years, with plenty of studies choosing the angle of the businesses environment to cut in. In addition, SMEs, as the predominant form of enterprise worldwide, are the primary source of employment in most countries. With that in mind, this research scrutinised internal and external drivers to Sustainability Engagement (SE) in Gotland SMEs from a Gender perspective, which presents a probable positive association between GE and SE in SMEs. The study mainly focuses on five female managers’ perceptions of GE and SE, supported by 16 responses to questionnaires. Under the Capabilities Approach (CA) and Dynamic Capabilities theoretical framework, we analyse the specific women managers’ Individual Dynamic Capabilities (IDC) and corporate Dynamic Capabilities, which proves that external and internal factors positively affect corporate SE. The study also introduces a particular psychological model of Social Desirability and Social Approval to delve deeper into female managers sensing mechanisms.

El presente artículo analiza el mensaje de igualdad de género que promueve la campaña publicitaria de Pilsen Callao: ‘Amistad sin diferencias’, a través de la resignificación de género donde la mujer busca romper con estigmas sociales. A través de este estudio cualitativo, de paradigma naturalista, se analizó cómo este mensaje puede formar parte de una conexión emocional con el valor de marca en la generación millenial. Por ello, se realizó 20 entrevistas a hombres y mujeres cuyas edades comprenden entre los 21 y 35 años, población adulto joven. Las mujeres consumidoras de hoy necesitan una publicidad que las reconozca y no las discrimine a través del mensaje publicitario. El público millennial busca generar un cambio sin reproducir las ideas conservadoras de la generación anterior y buscan una sociedad más igualitaria y abierta al cambio. / This article analyzes the message of gender equality promoted by Pilsen Callao's advertising campaign: ‘Friendship without differences’, through the redefinition of gender where women seek to break with social stigmas. Through this qualitative study, with a naturalistic paradigm, it was analyzed how this message can be part of an emotional connection with brand equity in the millennial generation. For this reason, 20 interviews were conducted with men and women whose ages range from 21 to 35 years, young adult population. Today's women consumers need advertising that recognizes them and does not discriminate against them through the advertising message. The millennial public seeks to generate a change without reproducing the conservative ideas of the previous generation and they seek a more egalitarian society open to change. / Tesis

Research has shown that gender equality gaps are prominent and experienced when it comes to strength training and gym use. The health benefits of strength training are many, and it is of importance to public health science that any gender inequalities are exterminated so that both men and women can benefit from these. The gym is a common area for practising strength training, but the research done about gender equality from a gym perspective does however seem to be limited, particularly regarding from a gym enterprises point of view. The purpose of this study was hence to explore how different gym enterprises in a medium-sized Swedish city integrated gender equality in their business operation. This was carried out through a total of four individual interviews with a voluntary representative from each different gym. The results displayed five main themes with different aspects, wich all somehow connected to integration of gender equality at the gym. The most characteristic of these themes turned out to be ambiguity, wich could be observed in several of the five main themes and noticed through all four interviews. The conclusions came to be that the gyms did not see gender equality as one of their specific fields of work, and also that gender equality was not something established or recognized by them. They did however work for inclusion and affinity wich could be seen as some kind of contribution to gender equality. It was shown that the gyms did not seem to consciously integrate gender equality in their business operation.

Currently, the world as we know it is undergoing many different transformations towards a more sustainable future, one of which is the energy transition. The energy transition is a wicked problem that requires transformative and creative thinking to be solved. One way to foster an innovative environment in organizations is by having a diverse workforce with different backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives. However, the energy sector, which has a major responsibility in the transition, is currently gender-segregated. Thus, not taking advantage of diverse capabilities. This thesis studies the energy-gender nexus within a Swedish context and explores what implications a male-dominated energy sector could entail for the energy transition. This is done through a qualitative research design using two methods, (1) a document review to analyze how important actors in the Swedish energy transition currently address gender equality, (2) expert interviews to further explore these findings. The results showed that the energy-gender nexus is a complex paradigm and that opportunities and challenges to integrate more diversity often are interconnected. The main challenges were showed to be connected to presumptions of generalized gender norms, the sectorial image, and the need for structural change. Opportunities were connected to affirmative action and advocacy from initiatives or role models, and benefits from specific measurable targets. It was also concluded that more perspectives and a diversified energy sector could potentially benefit the energy transition through acceleration.

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