Submitted by Fabíola Silva (fabiola.silva@famerp.br) on 2017-12-19T12:50:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 camilacrodrigues_dissert.pdf: 1509028 bytes, checksum: 2429f0a9273607b119eea7b50efb3743 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-19T12:50:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 camilacrodrigues_dissert.pdf: 1509028 bytes, checksum: 2429f0a9273607b119eea7b50efb3743 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-04 / Introduction: Aging causes several changes in the elderly’s body, which leave this population fragile, thus increasing the health problems and consequently, raising the number of hospitalizations. In addition, hospitalization may lead to aggravation of pre-existing functional changes, thus being a risk factor for the functional decline of the elderly. Therefore, it is of great interest to know the causes and factors associated with hospitalizations. Objectives: Characterize the demographic and clinical aspects of the elderly hospitalized in inpatient care units within a teaching hospital; identify the clinical evolution of these patients during hospitalization (discharge, death). Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional electronic records analysis of the elderly patients treated at inpatient care units from January 2014 to December 2014. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), descriptive analysis of the variables of sample characterization, application of the associative statistics through chi-square test. Results: The results show that the majority of the patients were male (8014-53.8%), with primary education (9183-68.0%), living with a partner (8750-62.4%), household (4652-33.1%), followed by service sector workers (3595-25.6%), white (13902-93.5%), and Catholic (11291-80.2%). The majority of patients presented cardiovascular diseases (3689-24.8%), followed by neoplasias (1753-13.1%), and gastrointestinal diseases (1733-11.64%). Although most diseases are prevalent in males, some have a higher percentage of occurrences, such as neoplasms, hematological diseases, nephrological diseases, and traumas. The highest incidence of death was due to infections (817-60.0%), neoplasias (212-10.9%), respiratory diseases (95-9.1%), and traumas (47-8.6%). Respiratory diseases, infections, and trauma were more frequent in older patients (> 74 years). Patients with infections, respiratory, and skin diseases had a longer length of hospital stay (mean length of hospital stay greater than 7 days). Conclusion: With an increase in the survival rate, also occurs an increase in the number of chronic diseases, leading progressively to the hospitalization of the elderly. Actions aimed at the prevention of these diseases, in the context of Primary Care, are important in order to promote a change in this panorama in the country. The multiprofessional team should train the caregivers. The achievement of an early hospital discharge plan contributes to the decrease of the readmissions of these elderly people. Infections presented a higher number of deaths and length of hospital stay in this population. It is important to educate the population and health professionals about care to avoid the spread of infections. / Introducción: El envejecimiento provoca varios cambios en el cuerpo del anciano, que hacen a esta población frágil, aumentando así los problemas de salud y consecuentemente ampliando el número de hospitalizaciones. Además, la hospitalización puede llevar al agravamiento de los cambios funcionales preexistentes, siendo así un factor de riesgo para el deterioro funcional en los ancianos. Por lo tanto, es de gran interés por conocer las causas y factores asociados a las hospitalizaciones. Objetivos: Caracterizar los aspectos demográficos y clínicos de los ancianos hospitalizados en unidades de atención hospitalaria dentro de un hospital de enseñanza; Identificar la evolución clínica de estos pacientes durante la hospitalización (alta, muerte). Métodos: Se realizó un análisis transversal de los registros electrónicos de los pacientes ancianos tratados en unidades de atención hospitalaria entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2014. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado, análisis de varianza (ANOVA), análisis descriptivo de las variables de caracterización de la muestra, aplicación de las estadísticas asociativas a través de la prueba del chi-cuadrado. Resultados: muestran que la mayoría de los pacientes eran varones (8014-53,8%), con educación primaria (9183-68,0%), con pareja (8750-62,4%), familia (4652-33,1%), seguidos por trabajadores del sector servicios (3595-25,6%), blanco (13902-93,5%) y católicos (11291-80,2%). La mayoría de los pacientes presentaron enfermedades cardiovasculares (3689-24,8%), seguidos por neoplasias (1953-13,1%) y enfermedades gastrointestinales (1733-11,64%). Aunque la mayoría de las enfermedades sean frecuentes en los hombres, algunas tienen un mayor porcentaje de ocurrencias, como neoplasias, enfermedades hematológicas, enfermedades nefrológicas y traumas. La mayor incidencia de muerte se debió a infecciones (817-60,0%), neoplasias (212-10,9%), enfermedades respiratorias (95-9,1%) y traumas (47-8,6%). Las enfermedades respiratorias, las infecciones y los traumastismos fueron más frecuentes en pacientes mayores (> 74 años). Los pacientes con infecciones, enfermedades respiratorias y de la piel tuvieron una estancia en el hospital más larga (duración media de la estancia en el hospital mayor de 7 días). Conclusión: Con un aumento en la tasa de supervivencia, también se produce un aumento en el número de enfermedades crónicas, que conduce progresivamente a la hospitalización de los ancianos. Las acciones orientadas a la prevención de estas enfermedades, en el contexto de la Atención Primaria, son importantes para promover un cambio en este panorama en el país. El equipo multiprofesional debe capacitar a los cuidadores. El logro de un plan de alta hospitalaria temprana contribuye a la disminución de los reingresos de essas personas mayores. Las infecciones presentaron un mayor número de muertes y la duración de la estancia en el hospital de esta población. Es importante educar a la población y los profesionales de la salud sobre el cuidado para evitar la propagación de infecciones. / Introdução: O envelhecimento acarreta várias alterações no organismo do idoso, que deixam esta população em situação de fragilidade, aumentando assim os agravos à saúde e consequente aumento no número de hospitalizações. Além disto, a hospitalização pode levar ao agravamento das alterações funcionais pré-existentes, sendo assim um fator de risco para o declínio funcional do idoso. Portanto, conhecer as causas e os fatores associados às hospitalizações é de grande interesse. Objetivos: Caracterizar os aspectos demográficos e clínicos dos idosos internados nas unidades de internação de um hospital de ensino; identificar a evolução clinica destes pacientes durante a hospitalização (alta, óbito). Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa de análise de prontuário eletrônico, tipo transversal, dos pacientes idosos atendidos nas unidades de internação no período de janeiro/2014 a dezembro/2014. A análise estatística foi realizada através do teste de qui-quadrado, teste Análise de Variância (ANOVA), analise descritiva das variáveis de caracterização amostral, aplicação do teste associativo pela estatística qui-quadrado. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que a maioria dos pacientes avaliados é do sexo masculino (8014-53,8%), com grau de instrução fundamental (9183-68,0%), com companheiro (8750-62,4%), do lar (4652-33,1%), seguido de trabalhadores do setor de serviços (3595-25,6%), de etnia branca (13902-93,5%) e católica (11291-80,2%). A maioria dos pacientes apresentou doenças cardiovasculares (3689-24,8%), seguido de neoplasias (1953-13,1%) e doenças gastrointestinais (1733-11,64%). Apesar de a maioria das doenças serem prevalentes no sexo masculino, algumas apresentam um percentual maior de ocorrência, como as neoplasias, as doenças hematológicas, doenças nefrourológicas e os traumas. A maior incidência de óbito ocorreu devido a infecções (817-60,0%), neoplasias (212-10,9%), doenças respiratórias (95-9,1%) e traumas (47-8,6%). As doenças respiratórias, infecções e traumas foram mais frequentes em pacientes com idades avançadas (>74 anos). Pacientes com infecções, doenças respiratórias e de pele apresentaram maior tempo de permanência, (tempo médio de permanência superior a 7,0 dias). Conclusão: Com o aumento da taxa de sobrevida há também um aumento no número de doenças crônicas, levando cada vez mais a hospitalização do idoso. Ações voltadas para prevenção destas doenças no âmbito da Atenção Básica é de grande importância para que ocorra uma mudança neste panorama no país. A capacitação dos cuidadores pela equipe multiprofissional e a realização de um plano de alta precoce contribuem para a diminuição das reinternações destes idosos. As infecções apresentaram maior causa de óbitos e de tempo de permanência dessa população no hospital. Faz-se importante a educação da população e profissionais da saúde quanto aos cuidados para se evitar a disseminação de infecções.

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-07-13T19:28:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thayane Dias dos Santos.pdf: 2190004 bytes, checksum: 278527178b4cc0b8ab5d8f4cb44ad6ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-13T19:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thayane Dias dos Santos.pdf: 2190004 bytes, checksum: 278527178b4cc0b8ab5d8f4cb44ad6ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde / Em paralelo à mudança no perfil populacional com o crescimento da população idosa ocorre a transição epidemiológica caracterizada pelo aumento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNTS) e suas complicações produzindo impactos diretos nos serviços de saúde. As taxas de hospitalização e tempo de internação de idosos são maiores quando comparadas com outras faixas etárias tornando-os mais susceptíveis a eventos adversos durante a hospitalização. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral Analisar os riscos e benefícios do ambiente do cuidado ao paciente idoso hospitalizado em enfermaria de clínica médica de um hospital universitário e como objetivos específicos: Descrever o ambiente do cuidado ao idoso hospitalizado em enfermaria de clínica médica de um hospital universitário; Identificar os riscos e os benefícios à segurança do idoso no ambiente do cuidado na perspectiva dos profissionais da equipe de enfermagem, idosos e\ou familiares acompanhantes e Elaborar recomendações para a segurança do paciente idoso hospitalizado em enfermaria de clínica médica. Trata-se de estudo com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso único, realizado nas enfermarias de clínica médica masculina e feminina de um hospital universitário localizado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro com profissionais da equipe de enfermagem, clientes idosos internados e\ou familiares acompanhantes. A produção de dados ocorreu no período de março a junho de 2016, por meio de observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada, sendo os dados analisados pela técnica de análise temática de conteúdo. O Projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição sob Parecer o nº 996.459. Os resultados apontaram que os profissionais de enfermagem e os idosos apresentavam conhecimentos diferenciados e complementares sobre a segurança do paciente sendo destacado pelos profissionais de enfermagem que a segurança consiste na criação e estabelecimento de uma cultura de segurança na instituição mediante a mobilização de conhecimentos científicos e habilidades técnicas, do trabalho em equipe e do cuidado centrado na pessoa. Já para os idosos, a segurança está associada ao estabelecimento de vínculo profissional-paciente-família, a afetividade durante a realização dos cuidados e o controle do acesso de pessoas no ambiente hospitalar. Quanto às estratégias realizadas pelos profissionais de enfermagem para a redução dos riscos à segurança do paciente idoso hospitalizado foram destacadas: auxílio e acompanhamento dos idosos na realização de suas atividades, manipulação do ambiente externo, como manter leito travado e grades elevadas; prevenção de lesões por pressão por meio da avaliação do risco de lesão nos pacientes, mudança de decúbito; prevenção de eventos adversos associados à medicação, pela identificação dos cincos certos na administração de medicamentos, além de treinamentos e palestras para a equipe de enfermagem. Conclui-se que apesar dos profissionais de enfermagem participantes do estudo terem expressado domínio teórico sobre segurança do paciente, isso ainda não se reflete em práticas sistematizadas e focadas nas especificidades do paciente idoso, sem avaliação sistematizada dos riscos e das suas demandas no ambiente hospitalar. O estudo espera contribuir para o conhecimento e prática dos profissionais de enfermagem quanto aos riscos e benefícios do ambiente do cuidado, incentivando a elaboração e implementação de recomendações que resultem na promoção de práticas seguras que viabilizem uma assistência efetiva e livre de riscos durante o processo de hospitalização do paciente idoso / In parallel, the change in the population profile with the growth of the elderly population occurs to the epidemiological transition characterized by the increase of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDS) and complications producing direct impacts on the health services. Hospitalization rates and length of stay in the elderly are higher when compared to other age groups making them more susceptible to adverse events during hospitalization. This study had as general objective To analyze the risks and benefits of the elderly care environment hospitalized in the medical clinic ward of a university hospital and as specific objectives: Describe the care environment for the hospitalized elderly in a medical clinic ward of a university hospital ; Identify the risks and benefits to the elderly in the care environment from the perspective of nursing staff, elderly and / or accompanying family members and Elaborate recommendations for the safety of the elderly patients hospitalized in a medical clinic ward. This is a study with a qualitative approach, a single case study, carried out in the male and female medical clinic wards of a university hospital located in the State of Rio de Janeiro, with professionals from the nursing team, elderly and hospitalized patients Companions. The data production occurred in the period from March to June 2016, through participant observation and semi-structured interview, the data being analyzed by the thematic content analysis technique. The Research Project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the institution under protocol 996,459. The results showed that nursing professionals and the elderly presented differentiated and complementary knowledge about patient safety, emphasized by nursing professionals that safety consists in the creation and establishment of a safety culture in the institution through the mobilization of scientific knowledge and skills Techniques, teamwork, and person-centered care. For the elderly, safety is associated with establishing a professional-patient-family bond, affectivity during the care and control of access of people in the hospital environment. Regarding the strategies carried out by nursing professionals to reduce the risks to the safety of hospitalized elderly patients, the following were highlighted: assistance and follow-up of the elderly in their activities, manipulation of the external environment, such as keeping beds locked and elevated grids; Prevention of pressure injuries by assessing the risk of injury to patients, change of position; Prevention of adverse events associated with medication, identification of the right fives in medication administration, and training and lectures for the nursing team. It is concluded that although the nursing professionals participating in the study expressed a theoretical domain about patient safety, this is not reflected in systematized practices and focused on the specificities of the elderly patient, without systematic evaluation of the risks and their demands in the hospital environment. The study aims to contribute to the nursing professionals' knowledge and practice regarding the risks and benefits of the care environment, encouraging the elaboration and implementation of recommendations that result in the promotion of safe practices that enable effective and risk-free the nursing care assistance during hospitalization process of the elderly patient

O envelhecimento é um fenômeno novo e uma tendência mundial. Com ele, há um aumento de doenças e de queixas de dor. Este estudo permitiu que os profissionais de saúde tivessem uma melhor percepção na avaliação da dor no envelhecimento. O objetivo geral foi avaliar os diferentes tipos de dor crônica no envelhecimento. Os objetivos específicos foram mensurar a dor percebida, avaliar os descritores de dor crônica de maior atribuição, identificar diferentes temáticas de dor crônica percebida e avaliar sinais e sintomas de depressão. Foi realizada identificação sócio-demográfica, com perguntas relacionadas ao sexo, à idade, à escolaridade, à religião, ao estado civil, às atividades desenvolvidas na instituição, à situação econômica, ao tempo de institucionalização, ao recebimento de visitas e às doenças diagnosticadas e, posteriormente, foram feitos quatro Experimentos (amostras dependentes). Experimento 1 - Mensurar a dor percebida - a intensidade da dor crônica foi avaliada pelo método psicofísico de estimação de categorias e se percebiam dor no momento da entrevista, para identificar o local, o tempo e o horário. Experimento 2 - Avaliar os descritores de dor crônica de maior atribuição - a intensidade da dor foi avaliada por dois métodos psicofísicos independentes: estimação de categorias e estimação de postos. Experimento 3 - Identificar diferentes temáticas de dor crônica percebida - utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada com sete perguntas relacionadas à dor crônica. Experimento 4 - Avaliar sinais e sintomas de depressão - utilizou-se a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica de 15 pontos. Participaram 46 idosos residentes em duas Instituições de Longa Permanência em Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo; dentre estes, 25 eram de instituição filantrópica e 21 de instituição particular. Os resultados foram a média de idade de 78,26±8,33 anos, 26 do sexo feminino, 23 viúvos, 28 católicos, 23 cursaram o ensino fundamental incompleto, 46 aposentados e 37 recebem até 1 salário mínimo, 16 tem hipertensão arterial, 37 residem nas instituições referidas no tempo de 0 a 5 anos, 34 declararam não realizar atividade nas instituições pesquisadas e 24 recebem visitas de familiares. No Experimento 1, 14 idosos atribuíram o valor 10 para a intensidade da dor percebida na última semana, sendo a média aritmética de 7,02±2,74 pontos; 28 relataram sentir dor no momento da entrevista e 32 não haver horário específico, sendo as regiões mais afetadas os membros inferiores e a região dorsal. No Experimento 2, no método de estimação de categorias, o descritor de dor de maior atribuição foi \"dolorosa\" e o de menor foi \"desastrosa\". No método de estimação de postos, o descritor de dor de maior atribuição foi \"desastrosa\" e o de menor atribuição foi \"dolorosa\". No Experimento 3, foram identificadas unidades temáticas como \"percepção quanto ao tempo\", \"dimensão da dor\", \"estratégias de enfrentamento\", \"causas relacionadas à dor\", \"percepção da situação atual\" e \"outras percepções\". No Experimento 4, observou-se que 33 idosos responderam à Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG) - 15 pontos - e obtiveram um escore de 5 ou mais pontos podendo sugerir episódio de depressão, ao passo que 13 obtiveram um escore abaixo de 5 pontos, não sugerindo episódio de depressão. / Aging is a new phenomenon and a global trend. With it, there is an increase of diseases and complaints of pain. This study has allowed health professionals have a better assessment of pain perception in aging. The overall objective was to evaluate the different types of chronic pain in aging. The specific objectives were to measure the perceived pain, to evaluate the descriptors of chronic pain with higher scores, identify different issues of chronic pain perceived and assess for signs and symptoms of depression. Identification was carried out socio-demographic, with questions related to sex, age, education, religion, marital status, the activities of the institution, the economic situation at the time of institutionalization, to receive visits and disease diagnosed and later, four experiments were conducted (dependent samples). Experiment 1 - Measuring the perceived pain - chronic pain intensity was assessed by the psychophysical method of category estimation and perceived pain during the interview, to identify the location, time and time. Experiment 2 - Assess the descriptors of chronic pain with higher scores - the intensity of pain was evaluated by two independent psychophysical methods: estimation and estimation of categories of posts. Task 3 - Identify the different themes of chronic pain perceived - we used a semi-structured interviews with seven questions related to chronic pain. Experiment 4 - Assess signs and symptoms of depression - used the Geriatric Depression Scale of 15 points. Attended by 46 elderly residents of two long-term institutions in Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, among these, 25 were from philanthropic institutions and 21 private. The results were the mean age of 78.26 ± 8.33 years, 26 females, 23 were widowed, 28 Catholics, 23 attended the elementary school, 46 retirees and 37 to receive a minimum wage, 16 have high blood pressure, 37 reside in the institutions mentioned in the time from 0 to 5 years, 34 said they did not carry out activities in the institutions surveyed and 24 receive family visits. In Experiment 1, 14 elderly people attributed the value 10 for the intensity of perceived pain last week, and the arithmetic mean of 7.02 ± 2.74 points, 28 reported pain at the time of interview and 32 there is no specific time, and regions most affected lower limbs and the dorsal region. In Experiment 2, the method of category estimation, the greatest pain descriptor assignment was \"painful\" and the least was \"disastrous.\" In the method of estimation of posts, the more pain descriptor assignment was \"disastrous\" and the assignment was less \"painful\". In Experiment 3, thematic units were identified as: \"the perception of time,\" \"dimension of pain,\" \"coping strategies\", \"pain-related causes,\" \"perception of the current situation\" and \"other perceptions.\" In Experiment 4, it was observed that 33 seniors responded to the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) -15 points - and obtained a score of 5 or more points may suggest a depressive episode, while 13 had a score below 5 points, not suggesting a depressive episode.

INTRODUÇÃO: Desde o início da doença de Alzheimer (DA), alterações de linguagem comprometem o engajamento, o exercício da vida social do indivíduo e, têm impacto em sua independência. A informação sobre essas alterações contribui para a caracterização do diagnóstico da doença. A limitação da capacidade de comunicação funcional, ou seja, a capacidade de emitir e compreender uma mensagem de maneira independente e eficiente em resposta à demanda do cotidiano, é uma das queixas mais importantes de familiares e cuidadores, daí a necessidade de se disponibilizar instrumento, em língua portuguesa, que avalie a comunicação, em contexto natural, para fins de diagnóstico e de acompanhamento de indivíduos acometidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi validar a escala de Avaliação Funcional das Habilidades de Comunicação - ASHA FACS para uso na população brasileira. A ASHA FACS é composta pelos domínios: Comunicação Social, Comunicação de Necessidades Básicas, Leitura, Escrita e Conceitos Numéricos, e Planejamento Diário. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas a tradução e a adaptação da escala. Foram examinados 32 idosos com DA leve, 25 com DA moderada e 51 idosos sem demência. Os idosos com DA e os controles responderam ao Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM), à Escala Geriátrica de Depressão (GDS) e à Escala de Avaliação de Doença de Alzheimer (ADAS-cog). A ASHA FACS foi respondida pelo familiar/cuidador, tendo sido pesquisadas a consistência interna da escala, sua reprodutibilidade inter e intra-examinadores e a validade de critério, pela correlação com o MEEM e com a ADAS-cog, bem como a sensibilidade e a especificidade. Foi examinado o efeito da idade e da escolaridade no desempenho funcional da comunicação. O passo seguinte foi aplicar o instrumento em condições clínicas, com o intuito de detectar indivíduos com DA e estadiar as alterações de comunicação nas fases leve e moderada. RESULTADOS: Análises estatísticas indicaram que a ASHA FACS tem ótima consistência interna (alfa de Cronbrach = 0,955), ótima confiabilidade teste-reteste (coeficiente de correlação interclasse [ICC] = 0,995; p < 0,001) e interexaminadores (ICC = 0,998; p < 0,001), e ótima validade de critério ao ser correlacionada tanto com o MEEM como com a ADAScog. A escala ASHA FACS apresentou valores de sensibilidade (81,4%) e de especificidade (84,3%) considerados bons, já que se trata de avaliação ecológica ampla. Verificou-se que a variável escolaridade interfere no desempenho funcional da comunicação dos idosos saudáveis e com DA, mas o aumento da idade não tem a mesma influência nos dois grupos. A pontuação total da ASHA FACS diferenciou idosos saudáveis dos com DA leve e estes dos que apresentavam DA moderada. Os domínios que melhor diferenciaram os três grupos foram os de Comunicação Social e Planejamento Diário. CONCLUSÕES: A escala ASHA FACS, versão em Português, é válida e confiável para verificar alterações de comunicação em pacientes com DA, útil para fins diagnósticos e estadiamento de alterações ao longo da doença, tendo como objetivo o tratamento dos pacientes e a orientação aos familiares e cuidadores. A ASHA FACS vem preencher importante lacuna de indicadores de eficácia para intervenções fonoaudiológicas em nosso meio. / INTRODUCTION: Since the beginning of Alzheimer\'s disease (AD), language problems intervene in engagement, social life and individual\'s protection and have impact on one\'s independence. Information about such alterations, obtained from a natural context, contributes for diagnosing AD. Limitation on the ability to communicate functionally, that is, limitation on ability to utter and understand a message independently and efficiently in response to everyday demand is one of the most important complaints of relatives and caregivers. Therefore, there is a need for providing an instrument in Portuguese that assess communication in a natural context for diagnosing and following patients with AD and their relatives/caregivers. This study aimed to validate the Functional Assessment of Communication Skills - ASHA FACS for a Brazilian population. The ASHA FACS is composed of four domains: Social Communication, Communication of Basic Needs, Reading, Writing and Number Concepts and Daily Planning. METHODS: The scale was translated and adapted into Portuguese. Then, 32 mild AD patients, 25 moderate AD patients and 51 elderly without dementia were examined. The AD patients and the control group answered the Minimental State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Alzheimer\'s disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog). The ASHA FACS assessment was answered by their relative/caregiver. The scale internal consistency, its inter and intra-examiners reproducibility and scale\'s criterion validity were researched by correlation with MMSE and Adas-cog. The sensitivity and specificity were also researched. Besides, the effect of scholarship and age in functional communication performance were analyzed. The next step was to apply the ASHA FACS in clinical conditions aiming at diagnosing persons with AD and determining the communication alterations in mild and moderate AD stages. RESULTS: Statistical analyses indicated that the ASHA FACS has excellent internal consistency (Cronbach\'s Alpha=0,955), test-retest reliability (interclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0,995; p<0,001) and inter-examiners (ICC=0,998; p<0,001). Besides, it showed excellent criterion validity when correlated with MMSE and Adascog. The ASHA FACS scale showed good sensitivity (81.4%) and specificity (84.3%) values once it is an ecological and broad evaluation. It was verified that scholarship intervened in functional communication performance of healthy elderly people and ones with DA, but the age\'s increase did not have the same influence on functional communication performance in both groups. The ASHA FACS total score differentiated healthy elderly from mild AD patients and mild AD from moderate AD patients. Social Communication and Daily Planning were the domains that better differentiated the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: The ASHA FACS Portuguese version is a valid and reliable instrument to verify communication alterations in DA patients. It is useful for diagnosis and track alterations along the disease aiming patient\'s treatment and relative\'s and caregiver\'s orientation. Besides the use for diagnosis purpose, the ASHA FACS fills an important gap of efficiency indicators for speech language therapy in our country.

INTRODUÇÃO: A avaliação geriátrica ampla promove uma triagem programada das síndromes e alterações mais comuns nos idosos. Este instrumento multidimensional apresenta excelente desempenho na identificação precoce de pacientes em risco para desfechos adversos. No entanto, tempo e recursos limitados impedem o seu uso em serviços de saúde concorridos, em especial aqueles que oferecem cuidados agudos. OBJETIVOS: Desenvolver e investigar as propriedades psicométricas de uma avaliação geriátrica compacta de 10 minutos (AGC-10) para idosos em serviços de saúde ocupados. MÉTODOS: Na primeira etapa, um consenso de especialistas (técnica Delphi) composto por 62 geriatras de todas as regiões do Brasil desenvolveu o instrumento. Na segunda etapa, as propriedades psicométricas da AGC-10 foram investigadas em uma coorte prospectiva envolvendo 534 idosos com doenças agudas ou crônicas descompensadas (média de 79,5 ± 8,4 anos de idade; 63% mulheres) consecutivamente admitidos em um hospital dia de um centro médico acadêmico, em São Paulo, Brasil. A AGC-10 foi administrada na admissão. O Frailty Index e o fenótipo de fragilidade foram usados para explorar a validade da AGC-10. Houve seguimento de um ano por contato telefônico mensal para aferição dos desfechos perda funcional para atividades básicas de vida diária (ABVD), hospitalização e morte. Modelos de riscos proporcionais, que consideraram morte como um evento competitivo, associaram a AGC-10 com os desfechos adversos após ajuste para fatores sociodemográficos (idade, sexo, raça e renda) e índice de comorbidades de Charlson. A confiabilidade interexaminadores e o tempo para administrar o instrumento foram examinados em uma subamostra representativa de 53 participantes. RESULTADOS: Em três rodadas de opinião, os especialistas de 32 instituições diferentes estabeleceram consenso de que a AGC-10 deveria incluir 10 domínios (suporte social, hospitalizações recentes, quedas, número de medicamentos, ABVD, cognição, autoavaliação da saúde, sintomas depressivos, estado nutricional e velocidade de marcha). Houve acordo sobre os instrumentos específicos para avaliar cada domínio. Um índice total de 0 a 1 expressou a média dos déficits encontrados nos 10 domínios e classificou os pacientes em três níveis: baixo (0-0,29), médio (0,3-0,39) e alto (0,4-1) risco. O índice AGC-10 correlacionou-se fortemente com o Frailty Index (coeficiente de Spearman=0,79; IC95%=0,76-0,82) e apresentou acurácia excelente para identificar indivíduos frágeis (área sob a curva ROC=0,84 IC95%=0,81-0,87). Em comparação aos de baixo risco, pacientes classificados como médio e alto risco na AGC-10 tiveram maior incidência de perda funcional (33% vs. 13%, sub-HR=2,3 IC95%=1,3-4,0; 51% vs. 13%, sub-HR=4,1 IC95%=2,4-6,9, respectivamente), hospitalização (44% vs. 22%, sub-HR=2,4 IC95%=1,5-3,9; 51% vs. 22%, sub-HR=3,2 IC95%=2,0-4,9, respectivamente) e morte (18% vs. 5%, HR=2,9 IC95%=1,2-7,3; 24% vs. 5%, HR=3,9 IC95%=1,7-9,3, respectivamente) em um ano. O índice AGC-10 mostrou excelente confiabilidade interexaminadores (coeficiente de correlação intraclasse=0,92 IC95%=0,87-0,95). O tempo médio de administração do novo instrumento foi de 9,5 ± 2,2 minutos. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo apresenta evidências robustas que sustentam a validade e confiabilidade da AGC-10. Este instrumento de rastreio multidimensional breve pode ser uma opção prática e eficiente para identificar condições geriátricas, prever desfechos adversos e guiar os cuidados dos idosos em serviços de saúde em que os profissionais tenham limitação de tempo e recursos / BACKGROUND: Comprehensive geriatric assessment promotes a systematic screening of the geriatric syndromes and other health problems that commonly affect older adults. This multidimensional instrument has excellent performance to identify high-risk older patients for adverse outcomes. However, limited time and resources hinder its use in busy healthcare settings. OBJECTIVES: To develop and investigate the psychometric properties of a 10-minute targeted geriatric assessment (10-TaGA) designed for older adults in fast-paced healthcare settings. METHODS: A consensus of experts (Delphi technique) comprising 62 geriatrics from all regions of Brazil developed the instrument. We investigated the psychometric properties of 10-TaGA in a prospective cohort study involving 534 acutely ill older outpatients (mean age 79,5 ± 8,4 years; 63% female) consecutively admitted to a day hospital at an academic medical center, in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The 10-TaGA was administered on admission. The Frailty index and Physical Frailty Phenotype were used to explore 10-TaGA\'s validity. We conducted 1-year follow-up by monthly phone contacts to assess the outcomes, which included new dependence in basic activities of daily living (ADL), hospitalization, and death. Hazard models, considering death as a competing event, were used to associate 10-TaGA with the adverse outcomes after adjusting for sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race, and income) and Charlson comorbidity index. The interrater reliability and time to complete the instrument were evaluated in a 53-person representative subsample. RESULTS: In three rounds of opinion, experts from 32 institutions achieved consensus that the 10-TaGA should include 10 domains (social support, recent hospitalizations, falls, number of medications, ADL, cognition, self-rated health, depressive symptoms, nutritional status, and gait speed). They arrived at sufficient agreement on specific tools to evaluate each domain. A single numerical score from 0 to 1 expressed the cumulative deficits across the 10 domains and classified participants into three levels: low (0-0.29), medium (0.3-0.39), and high (0.4-1) risk. The 10-TaGA score was highly correlated with the Frailty Index (Spearman coefficient=0.79, 95CI%=0.76-0.82) and had an excellent accuracy to identify frail older adults (area under the ROC curve=0.84, 95%CI=0.81-0.87). Compared to low-risk patients, those classified as medium-risk and high-risk according to 10-TaGA presented a higher incidence of new ADL dependence (33% vs. 13%, sub- HR=2.3, 95%CI=1.3-4.0; 51% vs. 13%, sub-HR=4.1, 95%CI=2.4-6.9, respectively), hospitalization (44% vs. 22%, sub-HR=2.4, 95%CI=1.5-3.9; 51% vs. 22%, sub-HR=3.2, 95%CI=2.0-4.9, respectively) e death (18% vs. 5%, HR=2.9, 95%CI=1.2-7.3; 24% vs. 5%, HR=3.9, 95%CI=1.7-9.3, respectively) during the 1-year follow-up period. The 10-TaGA score had excellent interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.92, 95%CI=0.87-0.95). Mean time to administer the instrument was 9.5 ± 2.2 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: The study presents robust evidence supporting 10-TaGA\'s validity and reliability. This brief multidomain screener tool may be a practical and efficient approach to identify geriatric syndromes, predict adverse outcomes, and guide the care of older adults in healthcare settings where providers have limited time and resources

The purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate the association of psychological distress with cardiac disease, events, and mortality. Specific aims were to: 1) to evaluate the association between hostility level and recurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and all-cause mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD); 2) to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) hostility and anxiety subscales in a group of incarcerated participants at high risk of cardiovascular disease; and 3) to evaluate the association of patient and caregiver psychological state with quality of life in both patient and caregiver, and postoperative complications after cardiac surgery. Specific aim one was addressed through a secondary analysis of data collected during the Patient Response to Myocardial Infarction following a Teaching Intervention Offered by Nurses trial to determine whether hostility was a predictor of ACS recurrence and mortality. Hostility was common after ACS and predicted all-cause mortality. Hostility did not predict recurrent ACS. Specific aim 2 was addressed in a secondary analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial in male prisoners. Participants completed the BSI at baseline prior to the intervention. Internal consistency reliability was good for both subscales (Cronbach’s alpha - hostility 0.83, anxiety 0.81). Items from the two dimensions were analyzed together using exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation. Two dimensions, anxiety and hostility, were identified. Construct validity was supported; those with high anxiety and hostility reported a greater number of days where their self-reported health was rated as fair or poor. Those prisoners with less perceived control had higher levels of anxiety and hostility. Specific aim 3 was addressed through a prospective, descriptive correlational study that measured patient and caregiver anxiety, hostility and depressive symptoms, at baseline to determine whether these predicted quality of life using a multilevel dyadic analysis; and to evaluate the association of baseline anxiety, hostility and depressive symptoms and quality of life with postoperative complications and mortality. Anxiety, hostility, and depressive symptoms were common in both cardiac patients and their caregiver. Psychological state influenced quality of life in both dyad members, but was not associated with complications.

The growing global prevalence of dementia coupled with a shift in public perception from a hopeless disease to the possibility of living well with dementia has led to the formation of dementia friendly communities (DFC). DFCs are a new phenomenon in the United States, with a gap in knowledge on input from people living with dementia (PLWD). This study investigated DFCs from the perspective of PLWD in Western North Carolina, with the following research questions: How are interactions and relationships experienced by persons living with dementia in the community? How is community engagement experienced by PLWD? To what extent and in what way is the impact of stigma associated with dementia? What are the attributes of a DFC from the perspective of PLWD? Eighteen older adults with reported dementia or memory loss were recruited from support groups or community organizations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in participants’ homes and analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis. Three major themes emerged from the transcribed interviews (a) transitions in cognition: vulnerable identities, (b) social connections, and (c) engagement in life activities. The dynamic experience of living with dementia revealed by participants suggested the following attributes of a DFC: (a) social inclusion, (b) support for role continuity, (c) availability of meaningful and contributory activities, (d) flexible support as cognition transitions, (e) community dementia awareness (to combat stigma), and (f) a supportive diagnostic process. The presence of care partners in the interviews was supportive, and the evaluation to sign consent tool assisted in determination of participant capacity to self-consent. The findings were interpreted through the theoretical frameworks of personhood, the social model of disability, human rights and citizenship, the environmental press model, and transitions theory. DFC development requires a contextual lens focused on well-being with input from multiple stakeholders including PLWD. Collaboration among community organizations supported by local, regional, and national policy supporting flexible service provision through cognitive transitions has the potential to provide a strong social network on which to build a DFC.

<p>Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and the identification of modifiable risk factors is crucial in order to diminish suffering of this common disease. </p><p>The primary aim of this thesis was to investigate novel metabolic risk factors for CHF, with a focus on insulin resistance and inflammation. The secondary aim was to examine the validity of the CHF diagnosis in the Swedish hospital discharge register.</p><p>This thesis was based on the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) cohort, a community-based prospective study started in 1970. The participants were examined at age 50 and 70 and the data was completed with annual updates on mortality and in-hospital morbidity using national registers. </p><p>We showed that insulin resistance predicts CHF incidence independently of established risk factors in both middle-aged and elderly men. The previously described association between obesity and subsequent CHF may be mediated partly by insulin resistance. Moreover, it was established that inflammation, measured as erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a significant predictor of CHF, independent of established risk factors including an interim myocardial infarction. Furthermore, a low beta-carotene level, as well as an increased apolipoprotein B/A-I-ratio was found to predict CHF independently of established risk factors.</p><p>We also showed that the validity of the CHF diagnosis in the Swedish hospital discharge register appears less precise than for other recently investigated cardiovascular diagnoses. However, when including only cases from selected clinics or cases with a primary diagnosis of CHF, the validity is comparable to the above diagnoses. </p><p>In conclusion, insulin resistance and inflammation are strong independent risk factors for the development of CHF, and seem to be involved in the early process leading to CHF. If confirmed, our observations could have large clinical implications as they may offer new approaches in the prevention of CHF.</p>

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and the identification of modifiable risk factors is crucial in order to diminish suffering of this common disease. The primary aim of this thesis was to investigate novel metabolic risk factors for CHF, with a focus on insulin resistance and inflammation. The secondary aim was to examine the validity of the CHF diagnosis in the Swedish hospital discharge register. This thesis was based on the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) cohort, a community-based prospective study started in 1970. The participants were examined at age 50 and 70 and the data was completed with annual updates on mortality and in-hospital morbidity using national registers. We showed that insulin resistance predicts CHF incidence independently of established risk factors in both middle-aged and elderly men. The previously described association between obesity and subsequent CHF may be mediated partly by insulin resistance. Moreover, it was established that inflammation, measured as erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a significant predictor of CHF, independent of established risk factors including an interim myocardial infarction. Furthermore, a low beta-carotene level, as well as an increased apolipoprotein B/A-I-ratio was found to predict CHF independently of established risk factors. We also showed that the validity of the CHF diagnosis in the Swedish hospital discharge register appears less precise than for other recently investigated cardiovascular diagnoses. However, when including only cases from selected clinics or cases with a primary diagnosis of CHF, the validity is comparable to the above diagnoses. In conclusion, insulin resistance and inflammation are strong independent risk factors for the development of CHF, and seem to be involved in the early process leading to CHF. If confirmed, our observations could have large clinical implications as they may offer new approaches in the prevention of CHF.

The number of old people is growing and will increase future demands on healthcare services for old people. Hip fracture is one of the diagnoses that increases with age and it has become a major problem, both for those suffering a fracture and for society due to the large numbers involved, the morbidity with complications such as falls, functional decline, and the high mortality rate among those affected. The main purposes of this thesis were, to study the impact of previous hip fractures on their life among the very old, to study in-patient falls, fall-related injuries and fall-risk factors, and to evaluate a multidisciplinary, multi-factorial intervention program designed to reduce in-patient falls and to enhance functional performance among old people who have sustained a femoral neck fracture. The impact of a hip fracture was examined in a cross-sectional population-based study, among the very old (Umeå 85+). After adjustment for potential covariates, participants with a history of hip fracture were found to be more dependent in the performance of Personal/Primary Activities of Daily Living (P-ADL) (p=0.024), walked less independently (p=0.040) and used a wheelchair more frequently (p=0.017). Most of the participants with earlier hip fractures who had moved to institutional care or begun using mobility aids, as compared to before the fracture, had started to do so permanently in connection with the fracture incident. In-patient falls, fall-related injuries and fall-risk factors were studied in 97 participants, aged 70 or more, treated for a femoral neck fracture. There were 60 postoperative falls occurring among 26/97 participants (27%). Thirty-two percent of the falls resulted in injuries, 25 % were minor, and 7 % were serious. Delirium after day seven, (Hazard Rate Ratio (HRR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI)), 4.62 (1.30-16.37), male sex 3.92 (1.58-9.73), and sleeping disturbances 3.49 (1.24-9.86), were associated with in-patient falls. Forty-five percent of the participants were delirious on the day they fell. The effects of a multidisciplinary, multi-factorial intervention program on in-hospital falls and injuries as well as the short- and long-term effects on living conditions, walking ability and performance of activities of daily living were evaluated in a randomised controlled trial among 199 participants with femoral neck fracture, aged ≥70 years. Participants were randomised to care in a geriatric ward (intervention, n=102) or to conventional postoperative routines (control, n=97). The intervention consisted of staff education, individualized care planning and rehabilitation, systematic assessment and treatment of fall-risk factors, active prevention, and detection and treatment of postoperative complications and an intervention follow up at four-months. The staff worked in teams to apply comprehensive geriatric assessment, management and rehabilitation. Twelve participants fell a total 18 times in the intervention group compared to 26 participants suffering a total 60 falls in the control group. Only one participant with dementia fell in the intervention group compared to 11 participants with dementia in the control group. The fall incidence rate was 6.29/1000 days vs. 16.28/1000 for the intervention and control groups respectively. The Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) was 0.38 (95% CI: 0.20-0.76, p=0.006) for the total sample and 0.07 (95% CI: 0.01-0.57, p=0.013) among participants with dementia. No new fractures were incurred in the intervention group but there were four in the control group. In addition, despite shorter hospitalization, significantly more people from the intervention group had regained independence in P-ADL performance at the four- and twelve-month follow ups, Odds Ratios (OR), with 95% CI, were 2.51 (1.00-6.30) and 3.49 (1.31-9.23) respectively. More participants in the intervention group had also regained the ability to walk independently without walking aids indoors, at the end of the study period, 3.01 (1.18-7.61). In conclusion, hip fracture among the very old seems to be associated with poorer P-ADL performance and poorer mobility. Falls and injuries are common during in-patient rehabilitation after a femoral neck fracture, delirium and sleep disturbances and male gender are factors associated with in-patient falls. Having a team apply comprehensive geriatric assessments and rehabilitation, including the prevention, detection and treatment of fall-risk factors, can successfully prevent in-patient falls and fall-related injuries, even among participants with dementia, and can also enhance the performance of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and mobility after a hip fracture, in both short- and long-term perspectives.